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LGBTQ rights by country or territory

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected fromGay rights)

For historical and current movements to further LGBTQ rights, seeLGBTQ movements. For intersex rights, seeIntersex human rights.

"LGBTQ right" redirects here. For the right-wing LGBTQ movement, seeLGBTQ conservatism.

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**Worldwide laws regarding same-sex intercourse, unions and expression**
**Same-sex intercourse illegal.** Penalties:
  Death
  Prison; death not enforced
  Death under militias
  Prison, with arrests or detention
  Prison, not enforced¹
**Same-sex intercourse legal.** Recognition of unions:
  Marriage
  Extraterritorial marriage²
  Civil unions
  Limited domestic
  Limited foreign
  Optional certification
  None
  Restrictions of expression, not enforced
  Restrictions of association with arrests or detention

¹No imprisonment in the past three years^[timeframe?] ormoratorium on law.
²Marriage not available locally. Some jurisdictions may perform other types of partnerships.

**LGBTQI+ rights at the United Nations**
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Neither States which did not support either declaration

Non-member states States that are not voting members of the United Nations

Oppose States which supported an opposing declaration in 2008 and continued their opposition in 2011

Subsequent member South Sudan, did not exist in 2008

**Support** States which supported the LGBT rights declaration in the General Assembly or on the Human Rights Council in 2008 or 2011

LGBTQ rights
Part ofa series on

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Timeline Years List Category
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LGBTQ portal
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Rights

Theoretical distinctions
Claim rights and liberty rights Individual and group rights Natural rights and legal rights Negative and positive rights
Human rights
Civil and political Economic, social and cultural Three generations
Rights by beneficiary
Accused Animals Autistic Children Consumers Creditors Deaf Disabled Elders Family Farmers Fetuses Humans Indigenous Intersex Kings LGBT Transgender Men Minorities Parents Fathers Mothers Patients Peasants Plants Prisoners Robots States Students Victims Women Workers Youth
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Part ofa series on

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Sexual orientation andgender

History

General
Timeline Same-sex marriage Homosexuality Movements Gay liberation Same-sex unions Stonewall riots
Identities
Lesbian Bisexual Transgender Intersex

