Congolese academic and diplomat (born 1944)
Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja (born 3 February 1944) is a Congolese academic, author, and diplomat. He is a professor ofAfrican andAfro-American Studies at theUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , where he specialises in African and global studies. He was also thePermanent Representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the United Nations from 2022 until 2023.
Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja was born on 3 February 1944[ 1] inKasha, South Kivu in theBelgian Congo .[ 2] Nzongola-Ntalaja grew up at anAmerican Presbyterian Congo Mission (APCM) station in Kasha, near the state post ofLuputa .[ 3] Nzongola-Ntalaja's involvement in activism began during his teenage years when he participated in protests that demanded Congolese independence from Belgium.[ 4]
During the 1960s civil rights movement in the United States, there were calls forDavidson College to admit Black students, and Nzongola-Ntalaja was an exchange student inMinnesota at the time with plans to attendMacalester College . However, Davidson College's president,Grier Martin , contacted his host family and offered him a full scholarship. This made Nzongola-Ntalaja the second Black student to attend Davidson during its early attempts to promote diversity. He quickly became involved in American activism, participating incivil rights movement in the United States , pushing for the college to end discrimination against Black employees, and advocating for a more comprehensive curriculum.[ 5]
Nzongola-Ntalaja graduated with aBachelor of Arts degree in philosophy in 1967, before completing aMaster of Arts in diplomacy and international commerce in 1968 from theUniversity of Kentucky .[ 2] He later defended hisDoctor of Philosophy in political science in 1975 at theUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison .[ 2]
Nzongola-Ntalaja had teaching appointments in theUniversity of Kisangani ,Congo-Kinshasa from 1970 to 1971, theUniversity of Lubumbashi from 1971 to 1975,Clark-Atlanta University between 1975 and 1977, and theUniversity of Maiduguri in Nigeria between 1977 and 1978.[ 6] [ 2] He became a professor of African studies atHoward University between 1978 and 1997, and theJames K. Batten Professor of Public Policy at Davidson College, North Carolina, between 1998 and 1999. He was also a visiting professor atEl Colegio de Mexico in the summer of 1987.[ 6] [ 7] Nzongola-Ntalaja has been a professor in the Department of African-American and Diaspora Studies at theUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill since 2007.[ 8] [ 9] [ 10]
Nzongola-Ntalaja served as President of theAfrican Studies Association (ASA) of the United States in 1988,[ 11] as a member of the executive committee of theInternational Political Science Association (IPSA) from 1994 to 1997, and as President of theAfrican Association of Political Science (AAPS) from 1995 to 1997.[ 6] He was elected a Fellow of theAfrican Academy of Sciences in 1988.[ 7]
Nzongola-Ntalaja has extensive research onAfrican politics ,[ 12] [ 13] [ 14] [ 5] development, and conflict issues,[ 15] and has authored several books and numerous articles on these topics.[ 8] One of his most notable works isThe Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People's History ,[ 16] which provides a comprehensive history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from the colonial period to the present day.[ 17] [ 18] The book won the 2004 Best Book Award from the African Politics Conference Group,[ 19] [ 20] and was featured onThe Guardian ' s Top 10 books onneocolonialism .[ 21] He has also written extensively aboutabuses under the Congo Free State ,[ 22] [ 20] which he refers to as "the Congo holocaust",[ 23] and given aTED-Ed talk on the topic.[ 24]
Nzongola-Ntalaja's open opposition to the dictatorMobutu Sese Seko and his regime inZaire made him a target of intimidation and even death threats. He was subjected to lengthy interrogations by the Security Police.[ 25] In response, he chose to return to the US and live in voluntary exile for a period of 17 years.[ 5] [ 25]
Nzongola-Ntalaja has been a member of theAfrican National Congress (ANC) and the CongolesePeople's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy (PPRD) since 1991.[ 5] He has also been a vocal critic of authoritarianism and corruption in the country, and has called for greater democracy andhuman rights protections in the Congo .[ 17] [ 18]
