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German submarineU-305

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Coordinates:49°00′N18°00′W / 49.000°N 18.000°W /49.000; -18.000

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German World War II submarine

History

Nazi Germany
Name	U-305
Ordered	20 January 1941
Builder	Flender Werke,Lübeck
Yard number	305
Laid down	30 August 1941
Launched	25 July 1942
Commissioned	17 September 1942
Fate	Sunk in the North Atlantic on 16 January 1944, probably by its own torpedo
General characteristics
Class and type	Type VIIC submarine
Displacement	769tonnes (757long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged
Length	67.10 m (220 ft 2 in)o/a 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in)pressure hull
Beam	6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height	9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught	4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Installed power	2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion	2 shafts 2 ×diesel engines 2 ×electric motors
Speed	17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
Range	8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth	230 m (750 ft) Crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
Complement	4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Armament	5 × 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern) 14 ×torpedoesor 26 TMAmines 1 ×8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun (220 rounds) 2 × twin2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns
Service record^[1]^[2]
Part of:	8th U-boat Flotilla 17 September 1942 – 28 February 1943 1st U-boat Flotilla 1 March 1943 – 16 January 1944
Identification codes:	M 49 638
Commanders:	Oblt.z.S. /Kptlt. Rudolf Bahr 17 September 1942 – 16 January 1944
Operations:	4 patrols: 1st patrol: 27 February – 12 April 1943 2nd patrol: 12 May – 1 June 1943 3rd patrol: 23 August – 22 October 1943 4th patrol: 8 December – 16 January 1944
Victories:	2 merchant ships sunk (13,045 GRT) 2 warships sunk (2,560 tons)

German submarineU-305 was aType VIIC U-boat ofNazi Germany'sKriegsmarine duringWorld War II. The submarine waslaid down on 30 August 1941 at theFlender Werke yard atLübeck as yard number 305,launched on 25 July 1942 andcommissioned on 17 September under the command ofOberleutnant zur See Rudolf Bahr.

During her career, the U-boat sailed on four combat patrols, sinking four ships, before she was sunk on 16 January 1944 in mid-Atlantic, southwest of Ireland.

She was part of eightwolfpacks.

Design

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German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorterType VIIB submarines.U-305 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.^[3] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), apressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), abeam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and adraught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by twoGermaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylindersupercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, twoGarbe, Lahmeyer & Co. RP 137/cdouble-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft)propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).^[3]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).^[3] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).U-305 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteentorpedoes, one8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had acomplement of between forty-four and sixty.^[3]

Service history

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The boat's service life began with training with the8th U-boat Flotilla in September 1942. She was then transferred to the1st flotilla for operations on 1 March.

First patrol

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The submarine's first patrol began with her departure fromKiel on 27 February 1943. She passed through thegap betweenIceland and theFaroe Islands and into the north Atlantic Ocean. On 17 March she sankPort Auckland andZouave southeast ofCape Farewell (Greenland), the latter foundering in five minutes. The boat arrived inBrest in occupied France, on 12 April 1943.

Second and third patrols

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U-305's second foray was relatively uneventful, starting and finishing in Brest, as would all her remaining patrols, on 12 May and 1 June 1943.

On her third sortie, she sankHMCS St. Croix on 20 September 1943. The Canadian warship was one of the first victims of aGNAT acoustic torpedo.

Fourth patrol and loss

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The boat's final patrol commenced on 8 December 1943. She successfully attackedHMS Tweed southwest of Ireland. This ship sank in just two minutes, with the loss of 83 men.HMS Nene picked up 44 survivors.^[4]^[5]^[6]

U-305 was lost in January 1944. Fifty-one men died; there were no survivors.

U-305 was originally thought to have been sunk by the British destroyerHMS Wanderer and the frigateHMS Glenarm at49°00′N18°00′W / 49.000°N 18.000°W /49.000; -18.000 on 17 January 1944.^[7]^[8]^[9] but recent research suggests this attack sankU-377, andU-305 was lost by unknown cause, possibly a victim of one of her own torpedoes.^[1]

Wolfpacks

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U-305 took part in eightwolfpacks, namely:

Stürmer (11 – 20 March 1943)
Seewolf (21 – 30 March 1943)
Mosel (19 – 23 May 1943)
Leuthen (15 – 24 September 1943)
Rossbach (25 September – 5 October 1943)
Borkum (18 December 1943 – 3 January 1944)
Borkum 1 (3 – 13 January 1944)
Rügen (13 – 16 January 1944)

Summary of raiding history

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Date	Ship name	Nationality	Tonnage^{[Note 1]}	Fate^[10]
17 March 1943	Port Auckland	United Kingdom	8,789	Sunk
17 March 1943	Zouave	United Kingdom	4,256	Sunk
20 September 1943	HMCSSt. Croix	Royal Canadian Navy	1,190	Sunk
7 January 1944	HMSTweed	Royal Navy	1,370	Sunk

References

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Notes

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^Merchant ship tonnages are ingross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tonsdisplacement.

