Nearly 48,000 demonstrations[b] have been held globally,[c] making up 15% of all demonstrations worldwide. Only approximately 1% of all Gaza war protests have turned violent.[24]
Israeli citizens participated in public protests related to war policies.[7] Jewish Israeli anti-war activists experienced targeting by far-right groups,[25] whilePalestinian citizens of Israel experienced crackdowns on free speech, with people arrested for social media posts and likes.[25] Anti-war protests erupted in theTriangle andGalilee, with Israeli police repressing demonstrators inUmm El Fahm, a city in the Triangle.[26] In March, another protest occurred in the city, urging Israel to "end its criminal war"[27]
A hostage-solidarity rally inTel Aviv on 14 October criticized the government's handling of the war and called on Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu to resign.[8][28][29] The next day, communications ministerShlomo Karhi proposed emergency regulations allowing for the arrest of people who hurt "national morale".[30] Following a rally in support of Gaza inHaifa, police commissionerKobi Shabtai threatened to send antiwar protesters to the Gaza Strip on buses.[31] On 28 October, a mob of Israelis gathered atNetanya Academic College chanting "death to Arabs" at Palestinian students living in the campus dormitories.[19][32][33]
On 4 November, protests were held near Netanyahu's residence.[34][35] On 8 November, theIsrael Supreme Court allowed police to bar all anti-war protests.[36] On 9 November, Israeli police arrested former member of theKnessetMohammad Barakeh inNazareth for attempting to organize an anti-war protest.[37][38] In an interview withTime Magazine, Barakeh described Israel's crackdowns on free speech asfascist.[39] On 18 November, Israel held its first permitted anti-war protest inTel Aviv.[40]
TheKnesset criminalized the "consumption of terrorist materials" on 8 November.[41] Civil rights groups criticized the bill, stating it "invades the realm of personal thoughts and beliefs".[42] On 2 December, an attorney atAdalah, an Israeli legal center, stated law enforcement was using the law to surveil and silence people, whileAssociation for Civil Rights in Israel said it was "unprecedented in democratic countries".[43]
On 20 November,Kan 11 posted and then deleted a video produced by a private NGO, showing children who were evacuated fromGaza envelope settlements singing "we'll eliminate them all and go back to plowing our fields".[44] On 23 November, communications minister Shlomo Karhi proposed defunding the newspaperHaaretz due to its "defeatist and false propaganda".[45][46] On 23 November, ahead of thehostage-swap, National Security MinisterItamar Ben Gvir stated that any "expressions of joy" related to the release of Palestinian prisoners was "equivalent to backing terrorism".[47]
On 25 November, protesters inJerusalem called on Netanyahu to resign.[48] Jews and Israelis abroad participated in protests both supporting and protesting the Israeli response in the war.[49][50] On 29 November, police arrested activists at a Knesset protest opposing the government.[51] Six were arrested on 2 December protesting outside Netanyahu's house inCaesarea.[52][53] A suspected arson-originated fire was reported at a protest camp for the families of hostages held in Gaza; the families experienced harassment from right-wing Netanyahu supporters.[54][55]
On 16 December, protesters set up tents outside theIsraeli Defense Ministry in Tel Aviv and stated they would not leave until the government took up hostage negotiations again.[56] Two activists inHaifa were arrested for quietly protesting against the war.[57]
Anti-war protest in Tel Aviv, Israel, 22 July 2025
On 26 December 2023, Israeli teenager Tal Mitnick was sentenced to 30 days in jail for refusing the draft for the war which he condemned as "a revenge campaign... not only against Hamas, but against all Palestinian people". This comment was shared by one of several support groups forconscientious objectors to the IDF.[58]
In August 2025, a nationwide protest billed as a "day of struggle" was seen across Israel with protestors calling for a hostage and ceasefire deal. The largest protest was seen in Tel Aviv with more than 300,000 people attending the protest according to organizers, with many expressing doubt in Netanyahu's government.[59]
Open letters
Some groups in Israel expressed support for the war. Dozens ofrabbis signed a letter to Netanyahu and senior defence officials stating that "even when the enemy hides behind ahuman shield... there is nohalakhic or moral preclusion, nor legal preclusion, from bombing the enemy after sufficient advance warning".[60][61]
A group of 100 doctors called "Doctors for the Rights of Israeli Soldiers", signed a statement stating Israel had a "legitimate right" to bomb "terror nests andHamas headquarters in the hospitals in Gaza".[62] This prompted a harsh reply from the acting head of the ethics office at theIsrael Medical Association, Dr. Tami Karni, who wrote that "doctors are sworn to heal, not kill... Israel's doctors have refused to be dragged into the consciental and moral decline of the enemy, and will continue to act accordingly". The White Robes, an organization which numbers in the hundreds, decried the letter as a "provocative pamphlet by an extremist minority", stating that "calls for indiscriminate destruction and killing, even if justified militarily, are not part of the medical ethical code".Physicians for Human Rights published an open letter signed by 350 physicians and medical personnel, which also condemns the aforementioned call.[63][64]
In September 2023, over 200 Israeli youth released an open letter entitledYouth Against Dictatorship, announcing that they would refuse to serve.[65]
Palestine
Palestinian protesters in the Gaza Strip, 16 October 2023. Photo byAnas Al-Sharif.
West Bank and East Jerusalem
On 12 October 2023,Hamas called for Palestinians to protest inEast Jerusalem and theWest Bank, encouraging demonstrations at theAl-Aqsa Mosque.[66] They also called for protests in neighboring countries and around the world, urging Muslim communities to rally in support of Gaza.[67][68]
After theAl-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion, protests broke out in the West Bank in support of Gaza.[69] On 27 October, hundreds rallied inRamallah to support Gaza, despite fears ofsettler violence.[70] On 1 November 2023, ageneral strike was observed in the West Bank andEast Jerusalem in opposition to the Israeli attacks on Gaza.[71] On 5 November, protesters in Ramallah protested US Secretary of StateAntony Blinken's visit to the West Bank, holding signs reading "Blinken, blood is on your hands".[72] On 17 November 2023, Israeli forces firedtear gas on anti-war protestors inHebron.[73]
On 11 December 2023, Palestinians in the West Bank and East Jerusalem went on a general strike as part of a larger global strike for a ceasefire;[74] the action also led to the closure of establishments, educational institutions, and administrative buildings in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem.[75] Palestinian activists and grassroots organizations urged for a worldwide strike. The call for action, which gained momentum through social media, aims to encompass "all facets of public existence" and was considered on 11 December.[76]
On 23 December 2023, the Christmas nativity scene inBethlehem honored the deceased in Gaza.[77][78] Boy and Girl Scouts in the West Bank displayed a banner commemorating the child victims of the war during Christmas Eve celebrations.[79] Protesters in Ramallah carried a banner with the names of thousands of the deceased in Gaza on 1 January 2024.[80] On 3 January 2024, Palestinians held a general protest in the West Bank.[81] On 10 January, Palestinians gathered at Nelson Mandela Square in Ramallah to express support forSouth Africa v. Israel, a lawsuit charging Israel withgenocide in Gaza at theInternational Court of Justice.[82] On 7 February, protesters demonstrated at UN headquarters in Ramallah against the suspension of aid.[83]
On 9 February 2024, Palestinians and Israelis protesting in support of a ceasefire were reportedly attacked by police in the West Bank.[84] On 10 February, Israeli police broke up a Gaza peace protest inJericho.[85] Paramedics in the West Bank protested against the Israeli killing of twoPalestinian Red Crescent emergency respondents killed while attempting to rescueHind Rajab.[86] Protesters demonstrated in Ramallah on 17 February 2024.[87] In March 2024, the city ofJericho unveiled a street named afterAaron Bushnell, a U.S. servicemen who self-immolated in protest of U.S. support for Israel.[88] Large protests were held inArraba, Jenin in protest of the Israeli killing of a man named Muhammad Jaber.[89] On 21 March 2024, residents in Jenin went on strike in protest of the killing of three young men.[90] On 26 March 2024, video showed hundreds of people inNur Shams refugee camp protesting against Israeli actions in Gaza.[91] In August 2024, a report by7amleh found that young Palestinians in the West Bank and East Jerusalem were self-censoring online due to fears of repercussions.[92]
In January 2024, theJewish News Syndicate reported that in a rare protest against Hamas, dozens of Gazan children held up signs outsideDeir al-Balah'sal-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital, asking Hamas to free Israeli hostages and end the war, expressing their desire to return home. The IDF'sArabic spokesmanAvichay Adraee shared a recording of the protest onX, tweeting "Will these cries and demands reach the hideouts of Hamas leaders?". The protest occurred a day after another small protest against Hamas inRafah where Palestinians cursed Hamas andYahya Sinwar. Organized demonstration against Hamas is not allowed in Gaza.[96][better source needed] In February 2024,Sveriges Radio reported on some small spontaneous protests by desperate Gazans against Hamas.[97]
A small group of children inRafah held their own protest in advance of a plannedRafah offensive in February 2024, holding signs in English that read "We refuse to die" and "Save us from this genocide".[98] Protesters atUNRWA headquarters inJabalia called for more food, chanting, "We want flour, we want flour".[99] Children in Rafah again held their own protest against theGaza Strip famine on 6 March, holding a banner reading "Stop our daily death".[100]
In August 2025, hundreds of Palestinians inGaza City staged rallies, calling for an end of the war and halting Israel's advance in the Gaza Strip.[102]
Africa
Algeria
Protests were held inAlgiers on 19 October 2023 denouncingUS PresidentJoe Biden, Israeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu and Arab countries that havenormalized relations with Israel for "complicity" in the violence in Gaza.[103] Protests in support of Palestinians were held again on 14 March 2024.[104]
Botswana
In October and November 2023, marches were held in the capital,Gaborone to show solidarity with the Palestinians.[105][106]
Djibouti
Hundreds of people, including foreign nationals, participated in a pro-Palestine march inArta in November 2023.[107]
Ghana
A National March for Palestine was held inAccra on 2 November, drawing thousands of participants.[108][109][110]
Kenya
A protest in solidarity with Palestine was held inNairobi on 25 January 2024 but was dispersed by police using tear gas.[111][112] A pro-Palestine protest was also held on 14 March inMombasa. Demonstrators showcased banners and waved the Palestinian flag, while slogans like "Cease the Violence", "End the Suffering of Innocent Lives" and "United with Gaza" were displayed.[113]
Libya
In May 2024, students, faculty members, and employees at theUniversity of Tripoli organized a demonstration in support of Palestine.[114] In January 2025, dozens of Libyans inTripoli,Misrata and other cities organized protests when an interview by theGovernment of National Unity's former Foreign Minister,Najla El Mangoush was broadcast on Al Jazeera, in which she said the government of Prime MinisterAbdul Hamid Dbeibeh had coordinated her secret meeting with Israeli Foreign MinisterEli Cohen in Rome in August 2023.[115]
Malawi
In November 2023, hundreds of people inBlantyre protested against Israel's war on Gaza.[116]
Mauritania
In October 2023, hundreds of people joined a pro-Palestine rally and marched throughNouakchott.[117]
Morocco
On 19 November, protests were held inTangier in support of Palestine, demanding an end to thenormalization of ties between Morocco and Israel.[118] A similar protest was held inCasablanca on 26 November.[119] Protesters in February 2024 called for the end of normalization with Israel, holding banners that read, "Normalisation is treason".[120] InRabat, thousands marched in solidarity with the Palestinian people.[121] On 28 June, protests were held in Tangier after Morocco granted an Israeli warship entry to its port.[122] Demonstrations were also held inFez,Meknes,Kenitra,Agadir,Berkane,Oujda andJerada.[123] Protesters held banners and chanted slogans in support of Palestinians.[124] On 6 October 2024, a large demonstration broke out in Rabat with people calling for the end of normalization with Israel.[125] On 20 April 2025, nearly 1,000 people in Tangier protested against a planned docking of aMaersk cargo ship that was carrying parts ofLockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II aircraft to Israel.[126]
Nigeria
Around 50,000 protesters held a rally expressing solidarity with Palestine organized by the Conference of Islamic Organisations atGani Fawehinmi Park,Lagos on 21 October. They demanded the Nigerian government halt the diplomatic relations with Israel until a two-state solution was reached.[127][128] Hundreds of members of theIslamic Movement of Nigeria protested on the streets ofKaduna against Israel's invasion of Gaza on 16 November. The protest resulted in clashes with police that left one person dead and several others injured. Police and the IMN both blamed each other for the death.[12] Another INM protest inAbuja on 28 March 2025 resulted in clashes with police that left five INM members and one police officer dead.[11]
Senegal
On 4 November 2023, 200 protesters gathered outside theGrand Mosque inDakar carrying the Palestinian flag and placards denouncing genocide in Gaza.[129] On 4 May 2024, pro-Palestinian marches and demonstrations were held in Dakar.[130] On 26 May, hundreds protested at the Palestinian embassy in Dakar.[131]
On 13 April 2025, hundreds of people gathered at a pro-Palestine demonstration in Dakar to protest against Israel's actions in Gaza.[132] On 27 May, Israel's ambassador to Senegal, Yuval Waks, was forced to leaveCheikh Anta Diop University after students protested his presence for a conference on international relations.[133]
Seychelles
On 27 January 2024, members of the 'Seychelles for Palestine' organised a peaceful march inVictoria, calling for a ceasefire in Gaza.[134]
Somalia
On 20 October 2023, Somalis took to the streets inMogadishu to protest the Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip and to show solidarity with Palestinians, shouting slogans such as "Stop the war crime", "Free Free Palestine", and "We demand an end to the genocide in Gaza, Palestine."[135]
On 25 July 2025, as a part of theGaza day of action protests erupted in Mogadishu with protestors chanting againstIsrael's starvation of Gaza.[136]
On 11 November, thousands marched in Cape Town demanding the expulsion of the Israeli ambassador and the closure of the Israeli embassy.[138] On 11 January 2024, a statue ofDesmond Tutu wearing akeffiyeh was erected inCape Town.[139] On 13 January, protesters marched to the US consulate inJohannesburg to demand a ceasefire.[140]
Tanzania
In July 2024, several activists and influencers inZanzibar showed solidarity with Palestinians.[141]
Tunisia