Issues

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LGBTQ portal

Discrimination
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Forms Institutional Structural Statistical Systemic Taste-based
Attributes Age Caste Class Dialect Disability Economic Genetic Hair texture Height Language Looks Mental disorder Nationality or citizenship Race / Ethnicity Skin color Scientific racism Rank Sex Sexual orientation Species Size Viewpoint
Social Arophobia Anti-albinism Acephobia Adultism Anti-altruistic Anti-autism Anti-homelessness Anti-drug addicts Anti-intellectualism Anti-intersex Anti-left handedness Anti-Masonry Aporophobia Audism Biphobia Clannism Elitism Ephebiphobia Health mental in poverty Fatphobia Gayphobia Gerontophobia Heterosexism HIV/AIDS stigma Hypergamy Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Lesbophobia Against men Misandry Misogyny Nepotism Outgroup Pedophobia Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism Black Hutu Chauvinism Han Female Human Nordicism Male Jewish Ultranationalism White Transphobia Non-binary Transmisogyny Trans men Vegaphobia Xenophobia
Religious Atheism Campaigns in China Exclusivism Baháʼí Faith Buddhism Christianity Persecution Catholicism Eastern Orthodoxy Coptic Christianity Jehovah's Witnesses LDS or Mormon Protestantism Tewahedo Orthodoxy post–Cold War era Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Religious police Punishment of apostasy Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari Sikhism Yazidism Zoroastrianism
Race or ethnicity Afghan African Albanian Arab Armenian Asian France South Africa United States Assyrian Australian Austrian Azerbaijani Black people African Americans China South Africa Bengali Bulgarian Catalan Chechen Chinese Han people Colombian Croat Dutch English Estonian Filipino French Fulani Finnish Georgian German Greek Haitian Hazara Hungarian Igbo Indian Indigenous people Australia Canada United States Iranian Irish Italian Japanese Jewish Eliminationist New Religious Anti-Yiddish Zionist Korean Kurdish Lithuanian Malay Māori Mexican Middle Eastern Mongolian Montenegrin Nigerian Pakistani Palestinians Pashtun Polish Portuguese Quebec Romani Romanian Russian Scottish Serb Slavic Somali Spanish Taiwanese Tatar Thai Tibetan Turkish Ukrainian Uyghur Venezuelan Vietnamese Welsh White people
Manifestations Algorithmic bias Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups Blood libel Bullying Cancel culture Capital punishment for homosexuality Carnism Cognitive Compulsory sterilization Corrective rape Counter-jihad Cultural genocide Defamation Democide Dog whistle Domicide Economic Education Academic In curricula Sexism Eliminationism Eliminationist antisemitism Employment Enemy of the people Environmental racism Ethnic cleansing Ethnic conflict Ethnic hatred Ethnic joke Ethnocide Excellence Gender-based dress codes Cosmetics policy High heel policy Forced conversion Freak show Funding Gay bashing Gendercide Transgender genocide Genital modification and mutilation Circumcision Female genital mutilation Intersex medical interventions Genocide examples Glass ceiling Hate crime Disability hate crime Violence against LGBTQ people Violence against transgender people Hate group Hate speech Institutional Abuse Discrimination Racism Homeless dumping Housing Hypergamy Age disparity Indian rolling International inequality Kill Haole Day Lavender scare LGBTQ+ grooming conspiracy theory Linguicide Lynching Media Minority stress Moral exclusion Mortgage Murder music Native American mascots Braves Blackhawks Chiefs Occupational Apartheid Inequality Injustice Segregation Opposition to immigration Paper genocide Persecution Pogrom Political Political repression Ideological repression Purge Racialization Religious persecution Religious terrorism Religious violence Religious war Scapegoating Segregation academy Selective prosecution Sentencing disparity Sexual harassment Sex-selective abortion Slut-shaming Structural abuse Structural discrimination Structural evil Structural inequality Structural violence Suicide Untermensch Trans bashing Victimisation Violence against women White flight White genocide conspiracy theory Wife selling Witch hunt
Policies Algorithmic wage discrimination Age of candidacy Blood purity Blood quantum Breadwinner model Conscription and sexism Crime of apartheid Disabilities Catholic Jewish Disparate impact Fagging Gender pay gap Gender roles Protecting Women's Private Spaces Act Gerontocracy Gerrymandering Ghetto benches Internment Jewish quota Law for Protection of the Nation LGBTQ rights opposition MSM blood donation restrictions No kid zone Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota) One-drop rule Racial quota Racial segregation Jim Crow laws Nuremberg Laws Racial steering Redlining Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) Segregation age racial religious sexual Social exclusion Sodomy law State atheism State religion Ugly law Voter suppression
Countermeasures Affirmative action Anti-discrimination law Anti-racism Audit study Autism rights movement Blind audition Constitutional colorblindness Cultural assimilation Cultural pluralism Diversity, equity, and inclusion Diversity training Empowerment Fat acceptance movement Feminism Fighting Discrimination Golden Rule Hate speech laws by country Human rights Intersex human rights Korenizatsiia LGBTQ rights Music in the movement against apartheid Nonviolence Racial integration Reappropriation Rock Against Sexism Self-determination Social integration Toleration Transgender rights movement Universal suffrage Women's rights
Related topics Allophilia Alterity Amatonormativity Bias Cisnormativity Civil liberties Criminalization of homosexuality Dehumanization Diseases of despair Diversity Multiculturalism Neurodiversity Ethnic penalty Figleaf Gender-blind Heteronormativity Historical eugenics Internalized oppression Intersectionality Mad pride Masculism Medical model of disability autism Net bias Nonperson Oikophobia Oppression Police brutality Respect Polyculturalism Power distance Prejudice Prisoner abuse Racial bias in criminal news in the United States Racism by country Racial color blindness Religious intolerance Reverse discrimination Reverse racism Reverse sexism Second-generation gender bias Snobbery Social equity Social exclusion Social identity threat Social model of disability Social privilege Christian male white Social stigma Speciesism Stereotype threat The talk Zionism
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Rights affectinglesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender andqueer (LGBTQ) people vary greatly by country or jurisdiction—encompassing everything from the legal recognition ofsame-sex marriage to thedeath penalty for homosexuality.

**Laws concerning gender identity-expression by country or territory**
  Legal identity change, surgery not required
  Legal identity change, surgery required
  No legal identity change
  Unknown/Ambiguous

Notably, as of January 2025^[update], 38 countries recognizesame-sex marriage.^[1]^[2] By contrast, not counting non-state actors and extrajudicial killings, only two countries are believed to impose the death penalty on consensual same-sex sexual acts:Iran andAfghanistan.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] The death penalty isofficially law, but generallynot practiced, inMauritania,Saudi Arabia,Somalia (in the autonomous state ofJubaland) and theUnited Arab Emirates.^[7]^[8] LGBT people also face extrajudicial killings in the Russian region ofChechnya.^[9]Sudan rescinded its unenforced death penalty for anal sex (hetero- or homosexual) in 2020. Fifteen countries have stoning on the books as apenalty for adultery, which (in light of the illegality of gay marriage in those countries) would by default include gay sex, but this is enforced by the legal authorities in Iran andNigeria (in the northern third of the country).^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

In 2011, theUnited Nations Human Rights Council passed its first resolution recognizing LGBT rights, following which theOffice of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights issued a report documenting violations of the rights of LGBT people, includinghate crimes,criminalization of homosexual activity, anddiscrimination. Following the issuance of the report, theUnited Nations urged all countries which had not yet done so to enact laws protecting basic LGBT rights.^[15]^[16] A 2022 study found that LGBT rights (as measured byILGA-Europe's Rainbow Index) were correlated with less HIV/AIDS incidence among gay and bisexual men independently of risky sexual behavior.^[17]