Citations

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^^a ^bHelgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC boat U-305".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved15 August 2012.
^Helgason, Guðmundur."Patrols by U-305".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved1 December 2014.
^^a ^b ^c ^dGröner, Jung & Maass 1991, pp. 43–46.
^"HMS Tweed (K 250) (British Frigate) - Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII - uboat.net".uboat.net. Retrieved12 January 2025.
^"Wrecksite - Tweed Frigate 1943-1944". Retrieved12 January 2025.
^"HMS Tweed, frigate".www.naval-history.net. Retrieved12 January 2025.
^Whinney 1986, p.11-18
^Paul Kemp,U-Boats Destroyed (1997)ISBN 1 85409 515 3, p165
^Axel Niestle,U-Boat Losses during World War II (1998)ISBN 1 85367 352 8, p54
^Helgason, Guðmundur."Ships hit by U-305".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved1 December 2014.

Bibliography

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Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press.ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler.ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991).U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press.ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
Whinney, Bob (1998).The U-Boat Peril: a fight for survival. Cassell Military Classics, London, 1998.ISBN 0-304-35132-6. Originally published by Poole in 1986.
Bercuson, David J. (with H. Holger) (1998).Deadly Seas: The Story of the St.Croix, the U305 and the Battle of the Atlantic. Random House of Canada, Toronto, 1997.ISBN 978-0679309277.

External links

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Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC boat U-305".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved26 December 2014.
Hofmann, Markus."U 305".Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved26 December 2014.