Thousands gathered outside the French embassy inTunis to protest Western support for Israel, chanting that "the French and the Americans are partners in the attack" against Palestinians. Some expressed support for Hamas, by shouting "Dear (Ezzedine) al-Qassam (Brigades), destroyTel Aviv", in reference to the movement's military wing. A similar protest occurred outside the US embassy in Tunis' northern suburbs.[142] An estimated 3,000 people participated in the demonstrations.[143] On 31 July 2024, a crowd marched inSfax in support of Palestine,[144] Another protest was held in Tunis after theassassination of Hamas leaderIsmail Haniyeh.[145]
Asia
Afghanistan
On 13 October, demonstrators gathered at theEidgah Mosque inKabul to express support for Palestine.[146]
Activists fromIslami Andolan Bangladesh staged protests against Israel's military actions in Gaza and expressed their solidarity with the Palestinian people in front of theBaitul Mukarram National Mosque inDhaka.[16] The protesters held banners reading "Free Palestine" and "Stop Genocide".[148] On 9 May 2024, protests were held in Dhaka demanding the end of the "genocide in Palestine".[149]
On 7 April 2025, nationwide protests were held in solidarity with the "Global Strike for Gaza" campaign. Many educational institutions voluntarily closed to support the global "No Work, No School" campaign.[150] Protests were also held in front of the US Embassy in Dhaka, after which the embassy issued a "protest alert" for Americans residing in Bangladesh.[151]
On 6 November 2023, more than 8,000 people gathered for a peace walk inTaman Mahkota Jubli Emas to show solidarity with the Palestinians.[155] On 12 November, around 80 people held a march inKampong Kapok to show solidarity with the Palestinians.[156]
Cambodia
In September 2024 duringPchum Ben, more than 100 people gathered inPhnom Penh to express solidary with the people of Palestine.[157]
China
In Chinese media interviews with students who just finished the 2024Gaokao (China's national undergraduate admission exam), some students expressed prayers for peace in the Middle East and solidarity with Palestine. Videos posted online showed students displaying the Palestinian flag or stating in interviews that "from the river to the sea, Palestine will be free." By the last day of the exam, many of the original interview clips had been taken down, but clips that were later reposted by individual netizens were not deleted.[158]
Hong Kong
On 4 November 2023, anti-war activists rallied nearHong Kong's Israeli consulate, displaying a list of thousands of Palestinians killed by Israel's bombardment of the Gaza Strip. Five demonstrators from HK Anti-war Mobilization gathered inAdmiralty, holding signs reading "Stand with Palestine," whilst chanting "Israeli army destroyed Gaza." Plainclothes police officers were on the scene, as the activists held a three-minute silence.[159]
Georgia
In October 2023, a pro-Israel rally was held at theGreat Synagogue inTbilisi to express solidarity with Israel.[160] On 31 October, about a hundred people attended a pro-Palestine rally inMarneuli to protest against Israel's actions in Gaza.[161]
India
On 13 October, pro-Palestinian protests erupted in three cities. InHyderabad, people chanted slogans like "Long live Palestine" and "Gaza will never die" and police, upon arriving on the scene, broke up the protest and removed demonstrators from the spot. InBudgam district,Jammu and Kashmir, protesters chanted slogans against Israel and the United States, one of which was "We stand with Palestine".[162] To avoid unrest, the main mosque inSrinagar was closed duringFriday prayers.[163] InLucknow, a cleric accused Israel of committing war crimes on Palestine and appealed to Prime MinisterNarendra Modi to intervene in the war and bring a halt to the hostilities in Gaza.[162] Pro-Palestinian rallies later experienced a crackdown by Indian police while pro-Israeli protests were allowed.[164][165]
Several pro-Palestinian demonstrators were also detained while trying to protest inDelhi.[166]
On 26 October, a pro-Palestine rally was held inKozhikode,Kerala, which drew 200,000 people and was organized by theIndian Union Muslim League. Another rally on 11 November drew 50,000 participants and was organized by theCommunist Party of India (Marxist) and inaugurated by Chief MinisterPinarayi Vijayan, during which he denounced what he called the "Zionist bias" of the Modi government and called on it to sever military agreements and diplomatic relations with Israel.[167]
On 19 September, more than 5,000 people joined a pro-Palestine rally inPudupet,Chennai to protest against Israel's actions in Gaza.[169] The event was organised by the Coalition of Periyarists with demonstrators chanted "Free Palestine" and "FreeTamil Eelam".[170]
Abu Bakar Ba'asyir, one of the suspects of the2002 Bali bombings, joined protests inSolo. In a speech with protesters holdingPalestinian flags, he said that "we cannot be weak in facing Israel" and that "hopefully, amongst these young people, there are some ready to be sent to (Palestinian territories)".[163] On 20 October, around 300 members of the Solidarity Committee for Palestine and Yemen held a pro-Palestine protest in front of theUS Embassy inJakarta and later marched into the UN Office.[171] The Indonesian Coalition to Defend Baitul Maqdis carried a protest in solidarity for Palestine on 28 October in front of the US Embassy.[172] InPalu, 500 people held a protest expressing support for Palestine in front of aMcDonald's restaurant on 27 October and demanded to meet the management.[173][174]
On 13 January 2024, thousands of people rallied at theUS embassy in Jakarta as a part of the "global day of action".[178] On 3 August 2024, people gathered at the US embassy in Jakarta to express their support for Palestinians after the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh.[179]
On 6 October 2024, people rallied in Jakarta in solidarity with Palestine and Lebanon duringIsrael's incursion.[180]
On 15 June 2025, a pro-Palestine rally was held inJakarta to protest against Israel's attacks on Gaza.[181]
Japan
On 11 October, a pro-Israel rally was held in theShibuya district of Tokyo attended by Israeli diplomats.[182][183]
Members of theJapanese Muslim community demonstrated in front of the Israeli Embassy inTokyo holding signs and chanting slogans such as "Israel, Terrorists" and "Free Palestine".[163] There were also demonstrations inKyoto on 19 November.[118]
On 20 November, around 1,500 protesters demonstrated in Tokyo calling for a ceasefire to "Save Gaza".[184] In December, about 1,200 people gathered in Tokyo to march in support of Israel.[185][186]
On 13 January 2024, as part of the "global day of action", hundreds gathered in Tokyo to protest against the Israeli war in Gaza and demanded a ceasefire.[187] A single protester in Tokyo has demonstrated alone for three months since November 2023 holding a banner reading "Stop Gaza Genocide".[188]
On 4 February, more than 50 pro-Palestinian protesters marched to call for a ceasefire in front of theAtomic Bomb Dome inHiroshima.[189]
On 11 May, hundreds of demonstrators marched at a pro-Palestine rally in Shibuya in Tokyo. Some chanted "From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free."[190]
On 15 July, dozens of people participated in a march in solidarity with Gaza inNamba,Osaka Prefecture.[191]
On 31 July,Nagasaki mayorShiro Suzuki disinvited representatives from Israel from the upcoming 79th annual commemoration of the US atomic bombing on the city.[192] Ambassadors to JapanRahm Emanuel andJulia Longbottom from the U.S. and U.K. respectively, refused to attend the Nagasaki ceremony in counter-protest.[193]
On 29 October 300 people joined the Palestinian community inBishkek in demonstrations funded by an Islamic publisher,Islamskiy Zhurnal Umma. Authorities did not try to stop the protest.[195]
Malaysia
Protest opposed to Israeli action in Gaza, 22 October, Kuala Lumpur
Around 15,000 people gathered inKuala Lumpur to express their disapproval of Israel's air attacks and land assault on Gaza. Protesters wore Palestinian keffiyeh scarves and raised placards with the words "Israel cuak" (meaning "Israel is frightened"). Additionally, two effigies covered in the Israeli flag were burned while the crowd chanted "Hidup Palestin" (meaning "long live Palestine") and "Hancur Zionist" (meaning "crush the Zionists").[196] 1,000 Muslims marched in Kuala Lumpur and 5,000 people marched inSungai Petani following Friday prayers to demonstrate support for Palestine on 13 October.[197][198] Nearly a thousand people demonstrated outside the US embassy in Kuala Lumpur on 13 January 2024;[199][200] waving Palestinian flags.[124] On 12 October, about 7,000 people attended a pro-Palestine march towards the US embassy to mark the one year anniversary of the Gaza war.[201]
In May 2025, more than 1,000 people marched through the streets of Kuala Lumpur and chanted "Free Palestine" and "Stop the genocide" to mark the 77th anniversary of theNakba.[202][203] On 21 June, thousands of people attended a pro-Palestine rally known asHimpunan 10K Malam Untukmu Palestin at theSultan Muhammad IV Stadium inKota Bharu,Kelantan.[204] On 16 August, more than 70 people gathered atDataran Merdeka to show solidarity and commemorate thejournalists killed in Gaza.[205] On 2 October, more than 3,000 people marched to the US embassy in Kuala Lumpur, demanding the release of Malaysian activists of theGlobal Sumud Flotilla intercepted by Israeli forces.[206] On 10 October, more than 1,000 boats by members of fishing associations inTumpat, Kota Bharu,Bachok, andKuala Besut took part in a convoy on theKelantan River in Kota Bharu to show solidarity with the people of Gaza.[207]
Maldives
On 13 October 2023, hundreds of Maldivians attended a pro-Palestine rally inMalé as a response to Israel's actions in Gaza.[208]
Nepal
On 10 October 2023, demonstrators outside the prime minister's office called for the evacuation of Nepalis in Israel.[209] On 20 October 2023, protesters outside of the Israeli embassy called for a ceasefire.[210] Participants included former Prime MinisterBaburam Bhattarai andNepal Socialist Party leaderHisila Yami.[211] On 30 October 2023, protesters inPatan Durbar Square inKathmandu called for a ceasefire, holding banners reading "Indigenous People of Nepal are with Palestine" and "South-South Solidarity".[212][213] On 31 October 2023, the Human Rights and Peace Society organized a demonstration outside the United Nations office inLalitpur calling on the organization to take action to protect civilian lives in Gaza and to release all hostages held by Hamas, including Nepali hostage Bipin Joshi.[214] On 29 March 2024, doctors and healthcare workers from theMaharajgunj Medical Campus held a protest outside the Israeli embassy, condemning thekilling of over 685 healthcare workers in Palestine and calling for a ceasefire.[215][216][217]
On 13 October 2023, public gatherings expressing support for Palestine were held followingFriday prayers. Various political and religious groups organized numerous protests in major cities such asKarachi,Lahore,Peshawar, and the capitalIslamabad.American andIsraeli flags were burned in the demonstrations.[218][219] On 13 January 2024, As a part of the "global day of action", large crowds gathered in front of the Lahore Press Club to protest against the war and call for a permanent ceasefire.[220]
Thousands of people, comprising women and children, assembled in Islamabad for the biggest pro-Palestine demonstration in Pakistan since the commencement of Israel's conflict with Gaza in October.[221] Demonstrators in Karachi displayed Palestinian flags and donned the keffiyeh during a gathering arranged byJamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, the nation's biggest religious political group.[222] On 3 August 2024, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan arranged another demonstrations inRawalpindi which takes place after the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh.[179]
InMindanao, protests were held inMarawi in solidarity with the Palestinians on 10 October.[224] On 16 October, 12,000–25,000 protesters took part in theBangsamoro Rally for Free Palestine inCotabato City. They also called for neighboring Arab countries to open their borders to refugees and for the United States to take a neutral stance on the issue.[225][226] Another grand solidarity rally was held on 19 October where various Moro groups in Marawi condemned thehospital explosion in Gaza[227]
Various leftist organizations, includingBayan Muna andGabriela Women's Party, also launched separate demonstrations in support of Palestine and urged for the end of Israel's occupation.[228] A demonstration on 31 October held by 500 protesters fromBagong Alyansang Makabayan at the Israeli embassy inTaguig reiterated support for Palestine, condemnation of genocide and what it called the subservience of the Philippine government to the United States.[229] The protesters at Taguig clashed with local police.[230] In response, Israeli ambassadorIlan Fluss insisted on Israel's right to defend itself and that the conflict was against Hamas rather than Palestine. He also equated Hamas toIslamic State.[231] Two hundred people from left-wing groups held another protest at theUS embassy in Manila on 14 November reiterating their solidarity with Palestinians and accusing the US of bearing "overwhelming responsibility" in the Gaza war.[232] They also clashed with the local police.[233]
Filipino Christians from various churches and organizations held a prayer vigil at the Philippine-Israel Friendship Marker at theQuezon Memorial Circle inQuezon City in solidarity with Israel and civilian casualties.[234] Students at theUniversity of the Philippines protested in support of a ceasefire.[235]
A march was held fromLuneta to theCCP Complex in Manila on 25 November to call for a ceasefire and an end to Israel's siege of Gaza.[236]
Singapore
On 2 February 2024, two separate events took place in support of Palestine, one of which involved "a group of about 70 people" gathering alongOrchard Road and marching towardthe Istana to deliver 130 letters to Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong while carrying umbrellas with watermelon patterns. In response, the police investigated the event as a public assembly organised without a permit, and warned against calls for similar protests at the upcomingSingapore Airshow.[237][238] On 27 June, three women were charged with organising a procession in a prohibited area in relation to the February 2024 Orchard Road march.[239] They were acquitted on 22 October 2025 after a judge ruled that the defendants were unaware that they were holding the event in a prohibited area.[240]
On the evening of 15 April, a group of three people held a banner with the text "End SG – Israel arms trade" from the OCBC Skyway atGardens by the Bay.[241]
On 17 October, around 500 Israelis and South Koreans gathered in central Seoul to show solidarity with Israel.[243][244] On 17 November, civic groups inSeoul laid out 2,000 pairs of shoes to symbolize the deaths of innocent civilians killed in Gaza, the occupiedWest Bank and Israel.[245] On 13 January 2024, as a part of the "global day of action", protestors marched in Seoul demanding for a ceasefire and an end to the Israeli war on Gaza.[246] On 20 July dozens of South Koreans inIncheon rallied in solidarity with Gaza.[247]
Sri Lanka
On 13 October, protesters held signs that read "Palestine you will never walk alone".[163]
On 14 November, 159Parliament members signed an open letter to UN secretary-generalAntónio Guterres demanding "necessary steps to be imposed on Israel to stop its onslaught, oppressions, and aggressions" against the Palestinian people; they also appealed to Western countries to stop supporting Israel and conform to international law "without hypocrisy and double standard".[248]
In December 2023, protesters expressed disappointment and frustration over their government's choice to dispatch migrant workers to Israel.[249]
Taiwan
Protests in Taiwan, in support for both Israel and Palestine has been ongoing since the start of the war.[250]
