Georgia Ann Robinson | |
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| Born | Georgia Ann Hill (1879-05-12)May 12, 1879 Opelousas, Louisiana, United States |
| Died | September 21, 1961(1961-09-21) (aged 82) Los Angeles,California, United States |
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| Known for | First African-American woman police officer at theLAPD |
| Notable work | Founded a shelter for women and girls (Sojourner Truth Home) |
Georgia Ann Robinson (néeHill; May 12, 1879 – September 21, 1961) was an Americanpolice officer and community worker who was the firstAfrican American woman to be appointed a police officer at theLos Angeles Police Department (LAPD); she was also one of the first Black policewomen to be hired in the country. She joined the force in 1916 as a volunteer jail matron and was appointed an officer in 1919. She worked on juvenile andhomicide cases, as well as cases with black women. She often referred the people she came in contact with to social agencies. Her police career ended when she permanently lost her sight after being injured by a prisoner. Robinson was also an activist who founded the Sojourner Truth Home, a shelter for women and girls, while working on the force. After retiring, Robinson continued her community activism, working with theNAACP, volunteering in shelters, and campaigning todesegregate schools and beaches. She was married to Morgan Robinson, and had a daughter, Marian. She died inLos Angeles at the age of 82.
Georgia Ann Hill was born inOpelousas, Louisiana, on 12 May 1879. She wasbrought up first by an older sister, then in a convent. She moved toKansas when she was 18, working as agoverness. She married Morgan Robinson there, and the couple moved toColorado, and then toLos Angeles.[1][2]
In 1916, when theLos Angeles Police Department (LAPD) was facing a shortage of officers after many enlisted to fight inWorld War I, Robinson was recruited to leave her community work to join LAPD as a volunteer.[1][3] She worked as a jail matron for three years.[2]
Around this time, African American club women were working to get black women hired by the police.[4] Organizations like theNational Association of Colored Women's Clubs believed having black female police officers would both protect black women and girls fromwhite male violence and would help combatharmful stereotypes about black women being more sexually active/available.[4][5]
There were strict requirements for becoming a policewoman, such as being between age 30–44, being married, and holding a degree in education or nursing. Robinson was thirty-six years old, married, and had a degree in nursing, so she met all these requirements.[2][5] On 10 June 1919, Robinson was officially sworn in as a policewoman.[2] Robinson was the first Black woman to be sworn into the LAPD, and one of the first African American policewomen in the country.[2][5][6] Robinson worked with the first white female policewoman,Alice Stebbins Wells.[2]
The LAPD saw the hiring of black women as a type ofpolice reform, because they could deal with black female offenders.[2][3][4] Thus, Robinson primarily worked on juvenile and homicide cases, as well as cases involving black women.[2][3] Instead of arresting the women and girls she came in contact with, Robinson often sent them to social services. This was an early attempt at police reform, and one of the first times the LAPD sought to help the black community.[7] Robinson often allowed youth she met on the job to temporarily stay at her own home when they had nowhere else to go.[5][6][8]
Though juvenile cases were her specialty, Robinson dealt with any situation she encountered on the job. When there was a car crash on 18 September 1918, Robinson rescued two injured women and sent them to thehospital for treatment. Over the course of her career she also administeredfirst aid to a juror who collapsed in court, rescued kidnapped babies, and searched for kidnapped girls.[2]
As an official policewoman, Robinson was paid for her work. However, she was not given a gun, handcuffs, or a police car. Nevertheless, she still succeeded in taking people to jail when the need arose.[2]
Robinson's police career was cut short in 1928, when a prisoner banged her head into jail bars, causing a head injury so severe that she permanently lost her sight.[2][6] Twelve years after she began her career with the LAPD, Robinson retired.[2]
I have no regrets. I didn't need my eyes any longer. I had seen all there was to see.
Robinson was involved in activism throughout her life. As a young woman in Colorado, she was an activesuffragist.[9] In LA, Robinson was the first treasurer of the localNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter.[9][2] She also helped found the Sojourner Truth Home,[1] which focused on helping new black, female LA residents create strong connections in the city,[10] and volunteered with the Eastside Shelter for Women and Girls.[2][10]
Robinson single-handedly desegregated her daughter's high school graduation, ensuring the black students could participate in the ceremony equally with the white students.[2] Robinson also worked withH. Claude Hudson to desegregate Venice Beach by trying to put an end to “The Ink Spot,” the black section of the beach.[1][2]
She married Morgan Robinson in Kansas two weeks after they met.[2] In 1906, Robinson gave birth to their daughter, Marian.[1] She is said to have often brought underprivileged women and children home with her for dinner.[6] Robinson was interviewed byEbony Magazine in 1954.[8] She died in Los Angeles on 21 September 1961.[1]