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Genealogies in the Bible

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There are variousgenealogies described in theBible.

Genesis

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Main article:Genealogies of Genesis

The book ofGenesis records the descendants ofAdam and Eve. The enumeratedgenealogy in chapters 4, 5, and 11, reports the lineal male descent toAbraham, including the age at which eachpatriarch fathered his named son and the number of years he lived thereafter. The genealogy forCain is given in chapter 4, and the genealogy forSeth is in chapter 5. The genealogy in chapter 10, recording the male descendants ofNoah, is known as theTable of Nations.

Family tree of Adam

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Further information:Generations of Adam
Adam[a]Eve[a]
Cain[a]Abel[b]Seth[c]
Enoch[d]Enos[e]
Irad[f]Kenan[g]
Mehujael[f]Mahalalel[h]
Methushael[f]Jared[i]
Adah[j]Lamech[f]Zillah[j]Enoch[k]
Jabal[l]Jubal[m]Tubal-Cain[n]Naamah[n]Methuselah[o]
Lamech[p]
Noah[q]
Shem[r]Ham[r]Japheth[r]
  1. ^abcGenesis 4:1
  2. ^Genesis 4:2
  3. ^Genesis 4:25; 5:3
  4. ^Genesis 4:17
  5. ^Genesis 4:26; 5:6–7
  6. ^abcdGenesis 4:18
  7. ^Genesis 5:9–10
  8. ^Genesis 5:12–13
  9. ^Genesis 5:15–16
  10. ^abGenesis 4:19
  11. ^Genesis 5:18–19
  12. ^Genesis 4:20
  13. ^Genesis 4:21
  14. ^abGenesis 4:22
  15. ^Genesis 5:21–22
  16. ^Genesis 5:25–26
  17. ^Genesis 5:28–30
  18. ^abcGenesis 5:32

Table of Nations

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Main article:Generations of Noah

The Table of Nations is an extensive list of descendants ofNoah found in chapter 10 of theBook of Genesis, representing anethnology from anIron AgeLevantine perspective.[citation needed]

Family tree of Abraham

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Further information:Abraham's family tree
Noah
Shem[1]HamJapheth
ElamAshurArphaxadLudAramUnnamed daughters
Salah
Eber
PelegJoktan
ReuAlmodadShelephHazarmavethJerahHadoram
SerugUzalDiklahObalAbimaelSheba
NahorOphirHavilahJobab
Terah
Sarah[2]Abraham[3]HagarHaran[3]
KeturahNahor[3]
Ishmael[4]Milcah[3]Lot[3]Iscah[3]
6 sons
Ishmaelites7 sons[5]Bethuel1st daughter2nd daughter
IsaacRebekahLabanMoabitesAmmonites
EsauJacobRachel
Bilhah
EdomitesZilpah
LeahPotipherah
1.Reuben7.Gad5.Dan12.JosephAsenath
2.Simeon8.Asher6.Naphtali13.Benjamin
3.Levi
4.Judah
9.IssacharManassehEphraim
10.Zebulun
11.Dinah


Family tree of Levi

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LeviAdinah[a]
GershonKehathMerari
LibniShimeiIzharHebronUzzielMahliMushi
Jochebed[b]AmramMishaelElzaphanZithri
MiriamAaronMosesZipporah
GershomEliezer
  1. ^In theMasoretic Text, Levi's wife is not named. She is called Adina in theSeptuagint and Adinah in theBook of Jasher (Chapter 45, Verse 5-6), which also says that she was a daughter of Jobab, the son of Yoktan, the son of Eber.
  2. ^Jochebed is described as Levi's daughter, and thus her husband Amram's aunt, in theBook of Numbers (Numbers 26:59), theMasoretic Text ofExodus 6:20 and theBook of Jasher (Chapter 67, Verse 2-3). However, some manuscripts of the Septuagint Book of Exodus instead call her Amram's father's cousin, and others state that she was Amram's cousin.