On 13 April 2025, civic and minor political groups in Taiwan such as theTaiwan Obasang Political Equality Party and theGreen Party Taiwan, demonstrated against the war in Gaza. Demonstrators marched to theMinistry of Foreign Affairs, calling on the government to defend human rights and freedom, issued an official statement condemning Israel's action, terminating all cooperation with Israel and ceased providing technology and materials to Israel for its war on Gaza.[251]
Thailand
On 22 October 2023, hundreds ofThai Muslims and Palestinians protested outside of Israeli embassy inBangkok to protest against Israel's actions in Gaza.[252] On 19 May 2024, about 60 people joined in a pro-Palestine rally outside the British, German and American embassies to protest of the countries' alleged support for Israel. The protest was organized by THAI for Palestine, the Palestine Solidarity Campaign (PSC) Thailand and Socialist Thai.[253] On 4 October 2025, several pro-Palestine protestors marched through Bangkok, demanding the suspension of Thai labor deployment to Israel, the prompt cancellation of all arms sales and defense agreements with Israel, and the vetting of all Israeli visitors for any links to the IDF.[254]
Uzbekistan
On 29 October 2023, around 100 people gathered atAmir Timur Square inTashkent to express solidarity with Palestine. Shortly after the demonstration, more than a hundred people were taken into custody by the police. The majority were shortly released afterwards, but three people were jailed for 15 days.[255][195]
Europe
Protest in front of theEuropean Commission branch in Barcelona, 7 January 2024Pro-Palestinian protest in centralStockholm, Sweden, 27 January 2024
In April 2025, a demonstration took place in Tirana against the visit of Albanian Prime MinisterEdi Rama to Israel.[258] In August 2025, some 300 Muslim religious leaders issued an open letter condemning Israeli actions as genocide, called for boycotts of companies involved in the war, solidarity with Palestinians and global action by the Muslim world.[259]
Austria
On 13 January 2024, a pro-Palestine march was held inVienna as part of the "global day of action".[260] Demonstrators carried Palestinian flags and also banners that read: "Hands off Rafah", "Immediate cease-fire" and "Stop the genocide in Gaza".[261] On 29 June 2024, protests were held in Vienna carrying Palestinian flags and banners and demanding an end to the bombardment of Gaza.[262]
On 10 December 2023, about 4,000 people in Brussels waved Belgian flags and demonstrated againstantisemitism amid concern over the rising number of antisemitic incidents in Europe from the Gaza war.[18] On 18 December, 27,000 demonstrators marched in Brussels on a national march calling for an immediate and permanent ceasefire in Gaza.[263]
On 21 January 2024, protesters inBrussels demonstrated against the war and called for a permanent ceasefire.[264] Ahead of a foreign ministers meeting in Brussels, a group of 100 prominent people, including former Irish presidentMary Robinson and former Swedish foreign ministerMargot Wallström, called on the EU to prevent the "unprecedented rate of civilian killing" in Gaza.[265]
In January 2025, around 7,000 demonstrators marched on the streets in Brussels, calling for a permanent ceasefire in Gaza and sanctions against Israel.[266] Another pro-Palestine demonstration was carried out in Brussels on 7 September, with between 70,000, and 120,000 in attendance.[267]
On 13 October 2023, Bulgarians and Palestinians gathered in front of theNational Palace of Culture inSofia to express solidarity with Palestinians, despite the city council banning the protest.[271]
On 15 October, a pro-Palestinian protest was held inLarnaca.[273] On 19 October, a protest in support of Gaza was held inNicosia.[274] On 20 October, another pro-Palestinian protest was organised by the Cyprus Peace Council, attended by 2,000 protestors as well as MPs, mayors, the general secretary ofAKEL and the Palestinian ambassador to Cyprus.[275][276] On 17 October, a pro-Israel rally was organised by the Israeli community.[277] Protests were held at the UK'sRAF Akrotiri base on 14 and 15 January 2024 after the base was used to launch airstrikes on Yemen.[278][279] The protesters carried a banner demanding a "Ceasefire" while another read "Stop funding genocide".[280]
Czech Republic
On 20 January 2024, between 1,200 and 1,400 people marched through the streets ofPrague in support of Palestine.[281] Another pro-Palestinian protest was held on 23 July, where several protestors blocked the entrance of the Representation of the European Commission in the Czech Republic, demanding a ceasefire in Gaza.[282]
Denmark
"Jews for a free Palestine" banner in Copenhagen, 2 February 2024
Protesters marched in support of Gaza inCopenhagen on 2 February 2024, chanting "Free Palestine" and "Palestine will never die".[283] The protesters called for an end to Israel's military attacks in Gaza. They also described the conflict as a genocide and urged politicians to step up their efforts in aiding the Palestinian populace.[284]
On 6 October 2024, people rallied in Copenhagen in solidarity with Palestine and Lebanon during Israel's incursion into Lebanese territory.[180]
On 24 August 2025, more than 10,000 people joined a pro-Palestine demonstration in Copenhagen, calling for an end of the war and urging the government torecognise Palestine as a state.[285]
Estonia
On 5 November 2023, a pro-Palestine demonstration was peacefully held inTallinn to express support of Palestine and calling for the Estonian government to condemn Israel's actions.[286]
Finland
Pro-Palestinian protest inHelsinki, Finland, 21 October 2023
On 19 November 2023, an estimated 4,000 people participated in a march in support of the Palestinian people inHelsinki. The march also called for an end to Israeli military action in Gaza and criticised the Finnish government's agreement to purchase a missile defense system from Israel.[287] In January 2024, 79 Finnish diplomats signed a letter to Foreign MinisterElina Valtonen, criticising the official response to the Israeli attacks on Gaza.[288] In February 2024, it was reported that participants would gather inMannerheimintie in Helsinki to protest, although authorities had not granted permission for any demonstrations.[289]
In the night preceding 12 October 2023,police fired tear gas and water cannons to disperse hundreds of pro-Palestinian demonstrators inParis[290] on a banned pro-Palestinian rally.[163]
On Thursday, 12 October 2023, in response to former Hamas leaderKhaled Mashal calling Muslims worldwide to stage protests in support of Palestinians in a "day of rage" on Friday 13 October, the French Interior MinisterGérald Darmanin imposed a ban on pro-Palestinian demonstrations because he expected such rallies to "disrupt public order".[290] The same day, theRepresentative Council of French Jewish Institutions organized a pro-Israel rally.[291] After Darmanin's ban on pro-Palestinian demonstrations, French PresidentEmmanuel Macron ,in a televised national address on the same day, urged restraint to France's Muslims and Jews,[290] urging all citizens to refrain from bringing the conflict to France.[163]
On 14 October 2023, French-Algerian journalistTaha Bouhafs [fr] was arrested while covering a pro-Palestine protest in Paris. He told+972 Magazine that people were getting "strangled by the police", and that the police fined him for participating in an "illegal demonstration" despite showing hispress card. He also claimed that the police threatened to break his legs if they saw him again at a protest.[292]
On 22 October 2023, France held its first authorized pro-Palestine rally, drawing 15,000 participants who chanted: "Gaza, Paris is with you."[293] On 12 November, over 100,000 people protested in response to the recentrise in antisemitism in Paris. Prime MinisterÉlisabeth Borne, the heads of France's upper and lower houses of parliament, former presidentsFrançois Hollande andNicolas Sarkozy, and several leading politicians joined the demonstrators. The presence of the far-rightNational Rally leaderMarine Le Pen, whose party has a history of antisemitism, caused criticism from some participants such as Borne, who is the daughter ofHolocaust survivors.[294]
On 21 January 2024, Paris police stopped and dispersed an automobile parade waving Palestinian flags.[295] On 22 January, MPLouis Boyard was verbally assaulted and threatened by a pro-Israeli activist.[296] A demonstration of hundreds of protestors occurred inMarseille in support of Palestine on 18 February.[297]
On 25 April 2024, students fromSorbonne University called on the French government to help Palestinians.[298] On 15, May people gathered around the Sorbonne to commemorateNakba Day.[299]
On 13 November 2024, violent protests erupted in Paris during a far-right pro-Israelgala that Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich was scheduled to attend.[300] The protests occurred on the eve of aUEFA match featuring visiting Israeli teamMaccabi Tel Aviv F.C., less than one week afterriots during and after their last game in Amsterdam caused an international incident.[301] Scuffles and altercations occurred during the match.[302]
On 25 May 2025, nearly 4,000 people gathered at thePlace de la République in Paris to show support for the Palestinians.[303]
Germany
Pro-Israel protest inHanover, 10 OctoberPro-Palestine protest in Berlin, 4 November
InBerlin, authorities banned a pro-Palestinian rally from being held.[304] A number of spontaneous demonstrations protesting the bombing of Gaza took place across the country, but were forcefully broken up by police.[305] Germany banned fundraising, the displaying of thePalestinian flag and the wearing of thekeffiyeh.[306]
On 24 February 2024, protesters in Berlin carried a sign reading, "Stop the Genocide".[308] InNeukölln, a neighborhood of Berlin, pro-Palestinian protesters described police crackdowns on protest that were "shocking and violent".[309] In late April, a camp was set up in Berlin in front of theBundestag in opposition to arms transfers to Israel.[310]
On 15 July, clashes broke out between police and over 600 pro-Palestinian protestors, Seven demonstrators and 17 police officers were hurt and 28 demonstrators were charged.[311] On 25 July, protests were held in Berlin, during which demonstrators recreated a scene from the Israeli bombardment of Gaza.[312]
On 30 September, ahead of anniversary demonstrations, several activists were detained in Berlin.[313][314]
On 6 October 2024, people rallied in Berlin in solidarity with Palestine and Lebanon during Israel's incursion.[180][315]
On 15 May 2025, about 1,100 people took part in a pro-Palestine demonstration inKreuzberg, Berlin to commemorate the 77th anniversary of the Nakba and to protest against Israel's military operation in Gaza. During the protests, several protesters and police officers were injured in violent confrontations.[316]
On 10 September, during a pro-Palestine protest in Berlin'sMitte district, a member of theIrish Bloc Berlin was assaulted by German police. The incident was condemned by the IrishTaoiseach,Micheál Martin.[317] On 27 September, more than 100,000 people joined a pro-Palestine rally in Berlin to protest against Germany's support for Israel.[318]
Greece
Pro-Palestinian protest inChania, Greece on 5 October 2024
On 12 October 2023, 200 demonstrators gathered atSyntagma Square inAthens to show solidarity with Palestine.[319] A day later, 2,000 protestors including Palestinians, members of Muslim communities, left-wing and anarchist groups marched towardthe Israeli embassy.[320] On 29 October, a crowd of 5,000 demonstrated in Athens, calling for an end to the Gaza massacre.[321] On 25 March 2024, pro-Palestinian protesters blocked a tank during a military parade forGreece's Independence Day in Athens.[322] On 15 May, a crowd of 2,500 people marched in Athens towards the Israeli embassy in solidarity of Palestine; the protesters later clashed withpolice.[323]
On 22 July 2025, more 300 people on the island ofSyros protested against the docking of theMS Crown Iris which is owned by Israeli cruise company,Mano Maritime. The ship, which was carrying more than 1,600 passengers, was later rerouted to Cyprus due to "safety concerns".[324][325] On 24 August, hundreds of people joined at a pro-Palestine march atWhite Tower Square inThessaloniki to protest against Israel's attacks in Gaza.[326]
Hungary
In August 2024, a pro-Palestine protest was held in front of the US embassy inBudapest in light of the International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples. This was the first time that a pro-Palestine protest was allowed to be held in Hungary since October 2023.[327] Hungary has also imposed restrictions on pro-Palestinian protests since 7 October.[21]
Pro-Palestine protest inDublin, Ireland, 18 November 2023
Thousands of people marched in cities and towns across Ireland, includingCarlow,Cork,Dublin,Ennis,Galway andLimerick in support of Palestine and against Israel's attacks on Gaza and the continuing occupation of Palestine.[330][331] Residents ofBallina, the ancestral hometown of US presidentJoe Biden, splashed red paint and wrote "Genocide Joe" over a mural of the president's face.[332]
Pro-Palestinian protest inAvezzano, Italy, 22 September 2025
Thousands of pro-Palestinian demonstrators marched inRome, carrying a large Palestinian flag and chanting slogans in support of Palestine.[320] On 17 November, a long Palestinian flag was hung from theLeaning Tower of Pisa during a pro-Palestinian protest in thecity.[333] On 27 January 2024, inMilan, police clashed with pro-Palestinian protesters despite an official ban on protests onInternational Holocaust Remembrance Day.[334] On 28 May 2024, a group of pro-Palestine protesters occupied a train station inBologna.[335] On 5 June 2024, a 15-meter Palestinian flag was unfurled on top ofMilan Cathedral by former Italian MPStefano Apuzzo.[336] On 5 October 2024, a Pro-Palestine protest turned violent when thousands of protestors clashed withlocal police resulting in at least 34 people injured. Chants of "Free Palestine", "Criminal Israel" and "Now Intifada" rang out in Piazzale Ostiense during the event.[337] On 7 June 2025, around 300,000 people marched through the streets of Rome to protest against Israel's war in Gaza.[338] On 21 June 2025, over 100,000 people attended a protest in Rome against "war, rearmament, genocide, [and] authoritarianism."[339] In August 2025, thousands of people joined a pro-Palestine protest at the82nd Venice International Film Festival.[340]
On 22 September 2025, anationwide strike involving hundreds of thousands of people caused major disruptions across multiple cities.[341]
Latvia
A pro-Palestine procession planned on 6 January 2024 by the "For a Free Palestine" movement (Latvian:Kustība "Par brīvu Palestīnu") was prohibited by theRiga City Council due to a perceived potential threat topublic safety.[342]
During Israeli PresidentIsaac Herzog's visit to Latvia on 5 August, a pro-Palestinian rally with approximately 30 participants was held nearRiga Castle protesting against his visit and demanding Israel to stopmilitary operations in theGaza Strip. A simultaneous pro-Israelcounter-protest was organized on the other side of the square.[344]
Lithuania
On 29 November 2023, around 100 people gathered inVilnius to protest Israel's actions in Gaza, marking the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People. At the same time, a pro-Israel protest was held to counter the pro-Palestine protesters.[345]
Luxembourg
On 13 January 2024, as a part of the "global day of action", protestors gathered in front of theUS embassy inLuxembourg City to demand an end to the Israeli war in Gaza and a permanent ceasefire.[346]
Malta
On 6 October 2024, a pro-Palestine protest was held inValletta, marking the one-year anniversary of the war and demanding a ceasefire in Gaza and to 'end Zionist terror' against the Palestinians.[347]
Moldova
On 19 October 2023, over 20 protesters gathered inChișinău in front of theParliament of Moldova, demanding the chamber to condemn theGaza genocide and the recognition of an independent Palestinian state.[348]
