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Geraldo Alckmin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Alckmin in 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 26th Vice President of Brazil | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assumed office 1 January 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Hamilton Mourão | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minister of Development, Industry, Trade and Services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assumed office 1 January 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Marcos Jorge de Lima | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | Geraldo José Rodrigues Alckmin Filho (1952-11-07)7 November 1952 (age 73) Pindamonhangaba,São Paulo, Brazil | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | PSB (since 2022) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other political affiliations | MDB (1972–1980) PMDB (1980–1988) PSDB (1988–2021) Independent (2021–2022) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Relatives | José Maria Alkmin (great-uncle) José Eduardo Alckmin (cousin) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residence | Palácio do Jaburu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alma mater | University of Taubaté (BM) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Signature |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Website | Official website | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Geraldo José Rodrigues Alckmin Filho (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation:[ʒeˈɾawduʒoˈzɛʁoˈdɾiɡezˈawkmĩˈfiʎu]; born 7 November 1952) is a Brazilian physician and politician who has served as thevice president of Brazil since 2023. He previously was theGovernor ofSão Paulo for two nonconsecutive terms, the longest serving sincedemocratization, 2001 to 2006 and 2011 to 2018.[1][2]
Before entering politics, Alckmin attended theUniversidade de Taubaté's medical school, specializing inanesthesiology, going on to work in the São Paulo Public Service Hospital. Alckmin was elected mayor of his hometownPindamonhangaba in 1982, becoming a founder of theBrazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) in 1988. Alckmin first became governor ofSão Paulo in 2001 after the death ofMário Covas.
Alckmin was a candidate forPresident of Brazil in2006 for thePSDB, losing to incumbent PresidentLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva in the second round. Alckmin againran for president for thePSDB in2018, but placed fourth, not advancing to the second round.[3]
Alckmin joined theBrazilian Socialist Party (PSB) in 2022 to be the running mate of former rival,Lula da Silva in the2022 Brazilian presidential election. After the ticket's victory, Alckmin became vice-president. Alckmin is usually described by political analysts and supporters as a pro-business centrist, closely associated with the political and financial establishment.[4][5][6]
Geraldo José Rodrigues Alckmin Filho was born in the city ofPindamonhangaba,Vale do Paraíba. Alckmin is the son of Geraldo José Rodrigues Alckmin and Míriam Penteado. According to Época magazine, Geraldo received a Christian formation from theOpus Dei Catholic prelature, and told the magazine that his uncle José Geraldo was from Opus Dei.[7]
The Alckmin family has a history in politics, most notablyRodrigues Alckmin, a minister of theSupreme Federal Court, andJosé Maria Alkmin, vice-president in theCastelo Branco administration.[8]
Geraldo is married to Maria Lúcia Ribeiro Alckmin and is the father of three children. Sophia, Geraldo and Thomaz.[9] Thomaz died in a helicopter accident on 2 April 2015.[10]
While still in his first year of medical school, Alckmin began his political career in 1972 when he was elected to thePindamonhangaba city council (1973–1977), and then its mayor (1977–1982). At age 25, he was the youngest Brazilian mayor. He was elected a federal deputy for two terms, (1983–1987 and 1987–1994), distinguishing himself by authoring consumer protection laws. In 1988, he was one of the founders of theBrazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB).
He was elected vicegovernor of São Paulo,Mário Covas's running-mate first in the 1994 election and then again in 1998. With the death of Covas, he assumed the governorship of the state of São Paulo in March 2001, he continued Covas' policies, investing in large, state-run projects, health and education programs. All of these investments were possible throughprivatization programs that sold off public and state-owned companies.
He was elected governor on 27 October 2002, through arunoff election, for the 2003–2006 term, with 12 million votes (or 58.64%). His current administration was marked by a reduction in the state payroll from 49% to 46% of the state's budget, the unification of purchasing systems and other "smart spending" initiatives, as well as the implementation ofPublic-Private Partnerships (PPPs).
On 14 March 2006,PSDB nominated Alckmin as its candidate for president in the2006 elections. Because of electoral rules, no candidate running for office may currently be in an executive office, forcing him to resign the governorship on 31 March 2006.Cláudio Lembo, thelieutenant governor, finished Alckmin's term. Alckmin's party mate,José Serra, the PSDB's presidential standard-bearer who lost to Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in 2002, then announced his candidacy to replace Alckmin in the 2006 state elections. Serra won the vote in Brazil's first round elections on 1 October 2006 and was elected as the governor of São Paulo.
