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Thegene pool is the set of allgenes, orgenetic information, in anypopulation, usually of a particularspecies.[1]
A large gene pool indicates extensivegenetic diversity, which is associated with robust populations that can survive bouts of intenseselection. Meanwhile, lowgenetic diversity (seeinbreeding andpopulation bottlenecks) can cause reducedbiological fitness and an increased chance ofextinction, although as explained bygenetic drift new genetic variants, that may cause an increase in thefitness of organisms, are more likely to fix in the population if it is rather small.
When all individuals in a population are identical with regard to a particularphenotypic trait, the population is said to be 'monomorphic'. When the individuals show several variants of a particular trait they are said to bepolymorphic.
The Russian geneticistAlexander Sergeevich Serebrovsky first formulated the concept in the 1920s asgenofond (gene fund), a word that was imported to the United States from the Soviet Union byTheodosius Dobzhansky, who translated it into English as "gene pool."[2]
Harlan and de Wet (1971) proposed classifying each crop and its related species by gene pools rather than by formal taxonomy.[3]
Gene pool centres refers to areas on the earth where important crop plants and domestic animals originated. They have an extraordinary range of the wild counterparts of cultivated plant species and useful tropical plants.Gene pool centres also contain different sub tropical and temperate region species.
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