Anti-war demonstrations with Palestinian flags in Amsterdam, the Netherlands
A group of students rallied inThe Hague on 13 October 2023 to show solidarity with Palestine,[197] followed by a 15,000-strong pro-Palestinian protest inAmsterdam on 15 October.[349] On 23 October, activists opposed to Israel's actions in Gaza occupied the entrance to theInternational Criminal Court in The Hague, demanding action againstBenjamin Netanyahu for alleged war crimes.[350] On 21 December, civil servants demanded a truce.[351] In January 2024, a billboard campaign displayed messages regarding the war, such as "every ten minutes one Palestinian child dies".[352] On 13 January, a protest organised by thePlant een Olijfboom (Plant an Olive Tree) Foundation was held inAmsterdam, honoring the slain children of Gaza by placing around 10,000 pairs of children's shoes inDam Square, each pair representing one Palestinian child killed by Israeli air strikes.[353]
On 11 January 2024, hundreds of pro-Israel protesters carrying Dutch and Israeli flags gathered outside the International Court of Justice. Hundreds of Palestinian supporters also gathered to watch the genocide hearings on a large screen less than a hundred metres away from the pro-Israel group.[354] A healthcare workers collective protested againstGaza's healthcare collapse with five demands: an end to Israel'sbombing of hospitals, an end to thekilling of healthcare workers, the end of arms sales to Israel, the release ofabducted healthcare workers and immediate access to medical supplies.[355] DuringIsaac Herzog's visit to the National Holocaust Museum in Amsterdam, protesters at a square nearby chanted "Never again is now" and "Ceasefire now" and held signs that said "Jews against genocide".[356]
On 17 March 2024, people lined up thousands of shoes dedicated to the 13,000 children who died from the war in a public square inUtrecht.[357]
On 8 May 2024, as part of a series ofpro-Palestinian protests on university campuses, police broke up a student protest at theUniversity of Amsterdam, where protesters had blockaded the university grounds. Protesters were demanding an end to the conflict, with some calling on the university to sever academic ties to Israel. Confrontations were described as violent, but it was unclear whether anyone had been injured or detained.[358] Reuters reported that police struck protesters on the head with batons.[359]
On 20 April 2025, more than 10,000 people showed up in a pro-Palestinian demonstration inRotterdam to protest againstIsrael's actions on Gaza.[360] On 18 May, more than 100,000 people marched through The Hague at thered line protest while wearing red clothing as an expression to "draw a red line" against Israel's blockade on Gaza and demanded the Dutch government to take more action against Israel.[361][362] On 15 June, the same initiative was repeated and reached 150,000 protesters.[363] On 29 June, around 18,000 shoes and toys were displayed inAlmere, representing more than 17,400 children that were killed in Gaza.[364][365]
On 5 October 2025, the third red line demonstration was held. With 250,000 participants, this was the largest demonstration in the country in over 20 years. Five activists were arrested.[368][369][370]
On 7 November 2024,violence erupted between supporters of Maccabi Tel Aviv, who were in Amsterdam to compete in aUEFA Europa League game, and locals after the Israeli football team was filmed makinganti-Palestinian andanti-Arab chants, tearing down Palestinian flags from homes and attacking Moroccan taxi drivers. Benjamin Netanyahu and Israeli commentators said the attacks on Israeli fans wereantisemitic and compared them to apogrom. Dutch Prime MinisterDick Schoof and Amsterdam MayorFemke Halsema concurred and issued a three-day ban on protests in the city.[372] The actions of the Maccabi Tel Aviv fans were meanwhile described as "hooliganism" and racist by the local authorities and thePalestinian Authority, respectively.[373][374]
On 13 November 2024, video emerged showing police beating pro-Palestinian protesters defying the ongoing city-wide ban.[375] Halsema said the video "looks serious".[376]
North Macedonia
On 20 October, citizens of varying ethnicities, such asAlbanian,Macedonian,Turkish,Bosnian andRomani, held a protest in theold part of the capitalSkopje to show support and solidarity for the Palestinian people under the slogan "Don't be silent about the massacre".[377][378][379]
On 9 August 2025, protesters gathered in front ofParliament in Skopje in solidarity with Palestinians.[380]
Norway
Rally in support of the people of Gaza, Oslo, Norway, 14 October
On 14 October, thousands of pro-Palestine demonstrators protested outside theMinistry of Foreign Affairs inOslo.[381] On 17 October, about 100 pro-Palestine demonstrators protested outside the Israeli embassy in Oslo shouting "Allahu akbar".[382]
On 11 November, up to 5,000 people attended a demonstration walking from theStorting. The protest was organized in opposition to Norway's role in the conflict.[385]
On 12 August 2024, a protest occurred outsideNorges Bank in Oslo. An elderly man was filmed punching a woman protester during the event.[386][387]
Poland
Pro-Palestine protest inGdańsk, Poland, 19 May 2024
Hundreds of demonstrators gathered inWarsaw on 30 October to express their support for the Palestinian population and condemn the Israeli assaults on Gaza.[388] In November 2023, Warsaw mayorRafał Trzaskowski banned a pro-Palestinian protest in Warsaw,[389] citing security concerns andantisemitism.[390] On 23 January 2024, one person protested against thealleged Israeli genocide of Palestinians at the Israeli embassy in Warsaw.[391]
Pro-Palestine protest inLisbon, Portugal, 29 October 2023
A pro-Palestine protest was held inLisbon. A number of people assembled in Lisbon over the weekend to denounce what they referred to as "the genocide in the Gaza Strip" and to call for an urgent cessation of hostilities. The protest kicked off at the US embassy in Lisbon, located in the Sete Rios district, before proceeding to the Israeli embassy inAvenidas Novas.[392] The Portuguese Council for Peace and Cooperation (CPPC), the General Confederation of Portuguese Workers – National Trade Union (CGTP-IN), the Movement for the Rights of the Palestinian People and for Peace in the Middle East (MPPM), and the Noise Project – Youth Association jointly organized a protest advocating for "peace in the Middle East."[393]
A pro-Palestinian rally in the centre ofBucharest,Romania being escorted by the police, with banners calling for an end to the genocide (May 2024)
On 21 October 2023, a pro-Palestine rally was held in Bucharest and attended by over 1,000 demonstrators,[399] includingTwitch streamer and left-wing activistSilviu Istrate.[400]
On 20 June 2024, the administration of theUniversity of Bucharest called theGendarmerie to evacuate pro-Palestine protesters occupying its campus. MEP Nicu Ștefănuță compared this event with the invitation of miners by PresidentIon Iliescu in 1990, which resulted in the infamousJune 1990 Mineriad.[402]
OnGood Friday, 18 April 2025, the Romania-Palestine Solidarity Association organized acandlelight vigil at theMemorial of Rebirth in the centre of Bucharest to commemorate the victims of the genocide in Gaza.[405]
In late October 2023, an anti-Israel mob[406][407] stormedUytash Airport inMakhachkala,Dagestan to prevent the landing of a flight fromTel Aviv, which the mob alleged contained Jewish refugees from Israel arriving in Dagestan.[408] These rumors were disseminated by aTelegram channel associated with Russian-Ukrainian politicianIlya Ponomarev.[409][410] 20 people were injured, among them nine police officers, of whom two were injured seriously.[411] The passengers on the plane were unharmed. 150 suspects were identified, while 60 were detained.[412]
The head of Dagestan,Sergey Melikov, called the incident a gross violation of the law.[413] Russian presidentVladimir Putin ordered a meeting of his top security officials, while his spokespersonDmitry Peskov blamed the unrest on "outside interference".[414] Putin added that any normal person would be outraged by images of "bloodied children" in Gaza, but Russians needed "to keep a clear head".[415] The Israeli government called on Russian authorities to protect Israelis andJews in Russia.[413]
Serbia
On 13 October, pro-Palestinian protests were organised inNovi Pazar andNovi Sad.[416][417] Over 15,000 protesters gathered in Novi Sad expressing solidarity with Palestine and denouncing Israel, with slogans such as "Freedom for Palestine," "From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free," and "Stop the genocide."[418]
Pro-Palestine protest inLjubljana, Slovenia, 13 October 2023
On 13 October, pro-Palestinian protests were organised inLjubljana. On 9 November, a large crowd gathered in Ljubljana to show their support for Palestinians, while the parliamentary Foreign Policy Committee approved a statement urging for an immediate halt to hostilities, a ceasefire, and the establishment of humanitarian corridors in Gaza.[419][420]
On 9 October, pro-Palestinian demonstrators gathered in thePuerta del Sol inMadrid.[421] On 13 October, protestors rallied at theColumbus Monument inBarcelona.[197] On 8 December, over 3000 pro-Palestine protesters inGuernica formed a massive mosaic with a human chain depicting the Palestinian flag to express their solidarity.[422][423] On 27 January 2024, an estimated 20,000 marched in support of Palestine in Madrid.[424] At least six cabinet ministers joined a march for a ceasefire in Madrid.[425] On 11 May, about 4,000 people participated in pro-Palestine protests in Madrid.[426] On 19 May, mass demonstrations erupted inValencia calling for the end of the war.[427] The demonstration also saw the participation of six ministers from Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez's cabinet.[428]
In January 2025, several people held demonstrations against the arrival of theMaccabi Tel Aviv basketball team in Madrid.[429] On 22 February, around 1,000 people demonstrated in front of the American Embassy in Madrid to protest against theGaza genocide and US's plan to take over Gaza.[430] On 14 June, about 25,000 people marched through the streets of Barcelona calling for an end of the'genocide' in Palestine.[431]
Pro-Palestinian protest in Barcelona, 21 October 2023
During the 11th stage of the2025 Vuelta a España on 3 September, a group of pro-Palestine protesters tried to enter the racetrack as theIsrael–Premier Tech team passed by inBilbao, forcing the organizers to finish the segment prematurely without declaring a winner.[432] The incident also forced Israel–Premier Tech to issue new uniforms to its cyclists that did not carry its name.[433] During the 15th stage on 7 September, another pro-Palestine protester tried to enter a road while carrying a Palestinian flag, causing cyclistsJavier Romo andEdward Planckaert to crash.[434] Romo subsequently withdrew from the race altogether. On 9 September, the 16th stage was shortened by 8 km (5.0 mi) after pro-Palestine protesters gathered in large numbers near the original finish line.[435] On 14 September, thousands of demonstrators tore down barricades at the final finishing circuit of the race and forced the organized to cancel the competition completely. More than 2,200 police officers were drafted as security. Two protesters were arrested and 22 officers were injured. TheVuelta a España is the final stage of theGrand Tour.[436][437]
Sweden
Numerous demonstrations have been held in Sweden since the war began, both pro-Palestinian and pro-Israeli.[438]
On 7 October 2023 – following the attack against Israel – there were pro-Palestinian celebrations in some Swedish cities.[439][440] InMalmö, people drove around in cars waving Palestinian flags and shot fireworks. Similar events occurred inHelsingborg,Kristianstad andVäxjö.[440] Celebrations of the attack were widely condemned by politicians, including by Prime MinisterUlf Kristersson and Opposition LeaderMagdalena Andersson.[441][442][443]
Pro-Palestinian protest in Stockholm, Sweden, 2 November 2024
On 7 January 2024, protesters demonstrated against the war outside the US Embassy inStockholm.[444] On 28 January, pro-Palestinian protests were held in Helsingborg, Malmö, andGothenburg.[445] On 29 February, Swedish MEPAbir Al-Sahlani used her allotted speaking time during the parliamentary session to stage a silent protest.[446] On 27 April 2024, a protest took place in Sweden with chants of "Free Palestine" and "Boycott Israel".[310]
As the host ofEurovision 2024, Malmö saw demonstrations because ofIsrael's participation in the contest. On 9 May, roughly a hundred demonstrators gathered in Malmö for a pro-Israel rally while thousands had demonstrated against Israel's participation.[447][448] On 11 May, thousands protested Eurovision in Malmö. Swedish climate activistGreta Thunberg was arrested protesting outside.[449] Israeli singerEden Golan was booed by the audience at a rehearsal.[450] A presenter from Norway withdrew after making public allegations of genocide against Israel. Several other performers missed rehearsals, complained about double standards committed by theEuropean Broadcasting Union and wore costumes and makeup with political messages that were explicitly forbidden by the rules of the contest.[451][452]
On 7 June, police in Stockholm detained 19 pro-Palestinian activists who had barricaded themselves inside a building of theRoyal Institute of Technology while calling for the institution to end collaboration with Israeli universities.[453] In September 2024, Greta Thunberg was arrested while protesting forStockholm University to cut its ties with Israel.[454]
Switzerland
Pro-Palestine protest in Geneva in front of the UN Office, 25 November 2023
On 13 January 2024, over 15,000 protesters supporting the Palestinian cause gathered inBasel to stage a demonstration in solidarity with the people of Gaza. This gathering followed a prohibition imposed by several German-speaking Swisscantons on similar activities.[455]
On 5 May, hundreds of pro-Palestine students at theUniversity of Lausanne staged a sit-in at a university facility, chanting "Gaza, UNIL is with you" and "down with Israeli apartheid".[456]
On 13 May, pro-Palestinian students demonstrated at theUniversity of Bern, occupying a university building.[457]
Pro-Palestinian protest during the opening ceremony of the Eurovision Song Contest inBasel, 11 May 2025
Israel's participation in theEurovision Song Contest 2025 in Switzerland has sparked controversy.[458] The "Turquoise Carpet" event, held on 11 May 2025 in the host city Basel, was targeted by pro-Palestinian protesters against Israel's participation.[459]
On 2 November, theleft-wing magazineCommons published an open letter from "Ukrainian researchers, artists, political and labour activists, members of civil society" expressing solidarity with Palestinians, and condemned Israel's actions in Gaza, Islamophobia and antisemitism. As of 27 December 2023, the letter has 443 signatures.[462]
Solidarity protest opposing the bombing of Gaza,Cardiff, 21 October 2023
In the weeks during Israel's counterattacks on Gaza, a number of pro-Palestine vigils, rallies and marches were held throughout the UK,[463][464] with the largest demonstrations held inLondon.[465] At least 300,000 protestors attended a pro-Palestinian march on 11 November, which made it one of the largest pro-Palestinian protests in the Western world since 7 October.[465] As well as London, rallies took place inManchester in northern England,Edinburgh andGlasgow in Scotland.[121]
Lawyers expressed concerns over war crimes committed by Israel,[466][467] and trade unions joined the calls for a ceasefire[468][469][470] — as did charities,[471][472] cultural figures[473][474] and religious leaders.[475][476]
Companies that supply arms to Israel were targeted,[477][478][479] along with other companies viewed as supporting Israel,[480][481] with boycotts, protests and blockades.