Contrary to all major polls taken in the run-up to the 1 October 2006 balloting, Alckmin surprised almost everyone and came in second place in the presidential election[citation needed]. His 41.64% of the vote,[11] along with votes cast for two less significant candidates, as well as ballots that were left blank or spoiled, was enough to deny thesimple majority necessary to re-elect incumbent PresidentLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva ("Lula") in the first round. Lula and Alckmin faced one another in a run-off election on 29 October 2006. Alckmin received 39% of the vote, losing to Lula, who received 61% of the vote and was then reelected.
On 19 January 2009, Geraldo was appointed Secretary of Development for the State of São Paulo by then-GovernorJosé Serra.[12][13]
At the PSDB convention held on 13 June 2010, Alckmin was officially named the party's candidate for the São Paulo government.[14]
Alckmin was elected governor in the first round with 11.5 million votes (50.63%) defeating SenatorAloizio Mercadante (PT) who obtained 8 million votes (35.23%).[15]
Alckmin assumed the government of São Paulo for the third time on 1 January 2011. The inauguration took place during a ceremony held at State Legislative Assembly.[16]
His administration in 2013 faces strikes in education and health.[17][18] After the readjustment in the passage of the metropolitan trains and the subway, great manifestations of protests began, that also happened in all Brazil. The readjustment was later suspended by Alckmin and the mayor of São Paulo,Fernando Haddad.[19]
Alckmin's reelection campaign for 2014 was officialized on 29 June 2014.[20] In the first round, on 5 October 2014, he was re-elected with 12.2 million votes (57.31%), being the second highest percentage of votes since the redemocratization of Brazil.[21]
Alckmin took office for the fourth time as governor of São Paulo on 1 January 2015.[22]
In a convention held on 9 December 2017, Alckmin was elected the PSDB's national president in a 470–3 vote, succeedingMinas Gerais senatorAécio Neves, and announced his pre-candidacy for next year's presidential race.[23] On the same day, Alckmin spoke negatively of a potential Lula da Silva candidacy, stating that: "After having broken Brazil, Lula says he wants to return to power, that is, he wants to return to the scene of the crime. We will defeat him at the polls. Lula will be condemned at the polls by the biggest recession in history."[24] On 23 February 2018, afterManaus mayorArthur Virgílio Neto suspended his campaign, Alckmin became the sole candidate for the party'sprimary. His candidacy became official on 6 March 2018.[25]
Since resigning as governor and losing hislegal immunity, Alckmin has been the target of a probe by electoral justice authorities for allegations that construction companyOdebrecht illegally funneled R$10 million into his 2010 and 2014 campaign. He has denied wrongdoing, saying the funds were of "electoral nature" and that the allegation "does not proceed".[26]
In early May 2018, Alckmin announced his campaign communications team, which is headed by Luis Felipe d'Avila with Lula Guimarães as marketing director.[27] Later that month, he announced his economic advisorial team, which includesPlano Real economistsEdmar Bacha andPersio Arida.[28] In late July, Alckmin negotiated a coalition with the"centrão" (big centre), a group of parties in Congress composed ofDEM,PP,PR,PRB andSD.[29] On 2 August 2018,Rio Grande do Sul senatorAna Amélia Lemos, a member of PP, was confirmed as Alckmin's running mate in the general election.[30] As the candidate with the largest coalition, Alckmin has secured the longest slot forpolitical ads onfree-to-air television channels.[31] As candidate, Alckmin has proposed a smaller government and reduction of taxes, and has defended the labor reform that took place in the administration of PresidentMichel Temer.[32]
After his defeat in the 2018 elections, Alckmin considered running again for São Paulo governor in 2022. His former ally, São Paulo governorJoão Doria, launched his vice governorRodrigo Garcia as thePSDB's candidate for the role.[33][34] Alckmin considered staying with the PSDB in the case ofEduardo Leite's victory against Doria in theparty's presidential primaries. After Doria's victory in November 2021, Alckmin's departure from the party became inevitable.
