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| Total population | |
|---|---|
| unknown | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Lima,Oxapampa,Pozuzo,Villa Rica,Trujillo | |
| Languages | |
| Spanish,German,Hunsrik,Austrian German | |
| Religion | |
| Roman Catholicism,Protestantism,Judaism |
German Peruvians arePeruvian citizens of full or partialGerman ancestry. In general, the term is also applied to descendants of otherGerman-speaking immigrants, such asAustrians or theSwiss, or to someone who has immigrated to Peru from German-speaking countries.
Since independence, Germans had been immigrating toLima on a small scale, particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries, a number ofGerman immigrants have settled in other parts ofPeru, primarily inLima. Also, many of these German immigrants haveJewish heritage.[citation needed]
The first wave of immigration was in 1853, organized by then-presidentRamon Castilla. These immigrants established themselves in the cities ofTingo Maria,Tarapoto,Pucallpa,Moyobamba, and in the department ofAmazonas.Baron Kuno Damian Freiherr Schutz von Holzhausen, the leader of the immigration movement, consulted with the thenPeruvian Minister of Foreign Relations, Manuel Tirado. The meeting's purpose was to colonize the central jungle to better link thePacific andAtlantic coasts. The colonists would end up colonizingPozuzo. In 1854, the first immigration contract was signed between the Baron and then-presidentJosé Rufino Echenique. The next year, in 1855, this contract was nullified as Echenique had been ousted andRamon Castilla had assumed the presidency again. The Baron signed a new contract with the new president on December 6, 1855. According to the contract each colonist would be reimbursed by the government for the cost of the voyage from Europe toPozuzo, the construction of a new highway fromCerro de Pasco toPozuzo, each colonist 15 years old or older would receive 15 pesos, the distribution of 360 square kilometres (140 sq mi) land between the colonists of which they would have legal ownership, exemption for the first six months of taxes, and the responsibility to build schools, churches, and other basic needs. The government, however, required that the colonists beCatholic and workers skilled at a trade. To make this project possible the Baron was hired by thePeruvian government to oversee the colonization, paying him a salary of 2,400 pesos annually. The first wave of colonists departedAntwerp in 1857 and arrived in thePeruvian port ofCallao two months later. The third wave of immigrants to the jungle occurred in 1868, taking the same route as the second wave of immigrants did. In later years, the descendants of the German immigrants would go on to found new cities throughout the central jungle such asOxapampa andVilla Rica.[citation needed]
DuringWorld War II, some German Peruvians became under the influence ofNazi Germany and began their own branches ofNazi Party.[1] About 2,000 German Peruvian lived in Peru during World War II,[1] with the total number of known active Nazi party members in Peru being documented at more than 200.[1] The prominent families such as the Emmel family inArequipa and Fischer family inAndahuaylas, the Albrecht family inCusco and the Schäfer family inPiura signed their names as Nazi Party members.[1][2] Carl Dedering led the Nazi Party in Peru and much of the documentation regarding the party in Peru was lost, some of it burned by party members to prevent incrimination.[1][3] In the remote village ofPozuzo, theNazi Flag would be raised on the town's flagpole.[3]
Peru's government would abide by British blacklists targeting German businesses in the country during the war.[1] The Alexander Humboldt School inLima was a meeting place for five branches of the Nazi Party, with the school's director and teachers being deported tointernment camps in the United States for being leaders.[1] After Peru broke diplomatic relations with Germany in 1942, some naturalized German Peruvians were sent to internment camps in the United States.[1] Many German Peruvians placed their accounts in the Embassy ofFrancoist Spain due to its closeness with Nazi Germany, with about 3 millionsoles being present by 1945.[1]
German schools in Peru:
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