The official position of both the UK's main political parties, the rulingConservatives and the oppositionLabour, were supportive of Israel,[482][483] although there was dissent from politicians of both parties,[484][485] which was often met with punishment from party leaders.[486][487] A number of Labour politicians resigned from their roles or the party entirely in disagreement at the party's position.[488][489] Protests were directed at politicians,[490][491] particularly after a majority of Labour MPs abstained on a vote calling for a ceasefire.[492][493][494]
On 26 November, 60,000 marched in London to protest against a rise in antisemitic hate crimes from the war, making it the biggest protest against antisemitism since 1936.[495][496] In January 2024, thousands attended a pro-Israel rally in London to call for the release of all hostages from Gaza.[497] In March 2024, an estimated 400,000 people in London attended the tenth national march for Palestine since the war began.[498] In May 2024, pro-Palestinian marches were staged in Central London to mark the 76th anniversary of the Nakba.[499]
On 17 May 2025, approximately 600,000 people marched through London to commemorate the 77th anniversary of the Nakba and calling for the government to 'take action' to stop the atrocities against Palestinians.[500][501] On 4 June, thousands of people joined a pro-Palestine march outside of theParliament of the United Kingdom while wearing red to create a "Red Line for Palestine", demanded that the government impose an arms embargo and sanctions against Israel.[502]
Metropolitan Police making arrests at aPalestine Action protest in London, 6 September 2025
On 20 June 2025, pro-Palestinian activists led byPalestine Action managed to enter theBrize Norton Royal Air Force base inOxfordshire. They damaged two Voyager aircraft with crowbars and used a repurposed fire extinguisher to spray red paint to the planes and the runway before being detained in the base.[503]
On 9 August 2025, hundreds of people gathered inParliament Square to protest against the ongoing genocide in Gaza and in opposition to the banning of Palestine Action, theMetropolitan Police stated on X that they have arrested over 446 people in the square, with campaigners calling it the "largest ever mass arrest at a single protest in the British capital". Five officers were injured during the arrests.[504]
Vatican City
On 25 December 2024, protesters waved Palestinian flags in the courtyard ofSt. Peter's Basilica wherePope Francis lamented both the 7 October attack by Hamas and the "appalling harvest of innocent civilians" by Israel and called for a ceasefire during his Christmas Dayhomily.[505]
Middle East
Bahrain
Worshipers at theDuraz mosque chanted "Death to Israel" and "Death to America" during Friday prayers. A march followed, with participants shouting anti-Israel slogans including "No tonormalization!"[142] Bahraini officials detained numerous individuals involved in demonstrations supporting Palestine, including both minors and individuals who actively participated in advocating for Palestine online.[506]
In September 2025, protests and clashes erupted between pro-Palestine demonstrators and police inManama after the appointment ofShmuel Revel as the new Israeli ambassador of Bahrain after his predecessor,Eitan Na'eh, left the country in November 2023.[507]
Egypt
The Egyptian government, led byAbdel-Fattah el-Sissi, currently maintains diplomatic relations with both Israel and Hamas. It also banned large protests in 2013. Despite this, the majority of Egyptians support the Palestinian people and their aspirations for self-determination. Following Israel's bombardment of the Gaza Strip, the state authorized 27 sites for demonstrations in major cities across the country.[124]
On 11 October, it was reported that protesters chanted pro-Palestinian slogans and burned Israeli flags outside the Syndicate of Journalists' headquarters inCairo.[508] On 13 October, protestors gathered atAl-Azhar Mosque after Friday prayers and chanted for theAl-Aqsa mosque.[509]
On 20 October, tens of thousands demonstrated in cities across the country.[142] In Cairo, 43 people were reportedly arrested in an unauthorized pro-Palestine rally inTahrir Square.[510] There were also protests on theEgypt–Gaza border nearRafah.[511]
On 15 January 2024, journalists gathered for "100 Days of Aggression: Stop the War, Prosecute War Criminals" at the Cairo headquarters of the journalists syndicate.[512][513] They called for Israel to stop killing Palestinians and journalists, condemned Israeli leaders as war criminals, and called for unhindered access to aid in Gaza. They also accused the Egyptian government of complicity in the suffering of Gaza.[514][512]
Iran
Protest opposing Israeli policy in Gaza, 14 October,TehranPro-Palestinian protest inIsfahan,Iran
Multiple rallies were held supporting Hamas and against the Israeli bombing of Gaza. Many protesters flew Palestinian flags and ones forHezbollah, chanting anti-Israeli slogans. State media presented those rallies as "screams of a common pain...the pain of the Zionist regime's trampling on humanity".[163] During a football match inAzadi Stadium inTehran, counter-protesters chanted an anti-Palestinian slogan.[515] Counter-protesters also chanted anti-Palestinian slogans at the funeral of murdered filmmakerDariush Mehrjui.[516] Counter-protesters also created the "#IraniansStandWithIsrael" hashtag and hung Israeli flags.[517]
Protesters gathered in Tehran and other cities to protest against Israel's bombardment of Gaza and express solidarity with Gaza.[518] Likewise, "Death to Israel", Death to America", and "End the Genocide" and so forth.[519]
On 31 July 2024, protests were held in Tehran after the assassination of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh.[145]
Iraq
On 13 October, thousands gathered inLiberation Square, Baghdad, waving Palestinian flags and burning Israeli flags while chanting anti-Israeli and anti-American slogans.[163] Demonstrators also gathered at a bridge leading to theGreen Zone, while others held a sit-in at theTrebil border crossing with Jordan. Demonstrators inBaghdad vowed to keep up their protest "until the roads are opened in order to send aid" to Gaza.[142] Protesters marched in Baghdad in February 2024, holding signs, such as one reading: "The starvation of Gaza's children is a shame for all humanity."[520] The largest protest was held in the streets of Baghdad.[521]
On 31 July 2024, a march was held in Baghdad to condemn the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh.[145]
On 19 October, dozens of people stormed and looted the headquarters of the Saudi-based news channelMBC in Baghdad after it referred to the insurgents as "terrorists", includingHamas,Hezbollah, and thePopular Mobilization Forces.[522]
Jordan
Thousands participated in a march on 1 December to demonstrate solidarity with the Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. The procession commenced following Friday prayers in the vicinity of theGrand Husseini Mosque in Amman.[523] Riot police fired tear gas to disperse 500 pro-Palestinian protesters at a security checkpoint outside ofAmman on 13 October, as they were heading to the border with theWest Bank. Protests also emerged inIrbid andZarqa, while anti-Israel marches were denied at the border areas in theJordan Valley, according to theMinistry of Interior.[524]
Protests were held following the end of the ceasefire in Gaza on 1 December.[523] On 8 December, protesters demonstrated outside the U.S. Embassy in Amman, calling for a boycott of U.S. products.[525]
On 23 January 2024 protests were held at the Egyptian embassy in Amman against the blockade of Gaza.[526] On 6 February,Human Rights Watch reported that hundreds of pro-Palestinian activists had been arrested by Jordanian authorities.[527] On 27 March, police used tear gas and batons on protesters attempting to storm the Israeli embassy.[528] On 23 April,Al-Qassam Brigades spokesmanAbu Obaida called on the "Jordanian masses" to escalate their actions and "raise their voice" against Israel.[529]
On 6 July demonstrations were held in Amman in solidarity with Gaza.[530] On 14 July protests were held near the Israeli embassy in Amman in solidarity with Gaza which took place a day after theattacks in al-Mawasi.[531] On 2 August demonstrations broke out near the Israeli embassy denouncing the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh.[532]
Kuwait
On 14 January 2024, hundreds of protestors held a demonstration inAl-Erada Square,Kuwait City to show solidarity with Palestinians and marking the 100th day since the 7 October attacks on Israel.[533]
Lebanon
Demonstrations broke out across the country on 13 October, with protestors flyingHezbollah,LCP andSSNP flags while chanting pro-Palestinian slogans.[509] Followingthe explosion at al-Ahli Arab Hospital, demonstrators gathered at theUS andFrench embassies inBeirut over their countries' support for Israel.[534] Demonstrators gathered outside the South African embassy to thank them for bringing Israel to the International Court of Justice.[535] Demonstrators protested at UN headquarters in Beirut in support ofUNRWA.[536]
On 30 April, inspired by the protests in American universities, over 200 people gathered around the campus ground at theAmerican University of Beirut, the gatherers had the administration's permission to protest for two hours as the protests calls for theboycott of Israeli businesses.[537]
On 15 May a pro-Palestinian demonstration was staged in Beirut during the 76th anniversary of theNakba, the demonstration started at the American University of Beirut and ended at the British Embassy.[538]
On 31 July 2024, demonstrations were held inSidon to condemn the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh with masked boys holding replicas ofassault rifles.[145]
Oman
On 19 October 2023, citizens and expats gathered to protest against Israel's war on Gaza.[539] Meanwhile, US diplomats indicated that there were calls for protests inMuscat on 19 and 20 October.[540]
Qatar
On 16 December thousands gathered at theEducation City Stadium inDoha to show their support and help raise money for Palestinians.[541]
Syria
On 13 October, protesters inDamascus including Palestinians from theYarmouk camp rallied for the people in Gaza.[509] On 27 October, a march was organised inJaramana Camp to show solidarity with Palestinians in Gaza.[542]
In October 2025, hundreds of Syrians from several cities in the country includingAleppo,Deir ez-Zor, andHama gathered to express solidarity with Palestinians and condemned Israel's war on Gaza.[543]
Turkey
On 13 October, thousands of demonstrators crowded atBeyazit Square inIstanbul to show solidarity with Palestinians.[544] Protests erupted inAnkara after theal-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion.[545] The Israeli Consulate experienced a forceful intrusion by protesters who directed fireworks toward the premises and ignited Israeli flags. Moreover, a group of demonstrators made an effort to enter an American military base. In Istanbul, protesters gathered outside the US consulate to demand its immediate closure.[546] Demonstrators linked to Islamic organizations in Istanbul displayedTurkish and Palestinian flags, raised signs, and vocalized slogans condemning Israel's activities in Gaza.[124]
On 5 November, police inAdana Province fired water cannon and tear gas to disperse a large crowd of protesters as they attempted to stormIncirlik Air Base which housed US troops.[547] On 6 November, protesters in Ankara demonstrated against U.S. Secretary of StateAntony Blinken's visit, holding signs that read "murderer Blinken, get out of Turkey!" and "No to genocide!"[548] On 31 December, protesters demonstrated outside the US embassy in Istanbul.[549]
In February 2024, a gunman occupied aProcter & Gamble factory inGebze, holding seven workers there hostage in protest of theIsraeli invasion of Gaza.[550] After he left the factory to use the bathroom, he was arrested and the hostages were freed with no one, including the gunman, suffering any injuries.[550]
On 7 April 2024, a group by the name of "A Thousand Youths for Palestine Initiative" organised protests inBeyoğlu,Istanbul againstRecep Tayyip Erdoğan and hisJustice and Development Party due to their continued trade and relations with Israel despite making many statements in support of Palestine, in which Turkish trade with Israel had actually increased after theGaza war.[551] A month earlier, the group had also disrupted an Erdoğan rally inAnkara with the same demands.[552] The protestors gathered onİstiklal Avenue, nearGalatasaray High School, where police quickly attempted to disperse the protest, in which 43 people were detained, and 5 of them were kept and tried.[553] Heavypolice brutality was reported, with the protestors being assaulted and extreme measures taken to quell the protests.[551][554]