Genealogy of Jesus in the New Testament

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Main article:Genealogy of Jesus

TheNew Testament provides two accounts of the genealogy of Jesus, one in theGospel of Matthew and another in theGospel of Luke.[6][non-primary source needed] Matthew starts withAbraham, while Luke begins withAdam.{Luke 3:23-38} The lists are identical between Abraham andDavid but differ radically from that point.[citation needed] Matthew has twenty-seven generations from David toJoseph, whereas Luke has forty-two, with almost no overlap between the names on the two lists.[citation needed]⁠ Notably, the two accounts also disagree on who Joseph's father was: Matthew says he was Jacob, while Luke says he was Heli.[7][non-primary source needed]

Traditional Christian scholars (starting with the historianEusebius[8]) have put forward various theories that seek to explain why the lineages are so different,[9] such as that Matthew's account follows the lineage of Joseph, while Luke's follows his legal lineage through his biological uncle viaLevirate marriage ("Matthan, whose descent is traced to Solomon, begot Jacob, Matthan dying, Matthat, whose lineage is from Nathan, by marrying the widow of the former, had Heli. Hence, Heli and Jacob were brothers by the same mother."[10]) Some modern critical scholars likeMarcus Borg andJohn Dominic Crossan claim both genealogies as inventions, to bring theMessianic claims into conformity with Jewish criteria.[11]However, it is not unusual, since ancient genealogies often skip generations that are not of particular interest to the topic at hand.[citation needed]

Comparison of the genealogies

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The following table is a side-by-side comparison of the genealogies found in Genesis 5&11, Ruth 4, 1Chronicles 1-3, Matthew 1 and Luke 3.

Comparison of genealogies
Luke 3[12]1 Chronicles 1-3[13]Genesis 5, 11[14]Ruth 4[15]Matthew 1[16]
God-JesusAdam-ZerubbabelGod-PerezPerez-DavidDynastic & Selective Bloodline
  1. God
  1. Adam
  1. Seth
  1. Enos
  1. Cainan
  1. Mahalaleel
  1. Jared
  1. Enoch
  1. Methuselah
  1. Lamech
  1. Noah
  1. Shem
  1. Arphaxad
  1. Cainan
  1. Shelah
  1. Eber
  1. Peleg
  1. Reu
  1. Serug
  1. Nahor
  1. Terah
  1. Abraham
  1. Isaac
  1. Jacob
  1. Judah
  1. Perez
  1. Hezron
  1. Arni
  1. Amminadab
  1. Nahshon
  1. Salmon
  1. Boaz
  1. Obed
  1. Jesse
  1. David
  1. Nathan
  1. Mattatha
  1. Menna
  1. Melea
  1. Eliakim
  1. Jonam
  1. Joseph
  1. Judah
  1. Simeon
  1. Levi
  1. Matthat
  1. Jorim
  1. Eliezer
  1. Joshua
  1. Er
  1. Elmodam
  1. Cosam
  1. Addi
  1. Melchi
  1. Neri
  1. Shealtiel
  1. Zerubbabel
  1. Rhesa
  1. Joannan
Shecaniah
Abiud
  1. Joda
Shemaiah
  1. Josech
Neariah
Eliakim
  1. Semei
Elioenai
  1. Mattathias
Hodaviah
Azor
  1. Maath
  1. Nagge
Zadok
  1. Esli
  1. Naum
  1. Amos
Achim
  1. Mattathias
  1. Joseph
Eliud
  1. Jannai
  1. Melchi
Eleazar
  1. Levi
  1. Matthat
Matthan
  1. Heli
Jacob
  1. Joseph
  1. Jesus Christ

See also

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References

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  1. ^https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.11.11?lang=bi&aliyot=0
  2. ^Abraham claimed once that Sarah was hishalf-sister (Genesis 20:12). An alternative tradition holds that she was Abraham's niece (seeSarah#In rabbinic literature).
  3. ^abcdefGenesis 11:27–29
  4. ^Genesis 16:15
  5. ^Genesis 22:21–22: Uz, Buz, Kemuel, Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, and Jidlaph
  6. ^Matthew 1:1–16;Luke 3:23–38
  7. ^Matthew 1:16;Luke 3:23
  8. ^Eusebius Pamphilius,Church history, Life of Constantine §VII.
  9. ^R. T. France,The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary (Eerdmans, 1985) page 71-72.
  10. ^Eusebius Pamphilius,Ecclesiastical History Book 1, Chapter 7, 2nd paragraph, 2nd Sentence, pg. 21.
  11. ^Marcus J. Borg, John Dominic Crossan, The First Christmas (HarperCollins, 2009) page 95.
  12. ^Luke 3:23–38.
  13. ^1 Chronicles 1.
  14. ^Genesis 5.
  15. ^Ruth 4:18–22.
  16. ^Matthew 1:1–16.

External links

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Abrahamic
Biblical
Book of Genesis
Book of Ruth
Books of Kings
New Testament
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