Nzongola-Ntalaja has been involved in politics and contributed to his country's shift away from Mobutu's authoritarian rule. In 1992, he participated as a representative in the Sovereign National Conference of Congo/Zaire,[ 25] followed by serving as a Diplomatic Advisor to the Transitional Government led by Prime MinisterÉtienne Tshisekedi . Additionally, in 1996, he was appointed as the Deputy President of the National Electoral Commission of the DRC, where he served as the primary representative of the opposition on the commission.[ 6] Nzongola-Ntalaja has also worked for the United Nations. He was the Director of theOslo Governance Center from 2002 to 2005.[ 26] In 2005, he led a team of experts tasked with developing a peace and security framework for theGreat Lakes Region .[ 27]
Nzongola-Ntalaja was thePermanent Representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the United Nations , having presented his credentials to UN Secretary-GeneralAntónio Guterres on 13 January 2022.[ 27] [ 28] In June 2022, Nzongola-Ntalaja asked the Security Council to demand an unconditional withdrawal of theM23 fromBunagana and parts ofRutshuru territory in eastern Congo during theUnited Nations Security Council meeting.[ 29] [ 30] The M23 is a rebel group that was defeated by the Congolese Armed Forces and the United Nations in 2013, but reemerged in November 2021.[ 31] Congolese officials blame neighbouring Rwanda for supporting the M23, while Rwanda denies any links to the group.[ 32] [ 33] However, he dismissed Rwandan concerns about the existence ofDemocratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda in DRC.[ 34] On 26 October 2022, Nzongola-Ntalaja accused Rwanda of occupying the DRC between 1998 and 2003 and committing atrocities, including plundering the Congolese economy and stealingchimpanzees and other animals.[ 35] [ 36] [ 37] On 9 January 2023, Nzongola-Ntalaja was replaced byZenon Mukongo Ngay .[ 38]
Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges; Magubane, Bernard Makhosezwe, eds. (1983).Proletarianization and class struggle in Africa . Contemporary Marxism series. San Francisco: Synthesis Publications.ISBN 978-0-89935-019-6 . Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (1986).The Crisis in Zaire: Myths and Realities . Africa World Press.ISBN 978-0-86543-023-5 . Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (1987).Revolution and counter-revolution in Africa : essays in contemporary politics . London: Institute for African Alternatives.ISBN 0-86232-750-4 .OCLC 17622087 . Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (1991).Conflict in the Horn of Africa . African Studies Association Press.ISBN 978-0-918456-65-6 . Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (1993).Nation-building and state building in Africa . Occasional paper series. SAPES Trust. Harare: SAPES Books.ISBN 978-1-77905-012-0 . Krieger, Joel; Joseph, William A.; Paul, James A.; Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (1993).The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World . Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-505934-2 . Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (1997).Le mouvement démocratique au Zaïre, 1956-1996 (in French). UNAM.ISBN 978-968-36-5693-3 . Science, African Association of Political (1998).The State and Democracy in Africa . Africa World Press.ISBN 978-0-86543-638-1 . Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (2001).Africa in the New Millennium . Nordic Africa Institute.ISBN 978-91-7106-488-2 . Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (2004).From Zaire to the Democratic Republic of the Congo . Nordic Africa Institute.ISBN 978-91-7106-538-4 . Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (22 September 2006)."The history of democracy in DR Congo" .Soundings .34 (34):131– 146.doi :10.3898/136266206820466002 . Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (10 October 2013).The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People's History . Bloomsbury Publishing.ISBN 978-1-78032-939-0 . Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (2014).Patrice Lumumba . Ohio University Press.ISBN 9780821445068 . ^ "Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja" .The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill .Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved23 April 2023 .^a b c d "Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja - SourceWatch" .sourcewatch.org .Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved23 April 2023 .^ ROAPE (20 April 2021)."A People's Historian: an interview with Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja - ROAPE" .Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved11 April 2023 . ^ Shapiro, Ari; Valentine, Ashish; Mehta, Jonaki (20 June 2022)."Belgium returns remains of slain Congolese leader" .NPR .Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved23 April 2023 . ^a b c d Davidson College; USA894-2000, North Carolina 28035."Activist, Academic, Ambassador: Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja '67 Named to UN Post" .Davidson College .Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved23 April 2023 . {{cite web }}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link )^a b c d Bloomsbury.Domain.Store.Site."Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja: Bloomsbury Publishing (UK)" .www.bloomsbury.com .Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved23 April 2023 . ^a b "Nzongola-Ntalaja Georges | The AAS" .www.aasciences.africa .Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved23 April 2023 .^a b "Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja | Department of African, African American, and Diaspora Studies" . 4 February 2014.Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved11 April 2023 .^ Gettleman, Jeffrey (2 December 2011)."Firebrand Attracts Votes in Congo, Dismaying West" .The New York Times .ISSN 0362-4331 .Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved23 April 2023 . ^ Davidson, Davidson CollegeThe Davidson College wordmark; USA894-2000, North Carolina 28035."Activist, Academic, Ambassador: Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja '67 Named to UN Post" .Davidson .Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved11 April 2023 . {{cite web }}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link )^ "Past Presidents of the ASA" .African Studies Association Portal - ASA - ASA .Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved23 April 2023 .^ Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (1994)."Violation of Democratic Rights in Zaire" .African Issues .22 (2):9– 11.doi :10.2307/1166725 .ISSN 0047-1607 .JSTOR 1166725 .Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved23 April 2023 . ^ Science, African Association of Political (1998).The State and Democracy in Africa . Africa World Press.ISBN 978-0-86543-638-1 .Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved23 April 2023 . ^ Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (2004)."Citizenship, Political Violence, and Democratization in Africa" .Global Governance .10 (4):403– 409.doi :10.1163/19426720-01004002 .ISSN 1075-2846 .JSTOR 27800538 .Archived from the original on 12 November 2022. Retrieved23 April 2023 . ^ Maclean, Ruth; Dahir, Abdi Latif (1 July 2022)."Why Is There So Much Turmoil in Eastern Congo?" .The New York Times .ISSN 0362-4331 .Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved23 April 2023 . ^ Roberts, Sam (12 February 2015)."Christophe Gbenye, Radical Nationalist in Congo, Dies at 88" .The New York Times .ISSN 0362-4331 .Archived from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved23 April 2023 . ^a b "Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja | The Guardian" .the Guardian .Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved11 April 2023 .^a b Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (17 January 2011)."Patrice Lumumba: the most important assassination of the 20th century" .The Guardian .ISSN 0261-3077 .Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved11 April 2023 . ^ Dunn, Kevin C. (2002)."Review of The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People's History" .The International Journal of African Historical Studies .35 (2/3):577– 579.doi :10.2307/3097681 .ISSN 0361-7882 .JSTOR 3097681 .Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved11 April 2023 . ^a b "Reversing a Bloody Legacy" .www.wilsonquarterly.com .Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved11 April 2023 .^ Williams, Susan (28 October 2021)."Top 10 books on neocolonialism" .The Guardian .ISSN 0261-3077 .Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved23 April 2023 . ^ Koyi, Ikaba."Q&A: At 60, DRC still plagued by colonial mentality" .www.aljazeera.com .Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved23 April 2023 . ^ Maclean, Ruth; Peltier, Elian (8 June 2022)."Belgian King Returns Mask to Congo in Landmark Visit" .The New York Times .ISSN 0362-4331 .Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved23 April 2023 . ^ "History's deadliest king - Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja" .TED-Ed .Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved11 April 2023 .^a b c ROAPE (20 April 2021)."A People's Historian: an interview with Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja - ROAPE" .Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved23 April 2023 . ^ "Reversing a Bloody Legacy" .www.wilsonquarterly.com .Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved23 April 2023 .^a b "New Permanent Representative of Democratic Republic of Congo Presents Credentials | UN Press" .press.un.org .Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. 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