On 3 May 2024, a pro-Palestine protest atGazi University inAnkara turned into a riot between Palestine supporters and Turkish nationalists. Students gathered to prayFriday prayers together and set up rallies as part of the2024 pro-Palestinian university protests. Turkish and Palestinian flags were flown. Many professors and other students attended the rally, where speeches in Turkish, Arabic, and English were made.[555] A group of Turkish nationalists had also hosted a rally nearby commemoratingTurkism Day. The pro-Palestinians later began shouting slogans in Arabic, andtakbirs, which provoked the Turkish nationalists into intruding the university and assaulting the students while shouting "how happy is the one who says I am a Turk".[556][557] Security had to intervene and escort the pro-Palestinians to safety inside the university.[558] Most of the attackers were described asVictory Party members and otherKemalists.[559][557] SomeMHPGrey Wolves and otherIdealists were present, where they gave the university students a chance to stop the Arabic chanting, before joining the assaults after the students refused.[560] The attackers referred to themselves as "Turkists" and "nationalists", and did not specify any political affiliation.[561] After the attacks, members of the "Ankara Palestine Solidarity Platform" protested outside the university and demanded justice.[556]
On 6 May 2024, protests were held in Istanbul in demanding the end of the war and a ceasefire.[562]
On 31 July 2024, protests were held in Istanbul against the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh.[145]
On New Year's Day 2025, tens of thousands of people marched onGalata Bridge in Istanbul to express solidarity with Palestine.[564]
On 13 and 20 April 2025, thousands of people across Turkey protested against Israel's attacks against civilians in the Gaza Strip under the motto, "Gaza is dying! Stand up!"[565]
InHouthi-controlledSanaa, demonstrators waved bothYemeni and Palestinian flags and chanted "Death to America" and "Death to Israel;"[509] and tens of thousands of people took part in the march to show solidarity with Palestinians.[523] On 12 January 2024, tens of thousands protested at Sab'een Square in Sanaa against the US-UK bombings.[567] College students in Sanaa protested against US-UK Bombings on 18 January.[568]
Protesters on 19 January 2024 reportedly stated, "We don't care about whatever you do to us, we will continue our support and resilience with Palestinians until Israel stops its war on Palestine".[569][570] On 28 June 2024, protests were held in Sana'a with people carrying banners that said "There is no dignity for nations without victory for Gaza", smaller demonstrations were held in other governorates, includingHodeidah,Hajjah,Saada,Taiz, andAd Dali.[123] In Sanaa, thousands of protesters waved Palestinian flags, and chanted: "With our souls, with our blood, we sacrifice for you ... oh Palestinians."[124]
On 3 August 2024, thousands participated in a "Day of Rage" by protesting in Sanaa, mourning the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh.[571]
North America
Barbados
In November 2023, a pro-Palestinian march took place inBridgetown, involving more than 100 people, with protesters chanting, "Palestine will be free".[572]
Belize
On 22 November 2023, a pro-Palestine march took place inBelize City with about 150 people attending. The march was also attended by Prime MinisterJohnny Briceño, Deputy Prime MinisterCordel Hyde, Minister of Home AffairsKareem Musa, and several other politicians.[573]
Canada
28 October rally in support of Palestine in Toronto, Canada
Pro-Palestinian protest in Toronto, 4 November 2023
On 5 March, a man in Toronto was arrested after attacking pro-Palestinian protesters outside of a synagogue using anail gun while shouting "every Palestinian will die".[588]
On 7 March, a court inQuebec issued a temporary ban on pro-Palestinian protests within 50 metres of a synagogue and four other Jewish community buildings inMontreal.[589]
On 14 April, protestors in Toronto cheered anaerial attack launched by Iran on Israel, chanting "Allahu Akbar!" A protest leader characterized the strikes as a response to Israeli airstrikes in the region, whileMelissa Lantsman, a Canadian member of parliament, said that the chants showed "It was never about a ceasefire". Other chants included "Intifada, Intifada, long live the Intifada" and "From the water to the water, Palestine is Arab".[590]
On 9 June, Canada'sNational Post said that over 50,000 pro-Israel supporters were believed to have marched in Toronto.[591]
On 6 October 2024, rallies broke out in Toronto in solidarity with Palestine.[592]
On 14 June 2025, thousands of people joined a pro-Palestine march in Montreal to denounce the humanitarian crisis in Gaza and calling on the government to pressure Israel to reach a ceasefire.[593]
On May 23, students atSimon Fraser University occupied their campus' Belzberg Library to demand divestment from military assets supplied to Israel, coinciding with a Board of Governors meeting. Despite protests and an open letter, the Board did not discuss divestment.[616] On May 30, SFU presidentJoy Johnson and the Board of Governors agreed to discuss divestment from arms companies after community pressure, protests, and a faculty vote. They committed to reviewing their Responsible Investment Policy with community input.[617]
On June 7, University of Waterloo agreed to several demands to disclose investments and to base investment decisions onhuman rights and other social factors.[621]
On 23 November 2023, thousands marched in thePaseo del Prado ofHavana in solidarity with the Palestinian cause, including PresidentMiguel Díaz-Canel, who wore akeffiyeh to the event, Prime MinisterManuel Marrero, Foreign MinisterBruno Rodríguez Parrilla, and several Palestinian medical students who were in Cuba as part of a cooperation program. Prior to the demonstration, the colors of the Palestinian flag were projected on to theJosé Martí Memorial.[624]
On 14 October 2024, President Diaz-Canel organized a protest in Havana in solidarity with Palestine.[625]
On 9 October 2025, thousands of people gathered in front of the U.S. embassy to protest against the Gaza war and to show support to the Palestinians. The demonstration was organized by President Diaz-Canel and the government.[626]
Dominican Republic
On 19 October 2023, about a hundred people gathered at Parque Independencia inSanto Domingo to protest against Israel's actions towards the Palestinians and express solidarity with Palestine.[627]
Jamaica
In May 2024, several protesters held a march inHalf Way Tree,Saint Andrew Parish in support of Palestine and demanding the Jamaican government to cut diplomatic ties with Israel.[628]
Mexico
Pro-Palestinian protest inMexico City, 29 November 2023Pro-Palestinian protest in Mexico City, 17 August 2025
Over 3,000 rallied in solidarity with Israel inMexico City on 15 October.[629]
Palestine supporters gathered at the Israeli embassy in Mexico City.[197] On 5 November, thousands marched in Mexico City from theAngel of Independence monument to theZócalo, chanting, "break, breakties with Israel" and "it is not a war, it is a genocide".[630] Anti-war protesters hitpiñatas with the faces of Joe Biden and Netanyahu at a protest on 8 January in Mexico City.[631]
On 13 January 2024, as a part of the "global day of action", thousands took to the streets of Mexico City in solidarity with Palestine.[632] On 18 February, hundreds of pro-Palestinian protesters took to Mexico City'sPaseo de la Reforma demanding a ceasefire.[633][634] On 28 May 2024, following theTel al-Sultan massacre, an estimated 200 people rallied in theLomas de Chapultepec neighborhood of Mexico City. Protests were held in front of the Israeli embassy and culminated in clashes with thepolice.[635] On 29 May, protestors denouncing the Rafah offensive threw molotov cocktails into the embassy, causing minor damage. That same month, a solidarity encampment was set up at theNational Autonomous University of Mexico by students demanding the breaking of diplomatic relations with Israel.[636]
On 6 October 2024, demonstrations broke out in Mexico City, marching on the streets with Palestinian flags and banners urging PresidentClaudia Sheinbaum to break off ties with Israel.[592]
Trinidad and Tobago
On 14 October 2023, about 300 members of the Muslim community gathered atQueen's Park Savannah inPort of Spain to show solidarity with the Palestinians.[637]
In the ten days after the attack, the US held more than 400 relatedprotests andvigils.[641] There were an estimated 180,000 demonstrators and protestors, with roughly even numbers attending events related to Israeli and Palestinian concerns.[641] US elected officials overwhelmingly attended more events in support of Israel. An estimated one-third of all anti-war protests were met withcounter-protesters, who at times were violent.[642] By the second week of the war, the number of pro-Palestinian protests in the US outnumbered the number of Pro-Israel protests.[643]
Students in the United States reported fears of losing future job opportunities for engaging in protests against military action in Gaza.[644] More than 260 "incidents of suppression" were reported against people opposed to the war.[645]Palestine Legal, a non-profit representing people who lost their jobs for protesting for Palestinian rights, described the environment in the United States as "McCarthyite".[646] TheIsrael on Campus Coalition reportedly engaged in covert espionage against pro-Palestinian student organizations.[647]Accuracy in Media sentdoxxing trucks to college campuses around the United States, displaying the names and faces of people it perceives to be pro-Palestinian.[648][649]Canary Mission producedblacklists of students involved with pro-Palestinian activism.[650] TheACLU urged US colleges to protect the free speech of pro-Palestinian and anti-war protestors.[651] TheNational Lawyers Guild condemned all attacks on pro-Palestinian activism at universities.[652]
Congressional staff for Democrat representatives reported receiving an overwhelming amount of calls and emails from constituents demanding their representatives to support a ceasefire. One staffer noted: "The phone doesn't stop ringing at any point in the day."[653] On 4 November 2023, theNational March on Washington: Free Palestine was held at theNational Mall.[654] At least two Americans — a woman in Atlanta andAaron Bushnell in Washington, D.C. —self-immolated in protest ofU.S. policy in Gaza, the latter of whom later died.[655][656] The identity of the woman who self-immolated was not publicly released, but she was reported to be in critical condition as of 2 December 2023. Police described it as an "act of extreme political protest", assuring the public that there was no terrorist threat to the Israeli consulate.[657] Israeli consul generalAnat Sultan-Dadon said it was "tragic to see the hate and incitement toward Israel expressed in such a horrific way."[658][659] Bushnell, an active duty member of theUnited States Air Force, shouted "Free Palestine" as he burned.[660] He was taken to a hospital where he later died.[661]Tax Day protests were held in several major cities on 15 April 2024.[662]
Puerto Rico
Hundreds of Puerto Ricans held pro-Palestinian demonstrations inSan Juan denouncing Israel in October[663] and November 2023.[664][665] When US vice presidentKamala Harris visited the island on 22 March 2024, several dozen people fromPuerto Rican independence groups organised a pro-Palestinian protest criticising Israel and the United States.[666][667] Many Puerto Rican activists see similarities between Palestinians and themselves relating to struggles against perceived colonialism.[663][668]
US Virgin Islands
On 4 November 2023, members from the Arab community ofSaint Croix as well as some black, white and Hispanic supporters showed solidarity with Palestine.[669]
Pro-Israel counter-protests have also been held in Sydney and Melbourne.[684][685]
Cook Islands
On 8 November, a small group of protesters gathered outside the National Auditorium inAvarua during the 2023Pacific Islands Forum meeting calling for an end to the killing of Palestinian children in Gaza.[686][687]
Palestine protest march from the US Embassy, Wellington in 2024
Since the outbreak of theGaza war on 7 October 2023, both pro-Palestinian and pro-Israel protest events have been held across severalNew Zealand centres includingAuckland,Wellington,Christchurch,Palmerston North,Nelson andDunedin.[688][689] Pro-Palestinian protesters including the Palestine Solidarity Network Aotearoa New Zealand's leaderJohn Minto have called for a ceasefire in Gaza and the suspension of diplomatic, economic and institutional relations and linkages between New Zealand and Israel.[690][691][692] Notable protest campaigns have included an attempted blockade of thePorts of Auckland, protest events at several university campuses in mid-2024 and a controversial hotline targeting Israeli visitors of military age in January 2025.[691][693][694]
Pro-Israel figures such asDestiny Church leaderBrian Tamaki have organised pro-Israel counter-protests have been held across New Zealand. These have sought to express support for Israeli actions and to counter allegedantisemitism.[695][696]
Samoa
In December 2023, a pro-Palestine group called Samoans for Ceasefire peacefully marched along Beach Road in the capitalApia, to rally for actions from the government to support and commit their efforts in calling for a ceasefire in Gaza. Later, in January 2024, a pro-Israel protest was orgasnised by the Samoa Prayer for Israel.[697][698]
South America
Argentina
A pro-Palestine march inBuenos Aires, 12 July 2025.