v t e Type VII submarines
Type VIIA	U-27 U-28 U-29 U-30 U-31 U-32 U-33 U-34 U-35 U-36
Type VIIB	U-45 U-46 U-47 U-48 U-49 U-50 U-51 U-52 U-53 U-54 U-55 U-73 U-74 U-75 U-76 U-83 U-84 U-85 U-86 U-87 U-99 U-100 U-101 U-102
Type VIIC	U-69 U-70 U-71 U-72 U-77 U-78 U-79 U-80 U-81 U-82 U-88 U-89 U-90 U-91 U-92 U-93 U-94 U-95 U-96 U-97 U-98 U-132 U-133 U-134 U-135 U-136 U-201 U-202 U-203 U-204 U-205 U-206 U-207 U-208 U-209 U-210 U-211 U-212 U-221 U-222 U-223 U-224 U-225 U-226 U-227 U-228 U-229 U-230 U-231 U-232 U-235 U-236 U-237 U-238 U-239 U-240 U-241 U-242 U-243 U-244 U-245 U-246 U-247 U-248 U-249 U-250 U-251 U-252 U-253 U-254 U-255 U-256 U-257 U-258 U-259 U-260 U-261 U-262 U-263 U-264 U-265 U-266 U-267 U-268 U-269 U-270 U-271 U-272 U-273 U-274 U-275 U-276 U-277 U-278 U-279 U-280 U-281 U-282 U-283 U-284 U-285 U-286 U-287 U-288 U-289 U-290 U-291 U-301 U-302 U-303 U-304 U-305 U-306 U-307 U-308 U-309 U-310 U-311 U-312 U-313 U-314 U-315 U-316 U-331 U-332 U-333 U-334 U-335 U-336 U-337 U-338 U-339 U-340 U-341 U-342 U-343 U-344 U-345 U-346 U-347 U-348 U-349 U-350 U-351 U-352 U-353 U-354 U-355 U-356 U-357 U-358 U-359 U-360 U-361 U-362 U-363 U-364 U-365 U-366 U-367 U-368 U-369 U-370 U-371 U-372 U-373 U-374 U-375 U-376 U-377 U-378 U-379 U-380 U-381 U-382 U-383 U-384 U-385 U-386 U-387 U-388 U-389 U-390 U-391 U-392 U-393 U-394 U-396 U-397 U-398 U-399 U-400 U-401 U-402 U-403 U-404 U-405 U-406 U-407 U-408 U-409 U-410 U-411 U-412 U-413 U-414 U-415 U-416 U-417 U-418 U-419 U-420 U-421 U-422 U-423 U-424 U-425 U-426 U-427 U-428 U-429 U-430 U-431 U-432 U-433 U-434 U-435 U-436 U-437 U-438 U-439 U-440 U-441 U-442 U-443 U-444 U-445 U-446 U-447 U-448 U-449 U-450 U-451 U-452 U-453 U-454 U-455 U-456 U-457 U-458 U-465 U-466 U-467 U-468 U-469 U-470 U-471 U-472 U-473 U-475 U-476 U-477 U-478 U-479 U-480 U-481 U-482 U-483 U-484 U-485 U-486 U-551 U-552 U-553 U-554 U-555 U-556 U-557 U-558 U-559 U-560 U-561 U-562 U-563 U-564 U-565 U-566 U-567 U-568 U-569 U-570 U-571 U-572 U-573 U-574 U-575 U-576 U-577 U-578 U-579 U-580 U-581 U-582 U-583 U-584 U-585 U-586 U-587 U-588 U-589 U-590 U-591 U-592 U-593 U-594 U-595 U-596 U-597 U-598 U-599 U-600 U-601 U-602 U-603 U-604 U-605 U-606 U-607 U-608 U-609 U-610 U-611 U-612 U-613 U-614 U-615 U-616 U-617 U-618 U-619 U-620 U-621 U-622 U-623 U-624 U-625 U-626 U-627 U-628 U-629 U-630 U-631 U-632 U-633 U-634 U-635 U-636 U-637 U-638 U-639 U-640 U-641 U-642 U-643 U-644 U-645 U-646 U-647 U-648 U-649 U-650 U-651 U-652 U-653 U-654 U-655 U-656 U-657 U-658 U-659 U-660 U-661 U-662 U-663 U-664 U-665 U-666 U-667 U-668 U-669 U-670 U-671 U-672 U-673 U-674 U-675 U-676 U-677 U-678 U-679 U-680 U-681 U-682 U-683 U-701 U-702 U-703 U-704 U-705 U-706 U-707 U-708 U-709 U-710 U-711 U-712 U-713 U-714 U-715 U-716 U-717 U-718 U-719 U-720 U-721 U-722 U-731 U-732 U-733 U-734 U-735 U-736 U-737 U-738 U-739 U-740 U-741 U-742 U-743 U-744 U-745 U-746 U-747 U-748 U-749 U-750 U-751 U-752 U-753 U-754 U-755 U-756 U-757 U-758 U-759 U-760 U-761 U-762 U-763 U-764 U-765 U-766 U-767 U-768 U-771 U-772 U-773 U-774 U-775 U-776 U-777 U-778 U-779 U-821 U-822 U-825 U-826 U-901 U-903 U-904 U-905 U-907 U-921 U-922 U-923 U-924 U-925 U-926 U-927 U-928 U-951 U-952 U-953 U-954 U-955 U-956 U-957 U-958 U-959 U-960 U-961 U-962 U-963 U-964 U-965 U-966 U-967 U-968 U-969 U-970 U-971 U-972 U-973 U-974 U-975 U-976 U-977 U-978 U-979 U-980 U-981 U-982 U-983 U-984 U-985 U-986 U-987 U-988 U-989 U-990 U-991 U-992 U-993 U-994 U-1051 U-1052 U-1053 U-1054 U-1055 U-1056 U-1057 U-1058 U-1101 U-1102 U-1131 U-1132 U-1161 U-1162 U-1191 U-1192 U-1193 U-1194 U-1195 U-1196 U-1197 U-1198 U-1199 U-1200 U-1201 U-1202 U-1203 U-1204 U-1205 U-1206 U-1207 U-1208 U-1209 U-1210
Type VIIC/41	U-292 U-293 U-294 U-295 U-296 U-297 U-298 U-299 U-300 U-317 U-318 U-319 U-320 U-321 U-322 U-323 U-324 U-325 U-326 U-327 U-328 U-691 U-827 U-828 U-929 U-930 U-995 U-997 U-998 U-999 U-1000 U-1001 U-1002 U-1003 U-1004 U-1005 U-1006 U-1007 U-1008 U-1009 U-1010 U-1011 U-1013 U-1014 U-1015 U-1016 U-1017 U-1018 U-1019 U-1020 U-1021 U-1022 U-1023 U-1024 U-1025 U-1063 U-1064 U-1065 U-1103 U-1104 U-1105 U-1106 U-1107 U-1108 U-1109 U-1110 U-1163 U-1164 U-1165 U-1166 U-1167 U-1168 U-1169 U-1170 U-1171 U-1172 U-1271 U-1272 U-1273 U-1274 U-1275 U-1276 U-1277 U-1278 U-1279 U-1301 U-1302 U-1303 U-1304 U-1305 U-1306 U-1307 U-1308
Type VIID	U-213 U-214 U-215 U-216 U-217 U-218
Type VIIF	U-1059 U-1060 U-1061 U-1062
Preceded by:Type II Followed by:Type IX List of U-boats of Germany

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in January 1944
Shipwrecks	1 Jan:Nagoya Maru 2 Jan:Albert Gallatin 3 Jan:USS Turner 6 Jan:USS St. Augustine 8 Jan:U-426,U-757 9 Jan:U-81 10 Jan:Daniel Webster 11 Jan:I-11,Kuma 13 Jan:U-231 14 Jan:Ha-50,Sazanami 16 Jan:I-181,USS Macaw,U-544 17 Jan:Ha-51 18 Jan:Yoshida Maru 19 Jan:U-641 20 Jan:U-263 22 Jan:USS Portent,Ro-37 23 Jan:HMS Janus 24 Jan:Magane Maru,St David 25 Jan:Suzukaze 26 JanLST-411,LST-422 28 Jan:Ha-49,Sperrbrecher 137,U-271,U-571 29 Jan:Samuel Huntington,HMS Spartan,U-364 30 Jan:Cha-14,Cha-19,Cha-28,HMS Hardy,Tama Maru No. 3,U-314 31 Jan:U-592,Yasukuni Maru Unknown date:USS Scorpion,U-305,U-377
Other incidents	1 Jan:USS Jack 16 Jan:USS Flier 30 Jan:I-6
194319441945 December 1943February 1944

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