On 15 December 2021, Alckmin formally announced his departure from the PSDB.[35] After his departure, there were speculations that he would join theSocial Democratic Party (PSD) if he decided to run for the government of São Paulo in 2022, or the leftistBrazilian Socialist Party (PSB) if he decided to run for vice president on former presidentLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva's ticket in the2022 presidential elections.[36]
In March 2022, Alckmin joined PSB to be Lula's running mate in the 2022 presidential election. The two were formerly rivals in the2006 Brazilian presidential election, where Alckmin, then a PSDB member, was defeated by Lula in the second round.[4] On 7 May 2022 Alckmin and Lula officialized the Lula-Alckmin ticket,[37] and on 29 July, he officially affiliated with the PSB and his candidacy for the vice-presidency was officialized.[38] Alckmin's candidacy as vice-president for his former rival, Lula da Silva, has been seen as an attempt by Lula to form a broad front against the re-election ofJair Bolsonaro.[39][40]
The Lula-Alckmin ticket won the second round of the 2022 elections, on 30 October, defeating the ticket of incumbent President Jair Bolsonaro (PL). Alckmin took the office ofHamilton Mourão (Republicans).[40]
On 22 December 2022, Alckmin was announced as theminister of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade in thesecond presidency of Lula da Silva.[41]
Following the election of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva as President of Brazil, Alckmin assumed office as vice president of Brazil on 1 January 2023.[42]
| Year | Election | Party | Office | Coalition | Partners | Party | Votes | Percent | Result | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1972 | Municipal Elections ofPindamonhangaba | MDB | Councillor | None | 1,447 | 10.00% | Elected | |||||
| 1976 | Pindamonhangaba Mayoral Election | Mayor | None | Thiers Fernandes Lobo | MDB | 23.80% | Elected | |||||
| 1982 | State Elections ofSão Paulo | State Deputy | None | 96,232 | 0.91% | Elected | ||||||
| 1986 | State Elections ofSão Paulo | PMDB | Federal Deputy | 125,127 | 0.81% | Elected | ||||||
| 1990 | State Elections ofSão Paulo | PSDB | Federal Deputy | 55,639 | 0.32% | Elected | ||||||
| 1994 | São Paulo Gubernatorial Election | Vice-Governor | Commitment to São Paulo (PSDB,PFL) | Mário Covas | PSDB | 6,574,517 | 46.84% | 2º Round | ||||
| 8,661,960 | 56.12% | Elected 2º Round | ||||||||||
| 1998 | São Paulo Gubernatorial Election | Vice-Governor | São Paulo on the Right Track (PSDB,PTB,PSD) | 3,813,186 | 22.95% | 2º Round | ||||||
| 9,800,253 | 55.37% | Elected 2º Round | ||||||||||
| 2000 | São PauloMayoral Election | Mayor | Respect for São Paulo (PSDB,PTB,PV,PSD,PRP) | Campos Machado | PTB | 952,890 | 17.26% | Lost 1º Round | ||||
| 2002 | São Paulo Gubernatorial Election | Governor | São Paulo in Good Hands (PSDB,PFL,PSD) | Cláudio Lembo | PFL | 7,505,486 | 38.28% | 2º Round | ||||
| 12,008,819 | 58.64% | Elected 2º Round | ||||||||||
| 2006 | Brazilian Presidential Election | President | For a Decent Brazil (PSDB,PFL) | José Jorge | PFL | 39,968,369 | 41.62% | 2º Round | ||||
| 37,543,178 | 39.17% | Lost 2º Round | ||||||||||
| 2008 | São PauloMayoral Election | Mayor | São Paulo in the Best Direction (PSDB,PTB,PHS,PSL,PSDC) | Campos Machado | PTB | 1,431,670 | 22.48% | Lost 1º Round | ||||
| 2010 | São Paulo Gubernatorial Election | Governor | United by São Paulo (PSDB,DEM,PMDB,PPS,PSC,PHS,PMN) | Afif Domingos | DEM | 11,519,314 | 50.63% | Elected 1º Round | ||||
| 2014 | São Paulo Gubernatorial Election | Governor | This is São Paulo (PSDB,PSB,DEM,PRB,Solidarity,PPS,PSC,PSL,PEN,PMN,PSDC,PTC,PTN,PTdoB) | Márcio França | PSB | 12,230,807 | 57.31% | Elected 1º Round | ||||
| 2018 | Brazilian Presidential Election | President | To Unite Brazil (PSDB,PP,PTB,PSD,PRB,PR,DEM,Solidarity,PPS) | Ana Amélia | PP | 5,096,277 | 4.76% | Lost 1º Round | ||||
| 2022 | Brazilian Presidential Election | PSB | Vice-President | Brazil of Hope (Brazil of Hope (PT,PCdoB,PV),PSOL-REDE Federation (PSOL,REDE),PSB,Solidarity,Avante,Act,PROS) | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | PT | 57,259,504 | 48.43% | 2º Round | |||
| 60,345,999 | 50.90% | Elected 2º Round | ||||||||||
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