A pro-Israel rally was held inBuenos Aires on 9 October that was attended by mayorHoracio Rodríguez Larreta and presidential candidatePatricia Bullrich.[699] On 7 October 2024, thousands attended a rally in Buenos Aires, backed by PresidentJavier Milei, to mark the first anniversary of Hamas' attack on Israel.[700]
In September 2024, hundreds of Argentinians, including members from Arab and Palestinian communities, participated in a pro-Palestine rally in Buenos Aires, calling for the end of Israel's operations in Gaza.[701] On 15 June 2025, thousands marched in Buenos Aires in support of the Global March to Gaza.[702] On 12 July 2025, another pro-Palestine march took part in Buenos Aires and other parts of the country, known as the "red tide" because its protesters wore red garments and elements.[703]
Brazil
Protest against the war in Gaza,Recife, Brazil, 19 October 2023
In February 2024, thousands gathered for a pro-Israel rally held by former presidentJair Bolsonaro to protest against PresidentLula da Silva's remarks comparing Gaza to theHolocaust.[706]
Chile
A benefit concert was held at Padre Hurtado Park inSantiago on 25 October to raise funds for hospitals in the Palestinian territories and express solidarity with civilians in Gaza. Among the performers wasLatin Grammy winnerAna Tijoux.[707]
A protest was staged at the Israeli embassy inBogotá in support of Palestine, during which protesters burned the Israeli flag.[710]
Guyana
On 21 October 2023, hundreds of Guyanese marched throughGeorgetown to protest Israel's war on Gaza and chanted "From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free... Free Palestine! Free Palestine!"[711] In May 2024, a pro-Palestine rally was held at the Square of the Revolution in Georgetown, denouncing Israel's violence towards Palestinians.[712]
Suriname
In November 2023, hundreds of protesters, including Muslims and Jews, peacefully marched throughParamaribo to protest Israel's actions in Gaza.[713]
Uruguay
On 10 October, around a thousand people demonstrated in support of Israel inPunta del Este.[714] It was attended by the Intendant ofMaldonado DepartmentEnrique Antía and representatives of other religions.[715] Additionally,La Mano was lit up in the colors of the Israeli flag.[716] On the night of 11 October, a demonstration was held inMontevideo in support of Israel, which brought together around 3,000 people on theRambla in thePocitos neighborhood.[717][718] The rally, which was called by different organizations of theJewish community of Uruguay "against terrorism" was attended by a number of government officials, including Vice PresidentBeatriz Argimón.[719][720]
Venezuela
InCaracas, protestors rallied to show solidarity with Palestine.[197]
On 2 February 2024, more than 800 serving officials from the United States and Europe released the "trans-Atlantic statement" opposing their governments' support of Israel's war in Gaza, saying the US and EU risked contributing "to grave violations of international law, war crimes and even ethnic cleansing or genocide".[722]
Amnesty International
Amnesty International condemned European authorities for enforcing limitations on protests, contending that these actions infringe upon freedom of speech. It stated that nonviolent demonstrations against Israel should not be treated as a matter of security, adding that prohibiting pro-Palestinian protests, intimidating or arresting individuals who voice their opinions on the issue, and threatening to expel foreign nationals involved in such actions violate human rights.[723]
On 21 October, a group of celebrities wrote anopen letter to US President Biden calling for an immediate ceasefire.[725] Actors expressing support for Palestine faced repercussions for perceived antisemitism, includingMelissa Barrera andSusan Sarandon. Barrera had compared Gaza to aconcentration camp, while Sarandon had remarked at a rally: "There are a lot of people afraid of being Jewish at this time, and are getting a taste of what it feels like to be a Muslim in this country."[726][727] She later apologized, calling her phrasing "a terrible mistake".[728] Artists acrossEurope faced repercussions for statements in solidarity with Palestinians.[729] PainterAi Weiwei's exhibition at theLisson Gallery was postponed indefinitely after he tweeted about the conflict that "the sense of guilt around the persecution of the Jewish people has been, at times, transferred to offset the Arab world. Financially, culturally, and in terms of media influence, the Jewish community has had a significant presence in the United States".[730][731] Gallerists reported collectors were requesting artists critical of Israel be removed from shows.[732]Adam Broomberg, a Jewish artist from South Africa, faced cancellations and accusations of antisemitism for his support of Palestine.[733] British musicianRoger Waters was reportedly dropped byBMG Rights Management for his anti-Israel statements.[734]
A demonstration against IsraeliEurovision participation in Barcelona, April 2024
During an acceptance speech, novelistArundhati Roy said: "If we say nothing about Israel's brazen slaughter of Palestinians, even as it is livestreamed into the most private recesses of our personal lives, we are complicit in it."[748] Artists in France, Italy, Mexico, South Africa, Germany, the United States, Belgium, and Britain, includingCaryl Churchill andDominic Cooke, protested in support of the arrested artists ofThe Freedom Theatre in the West Bank.[749] Palestinian sculptor Sana Farah Bishara sculpted a bronze statue of the infant Jesus in an incubator for theChurch of the Nativity inBethlehem.[750] American singersTaylor Swift andSelena Gomez attendedRamy Youssef's fundraiser for Gaza.[751]
On 10 January 2024,ARTnews reported theEskenazi Museum of Art atIndiana University had cancelled its career retrospective of Palestinian painterSamia Halaby due to "safety concerns", to which she responded: "I am not a stranger to racism and sexism of the art world."[752] The92nd Street Y cancelled a talk byViet Thanh Nguyen, who had previously condemned Israeli violence against Gazans.[753] 1,400 Finnish artists and musicians called for Israel to be barred from performing in the 2024 Eurovision contest.[754] According toThe Jewish Chronicle, the bandColdplay posted the music video "Freedom for Palestine" to their official Facebook page.[755] A group of actors, includingGame of Thrones starsLena Heady andCharles Dance, read out South Africa's ICJ lawsuit to bring awareness to the plight of Palestinians.[756]
On 15 January 2024, Bosnian authorLana Bastašić stated she was severing ties with German publishing houseS. Fischer Verlag due to its failure to speak out against the "genocide" in Gaza.[757] Audience members reportedly walked out of American comedianDave Chappelle's show after he criticized U.S. support for Israeli war crimes.[758] American comedianDauood Naimyar had shows cancelled for his pro-Palestinian social media posts.[759]Emily Jacir, a Palestinian-American filmmaker, criticized the "harassment, baseless smear campaigns, [and] cancelling shows" of Palestinian artists.[760]Randa Jarrar, a Palestinian-American writer, was physically removed from aPEN America event in Los Angeles for disrupting the event; five other people who were also protesting against the speaker, Mayim Bialik, were not removed.[761][762]
Welsh singerCharlotte Church led a choir in singing a rendition of a pro-Palestinian song titled "From the River to the Sea".[763] Several filmmakers at theBerlin International Film Festival criticized the war, including American directorBen Russell and Palestinian journalistBasel Adra.[764] More than 4,000 artists signed a petition calling for Israel to be excluded from theVenice Biennale.[765] American actressHunter Schafer was arrested in New York protesting against Biden and his response to the war.[766]Zukiswa Wanner andMohamed Abla returned theirGoethe Medals in protest of Germany's support of Israel.[767] During the2024 Oscars on 11 March, directorJonathan Glazer condemned the "hijacking" of Judaism and the Holocaust in support of Israel's occupation of the Palestinian Territories.[768] Editors atGuernica magazine resigned en masse following the publication of an article termed "apologia for Zionism and the ongoing genocide in Palestine".[769] At least 80 scheduled performers at theSXSW festival pulled out in protest of sponsors' ties to the war.[770]Rio Cinema, the venue of London's largest screening of Eurovision, cancelled its 2024 event, stating that it had decided against screening the program's grand final "while Israel remains in the competition".[771] In May 2024,Dave Chappelle stated Gaza was facing a genocide.[772] In October 2024, 1,000 writers and literary professionals pledged a cultural boycott of Israel.[773]
American comedianChelsea Handler faced criticism for posting a pro-Israel TikTok that was described as "propaganda".[792] American actressSelma Blair was forced to apologize after calling pro-Palestinian activists "terrorist supporting goons" and advocating for theirdeportation.[793] Four hundred celebrities, including British actressHelen Mirren, British singerBoy George, American producerScooter Braun, and American actressesJulianna Margulies andEmmy Rossum signed a letter supporting Israel's participation in the2024 Eurovision competition.[794] In February 2024, AmericanKid Rock advocated killing "30,000 to 40,000" Palestinian civilians at a time until Israeli hostages were returned.[795][796]Nick Cave andThom Yorke were criticized in anAl Jazeera English editorial byAndrew Mitrovica for their decision to continue playing concerts in Israel.[797] In October 2024, over 1,000 figures from the literary and entertainment industries signed a letter denouncing attempts to "boycott, harass and scapegoat Jewish and Israeli authors and literary institutions."[798]
In Australia,Usman Khawaja faced a ban from cricket if he had played with the messages "all lives are equal" and "freedom is a human right" in the colors of the Palestinian flag on his shoes; under cricket bylaws, "messages which relate to political, religious or racial activities or causes" are not permitted.[803][804][805] In the United States, theMinnesota Vikings and other NFL teams wore shoes that stated "I stand with Israel".[806] Attendees at the2023 AFC Asian Cup chanted "Free Palestine" during the UAE-Palestine game on 18 January.[807]
More than 300 Palestinian sports leagues called for Israel to be barred from the2024 Olympics after it killed Palestine's Olympic football team coach and destroyed the headquarters of thePalestine Olympic Committee.[808]Gary Lineker, a British sports commentator, shared then deleted a post calling for an international ban on Israeli sports competition.[809] Attendees at the2024 NBA All-Star Game held banners reading "Let Gaza Live" and "Ceasefire Now".[810] Russian UFC fighterUmar Nurmagomedov dedicated his victory speech to the people in Gaza, stating "they don't have any food, they don't have any water, medical, nothing" and called on the world to "wake up".[811] In March 2024, thePalestine Football Association called onFIFA to issue sanctions against Israel, stating Israel had killed "no less than 99 footballers" in Gaza.[812]
Demonstration outsideRaytheon's office inGoleta, California to protest the military contractor's supply of weapons to Israel, 9 November 2023
In response to the conflict, young activists on social media began widespreadboycotts against companies perceived to be supporting the Israeli military during the conflict.[813] The three primary targets wereMcDonald's,Starbucks andDisney+, with the hashtag #boycottstarbucks gaining 29 million views onTikTok by 3 November.[813] McDonald's was targeted after offering free food for the IDF.[814] Starbucks was boycotted after it sued theStarbucks Union for a social media post supporting the people of Gaza.[814]Zara faced boycotts after its marketing campaign featured rubble and body bags.[815] Protesters targetedZara stores in Germany, Australia, Portugal, the Netherlands, Tunisia, Turkey and Scotland.[816]
On 7 November, theGrand National Assembly of Turkey announced a boycott of companies supporting Israel, barring their products from being sold in the legislature's restaurants, cafeterias, or teahouses.[817] InEgypt, a nationwide "boycott Israel" movement resulted in the revival of local brands and products.[818] In Malaysia, the licensee of McDonald's sued theBDS movement for their social media posts linking the chain to Israel's "genocidal war against Palestinians in Gaza".[819] BDS activists in France targetedCarrefour supermarkets with protests for their ties to Israeli settler companies.[820] A large banner hung in the center ofMadrid calling for a boycott of McDonald's in February 2024.[821] Turkish-founded water company Sirma faced boycott calls after a video showing a group of Israeli soldiers drinking their product in Gaza went viral onX.[822] In Turkey, boycott campaigns have targeted Starbucks, McDonald's,Burger King,Coca-Cola and Carrefour.[823] Boycotts of McDonalds and Starbucks severely impacted the chains in Southeast Asia.[824]
On 4 January 2024, McDonald's CEOChris Kempczinski stated the boycotts were hurting sales across the Middle East.[825] On 31 January, Starbucks CEOLaxman Narasimhan stated that boycotts of the company in the US and Middle East had caused the company to lower its yearly sales forecasts.[826] In March 2024, Starbucks announced more than 2,000 layoffs across the Middle East and North Africa due to the boycotts.[827]
Student protesters called on Columbia University to financially divest from any company with business ties to the Israeli government, includingMicrosoft,Google andAmazon.[837] NYU Alumni for Palestine called on New York University to "terminate all vendor contracts with companies playing active roles in the military occupation in Palestine and ongoing genocide in Gaza, namelyCisco, Lockheed Martin,Caterpillar andGeneral Electric".[838]
Limit request
Pro-Palestinian protesters in France demanded to limit the participation of Israeli athletes in the Olympics. These people gathered in front of the headquarters of the Olympic Games in Paris.[839]
Corporations
Pro-Palestinian protest in Ottawa, Canada, 23 November 2023
American companies have expressed support for Israel, including financial support.[840] Yale ProfessorJeffrey Sonnenfeld made a "list of companies have spoken out to condemn Hamas's terrorist attack on Israel".[841] According toAl Jazeera, few major corporations have expressed a position on "Israel's retaliatory air raids on Gaza".[842] Some companies have been criticized for their support; others have been criticized for their silence.[843][844] On 16 January 2024,Ben & Jerry's became one of the first multinational corporations to call for a ceasefire.[845]
Global protests
On 11 December 2023, a global strike was called, with activists encouraging participants to refrain from going to work, school, or making any purchases.[846] Supporters of the strike blocked the entrance ofThe New York Times.[847]
On 13 January 2024, on the 100th day since the beginning of the war, protests for a ceasefire were held around the world, including in London, Paris, Vienna, Berlin, Johannesburg, Amman, Washington DC, Baghdad, and Chicago.[848][849]
Journalists ofAgence France-Presse staged protests around the world in support of their colleagues in Gaza, with the AFP global news director stating, "The AFP newsroom wanted to express its whole-hearted support for our Gaza colleagues who are working in dire conditions and under constant fear of bombardment".[850]
Technology
Activists used social media, such asX andTikTok, to share information about the war.[851] Pro-Palestinian activists adopted the watermelon emoji[d]as a symbol to represent solidarity with the people of Gaza.[852]TikTok was a source of ire for some, with people such as former US presidentBarack Obama criticizing "TikTok activism" for obscuring context.[853] Celebrities, includingSacha Baron Cohen andAmy Schumer, held a private meeting with TikTok executives accusing them of spreading antisemitism.[854] TikTok stated it was not biased, but that young people were organically more supportive of Palestine.[855] On 18 November,Elon Musk announced any user who used the phrases "decolonization" or "from the river to the sea" would be suspended from X.[856][e] Pro-Palestinian content creators in the U.S. reported widespreadshadowbanning.[859] Critics of Israel also alleged they were censored or shadowbanned on the comment sections ofFinnish national media outlets in November.[860]
Anonymous Sudan, a hacker group, launched aDDoS attack onChatGPT[861][862] after Tal Broda – a member ofOpenAI's leadership – made social media posts which expressed support for Israel and called for more intense bombing in Gaza.[862][863][864]
In January 2024, the Israeli government reportedly purchased a technological system for conducting large-scale influence campaigns online.[865] In February 2024, Israeli supporters adopted AI tools to report pro-Palestinian content en masse for supposedly violating site guidelines.[866]
Misinformation in the Gaza war is generated bymachine learning models were used by activists to solicit support, as well as to create the artificial impression of broader support.[867] AI-generated images anddeepfakes went viral online, though they were simultaneously fact-checked.[868][869] Technology companies were accused of profiting from AI-generated images related to the war,[870] as well as for building models that generated content reflectinganti-Palestinian biases.[871]
TheIsraeli prosecutor's office sent over 8,000 removal requests toMeta and TikTok for content related to the war, resulting in 94% of the requests being removed.[872]The Intercept reported Meta had allowed Hebrew and Arabic-language ads, generated by digital rights advocates to test the limits ofFacebook's machine-learning moderation, calling for a "holocaust for the Palestinians".[873] In December 2023, Meta's independentoversight board released a report stating Facebook overly censored conflict-related posts, with civil rights organizations stating Meta had suppressed Palestinian content.[874]
Trade unions
On 16 October, thePalestinian General Federation of Trade Unions issued an urgent call for international trade unions to halt the arms trade to Israel.[875] On 31 October, transport workers' unions inBelgium instructed their members to refuse to handle military equipment headed to Israel.[876] On 7 November, the port stevedores' union inBarcelona refused to handle military material citing the war on Gaza, although the Spanish government said it had no plans to supply lethal weaponry for the conflict.[877] On 9 November, more than 2,900 doctors in theUnited Kingdom signed an open letter to theBritish Medical Association demanding action to support Gaza.[878] On 13 November, ten major trade unions inIndia called the war on Gaza "shamelessly genocidal" and urged workers to refuse to handle Israeli cargo.[879] On 18 February, the Water Transport Workers Federation of India stated it would not load or unload weapons to Israel.[880]
Pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses escalated in April 2024, spreadingin the United States andother countries, as part of wider Gaza war protests. The escalation, nicknamed by activists the "studentintifada", began on April 18 after mass arrests at theColumbia University campus occupation, led byanti-Zionist groups, in which protesters demanded the university'sdisinvestment from Israel over theGaza genocide. Over 3,100 protesters were arrested in the U.S., including faculty members and professors, on over 60 campuses. Protests spread across Europe in May with mass arrestsin the Netherlands, 20 encampments established in the United Kingdom, and across universities in Australia and Canada.
Queer advocacy during theGaza war has remained a significantly contentious topic. Manyqueer people allied themselves with pro-Palestinian causes, especially in protest movements against the ongoing war, against the allegedGaza genocide.[881][882] Some pro-Palestinian queers have claimed common cause betweenQueer liberation andPalestinian liberation,[883] though others have called such movementsantisemitic[884] and self-contradictory. Some pro-Israeli queers have complained about feeling excluded from traditionally queer spaces due to pro-Palestinian queer advocacy.[884][885]
13 October
Khaled Meshaal, a former leader of Hamas, appealed on 6 October for people "head to the squares and streets" in solidarity with Gaza on 13 October. In a later statement on 10 October, Meshaal explicitly called for protests in all cities with Muslim communities.[68][886][887] As a result ofdistorted rumours, media groups reported he had called for "global day of jihad" or a "day of rage", though his reported comments included neither phrase.[888][889] While the word "jihad" can refer to non-violent struggle, it has often been used radical groups to refer more narrowly to aholy war, and some took Meshaal's comments to advocate violence.[67][890]
TheIsraeli National Security Council and theForeign Ministry issued a press release cautioning protests were "liable to turn violent".[891][68] The Israeli government advised its citizens overseas to avoid any demonstrations or protests on 13 October.[892][893][891] Rumours and fears were widespread, and "day of jihad"-related threats were made against Jews and Muslims.[889][888] There was a heightened police presence at Jewish and Muslim sites, events were cancelled, and children stayed home from Jewish schools.[894][163]
As a result of the reports, rallies opposing Israeli military action were banned in France, and restricted in Germany and Hungary.[67][68][290][895][896][897] Germany's ban specifically barred praise for murder or manslaughter, burning of theIsraeli flag, or praise for the Hamas attack or the use of its symbols.[521] Peaceful protests occurred around the world on 13 October.[896][521] There were no major incidents in theAl-Aqsa area.[163] In Jordan, police fired tear gas at about 500 protestors approaching the border with the West Bank. Anti-Israel protests in the border areas were banned, but licensed protests were permitted elsewhere.[524] In the West Bank, four Palestinian protestors were killed by Israeli forces. Seven had been killed the previous day.[898]
AnIngush man carried outa stabbing attack at a school inArras, France, killing a teacher and injuring three staff members, in an attack that was linked to the supposed "Global Day of Jihad".[67] The suspect was previously known to the French security services for his involvement withradical Islamism.[899][900]
In a speech to theUnited States Senate,Majority LeaderChuck Schumer asked if "anybody [can] imagine a horrific terrorist attack in another country receiving such a reception", and warned that "Antisemites are taking advantage of the pro-Palestinian movement to espouse hatred and bigotry toward Jewish people".[905]
Nobel Prize laureateAaron Ciechanover criticized the presidents of "elite American universities" for their "feeble" response to the events on 7 October, for demonstrating "ignorance of the historical and geopolitical background of theconflict", for allowing demonstrations "accompanied by a wave ofantisemitism andanti-Israelism", and for failing to support Jewish students who find themselves afraid of visiting campus.[906]
Over 300 faculty members at theUniversity of Pennsylvania signed an open letter "calling on the University community to condemn the Hamas attacks on Israel and support Israel's right to defend itself".[907]
Over 300 faculty members atUniversity of California, Berkeley signed an open letter calling for the immediate release of all hostages held by Hamas, and expressing their "disappointment" with "some student organizations' support of Hamas".[908]
Students atYale andColumbia universities, and the parent of aCornell alumnus, started petitions for the dismissal of faculty members they accused of supporting or endorsing Hamas's attack. The petitions have drawn a total of over 100,000 signatories.[909][910][911]
According toVox, antisemitic incidents are on the rise in France, Germany, and the UK.[912]
On 28 January 2024, CongresswomanNancy Pelosi suggested that some pro-Palestinian protesters calling for a ceasefire could be connected toRussia and called on theFBI to investigate the possible connection.[913]
Ban
Algeria
In August 2025, Algerian authorities banned a planned pro-Palestine solidarity march, citing concerns over potential political unrest. Although the government has consistently expressed support for the Palestinian cause in international forums, it has imposed restrictions on public demonstrations, including those related to Gaza. The move drew criticism from opposition figures and civil society groups, who argued that the ban contradicted Algeria's official stance and reflected broader efforts to suppress public assembly since the2019 Hirak protests.[914]
Austria
InVienna, police banned a pro-Palestine protest on the grounds that it used the phrase "from the river to the sea" in its invites, which police alleged was a call to violence against Israelis.[915]
Fiji
Police denied an application by students of theUniversity of the South Pacific to march in solidarity with Palestine. Minister for Home AffairsPio Tikoduadua said that for the procession to be allowed, "they must, in fairness, grant permission to pro-Israeli groups who may wish to express their perspectives and grievances".[916]
France
France implemented a ban on all pro-Palestinian demonstrations.[917][918] Interior MinisterGerald Darmanin declared the ban, citing concerns related to public order. He emphasized that "Pro-Palestinian demonstrations must be prohibited because they are likely to generate disturbances to public order" and warned that organizing such protests would result in arrests.[919] Nonetheless, France's highest administrative court stated that pro-Palestinian protests should be assessed on a case-by-case basis, while still affirming the validity of Darmanin's directive.[920]
Germany
InGermany, authorities imposed prohibitions on most protests advocating for Palestinian rights[921] in response to reportedanti-Semitic occurrences during an anti-Israel protest.[304] A Berlin court upheld the ban on a scheduled pro-Palestinian demonstration in the city.[922] In the face of these restrictions, human rights organizations urged authorities to ensure and enable the rights of all people to express their opinions and peacefully assemble.[921][923]
Hungary
Referring to planned pro-Palestine rallies in Hungary, Prime ministerViktor Orbán said "it is shocking that there were sympathy rallies supporting the terrorists across Europe", and that Hungary "will not allow sympathy rallies supporting terrorist organisations", referring to Hamas.[924]
In February 2025, Turkish authorities rejected permission for theRepublican People's Party (CHP) to hold a pro-Palestine march onGalata Bridge. The party accused the authorities of double standards and the CHP chairman of Istanbul,Özgür Çelik [tr], condemned the decision.[927]
United Kingdom
Pro-Palestinian rally in London, 28 OctoberPro-Palestine demonstration inEdinburgh, 2 December
UK Home SecretarySuella Braverman urged police to consider the use ofPalestinian flags and some associated chants or symbols with the Palestinian cause (such as "from the river to the sea, Palestine will be free") in certain circumstances as a "racially aggravated" offence that should face legal consequences underSection 5 of the Public Order Act 1986.[928] Braverman was also criticized after she accused police of applying "double standards" and favouritism in their response to demonstrations, saying that aggressive right-wing protesters were "rightly met with a stern response", while "pro-Palestinian mobs" were "largely ignored".[929]
Exiled Egyptian television presenterMoataz Matar had his UK visa cancelled by the Home Office and was placed on a watchlist barring him from reentry after he was accused of supporting Hamas following his participation in a pro-Palestine protest in London.[930]
British author and political commentatorDouglas Murray claimed that pro-Palestinian protesters were openly supporting Hamas on the streets of Britain.[931][dubious –discuss]
Iran's Supreme LeaderAyatollah Ali Khamenei has praised the pro-Palestinian campus protests on Twitter, praising American students and suggesting they were "on the right side of history". He further described the protesting students as part of the "resistance front" against Israel and encouraged them to "become familiar with theQuran."[937][938][939]
^The announcement came afterDisney,Apple,Paramount andLionsgate pulled advertisements from X following Musk's endorsement of an antisemitic conspiracy theory, which US presidentJoe Biden called "abhorrent".[857][858]
^Patrick, Philip (2 December 2023)."The deep affinity between Japan and Israel".The Spectator.Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved14 June 2024.A crowd of 1,200 (big for Japan and probably greater than the number of Jews in the entire country) demonstrated in support of Israel in Tokyo earlier this month, just one of several similar events.
^Deutsch, Anthony; Meijer, Bart; Holton, Kate; Van Campenhout, Charlotte; McKay, Rich; Allen, Jonathan; Ax, Joseph; Fahy, Graham (9 May 2024). Perry, Michael; Fletcher, Philippa; Williams, Alison; Ellis, Aurora (eds.)."Amsterdam pro-Palestinian student protest broken up by police".Reuters.Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved9 May 2024.
^Willem, Feenstra; Haro, Kraak; Mark, Misérus; Loes, Reijmer; Marjolein, van de Water (8 November 2024)."Hoe de oorlog in het Midden-Oosten Amsterdam in geweld onderdompelde" [How the Middle East War Engulfed Amsterdam in Violence].De Volkskrant (in Dutch).Archived from the original on 13 November 2024. Retrieved10 November 2024.
^Pavkov, Ksenija (13 October 2023)."Protest podrške narodu Palestine u Novom Sadu" [A protest in support of the people of Palestine in Novi Sad].N1 (in Serbian).Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved14 October 2023.
^Demonstrators rally behind Israel's Eurovision entry (Video).Reuters. Retrieved16 May 2024 – via Facebook.Around a hundred people gathered at a pro-Israeli protest in Malmo, Sweden, to support Israel's Eden Golan, who qualified for the final of...
^Eichner, Itamar (29 October 2023)."Ukraine is the most pro-Israeli country in Europe, Israeli envoy says".Ynetnews.Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved29 October 2023.Despite the prohibition on gatherings during the war, a support rally took place in Kyiv. More than 100 people attended the event, lighting candles and expressing their solidarity with Israel. The mayor of Kyiv made a particularly touching gesture by projecting the Israeli flag on numerous advertising screens across the city. Similar displays of support were witnessed in other cities including Lviv, Odesa, Kharkiv and Dnipro.
^"GFTU Statement on Palestine".General Federation of Trade Unions. 25 October 2023.Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved12 November 2023.
^"Massive March In Istanbul Condemns Israeli Genocide In Gaza". Yemen: Al-Thawrah. 20 April 2025.Archived from the original on 23 April 2025. Retrieved20 April 2025.A massive march was held on Sunday in Istanbul under the slogan 'Gaza is Dying! Rise Up,'...A similar rally was held last Sunday in Istanbul, also drawing thousands of demonstrators under the same slogan
^"Protester self-immolates outside Israeli consulate in Atlanta".Reuters. 2 December 2023.We are saddened to learn of the self-immolation at the entrance to the office building," the consul general of Israel to the southeastern U.S., Anat Sultan-Dadon, told ABC News. "It is tragic to see the hate and incitement toward Israel expressed in such a horrific way. The sanctity of life is our highest value.
^ab"Cientos de puertorriqueños piden una Palestina libre y el fin del "genocidio" israelí" [Hundreds of Puerto Ricans call for a free Palestine and an end to the Israeli "genocide"].Yahoo! News (in Spanish).Agencia EFE. 17 October 2023. Retrieved29 May 2024.Ondeando banderas palestinas y puertorriqueñas, los organizadores reconocieron la unión entre ambos territorios por su condición colonial. Zoan Dávila, dirigente de la Colectiva feminista en construcción, dijo a EFE que los puertorriqueños se identifican con los palestinos y sienten que es "una sola lucha" porque también sufren "el poder imperialista aplastante".
^"Puerto Ricans take to the streets against Kamala Harris's visit".Brasil de Fato. 26 March 2024. Retrieved29 May 2024.Protests were organized by pro-Puerto Rican independence organizations such as Jornada Se Acabaron Las Promesas, Comuna Caribe, Boricuas for Palestine, and Communists Workers and Students for Social Change.
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