The 2023Equaldex Equality Index ranks theNordic countries,Chile,Uruguay,Canada, theBenelux countries,Spain,Andorra, andMalta among the best for LGBT rights. The index ranksNigeria,Yemen,Brunei,Afghanistan,Somalia,Mauritania,Palestine, andIran among the worst.^[18]^{[better source needed]} Asher & Lyric ranked Canada,Sweden, and theNetherlands as the three safest nations for LGBT people in its 2023 index.^[19]

Scope of laws

Laws that affect LGBT people include, but are not limited to, the following:

laws concerning the recognition ofsame-sex relationships, includingsame-sex marriage,civil unions, anddomestic partnerships
laws concerningsame-sex parenting, includingsame-sex adoption
anti-discrimination laws in employment, housing, education, public accommodations
anti-bullying legislation to protect LGBT children at school
hate crime laws imposing enhanced criminal penalties for prejudice-motivatedviolence against LGBT people
bathroom bills affecting access to sex-segregated facilities by transgender people
laws related tosexual orientation and military service
laws concerning access toassisted reproductive technology
sodomy laws that penalize consensual same-sex sexual activity. These may or may not target homosexuals, males or males and females, or leave some homosexual acts legal.
adultery laws that same-sex couples are subject to
age of consent laws that may impose higher ages for same-sex sexual activity
laws regardingdonation of blood, corneas, and other tissues by men who have sex with men
laws concerning access togender-affirming surgery andgender-affirming hormone replacement therapy
legal recognition and accommodation of the affirmed gender.

History of LGBT-related laws

Ancient India

Ayoni or non-vaginal sex of all types is punishable in theArthashastra. Homosexual acts are, however, treated as a smaller offence punishable by a fine, while unlawful heterosexual sex carries much harsher punishment. TheDharmsastras, especially the later ones, prescribe against non-vaginal sex like theVashistha Dharmasutra. TheYājñavalkya Smṛti prescribes fines for such acts including those with other men.Manusmriti prescribes light punishments for such acts.^[20]^[21] Vanita states that the verses about punishment for a sex between female and a maiden is due to its strong emphasis on a maiden's sexual purity.^[22]

Ancient Israel

The ancientLaw of Moses (theTorah) forbids people from lying with people of the same sex (i.e., from havingintercourse) inLeviticus 18 and gives a story of attempted homosexual rape inGenesis 19, in the story ofSodom and Gomorrah, after which the cities were soon destroyed with "brimstone and fire, from the Lord"^[23]^[24] and the death penalty was prescribed to its inhabitants – and toLot's wife, who was turned into a pillar of salt because she turned back to watch the cities' destruction.^[25]^[26] InDeuteronomy 22:5,cross-dressing is condemned as "abominable".^[27]^[28]

Assyria

InAssyrian society,sex crimes were punished identically whether they were homosexual or heterosexual.^[29] An individual faced no punishment for penetrating someone of equalsocial class, a cult prostitute, or with someone whosegender roles were not considered solidly masculine.^[29] Such sexual relations were even seen as goodfortune, with anAkkadian tablet, theŠumma ālu, reading, "If a man copulates with his equal from the rear, he becomes the leader among his peers and brothers".^[30]^[31] However, homosexual relationships with fellow soldiers, slaves, royal attendants, or those where a social better wassubmissive or penetrated, were treated as badomens.^[32]^[33]

Middle AssyrianLaw Codes dating 1075 BC has a particularly harsh law forhomosexuality in the military, which reads: "If a man have intercourse with his brother-in-arms, they shall turn him into aeunuch."^[34]^[35] A similar law code reads, "If a seignior lay with his neighbor, when they have prosecuted him (and) convicted him, they shall lie with him (and) turn him into a eunuch". This law code condemns a situation that involves homosexualrape. Any Assyrian male could visit aprostitute or lie with another male, just as long as false rumors or forced sex were not involved with another male.^[36]

Ancient Rome

In ancient Rome, the bodies of citizen youths were strictly off-limits, and theLex Scantinia imposed penalties on those who committed a sex crime(stuprum) against afreeborn male minor.^[37] Acceptable same-sex partners were males excluded from legal protections as citizens:slaves, maleprostitutes, and theinfames, entertainers or others who might be technically free but whose lifestyles set them outside the law.

A male citizen who willingly performedoral sex or receivedanal sex was disparaged, but there is only limited evidence of legal penalties against these men.^[38] In courtroom and political rhetoric, charges ofeffeminacy and passive sexual behaviors were directed particularly at "democratic" politicians(populares) such asJulius Caesar andMark Antony.^[39]

Roman law addressed therape of a male citizen as early as the 2nd century BC when it was ruled that even a man who was "disreputable and questionable" had the same right as other citizens not to have his body subjected to forced sex.^[40] A law probably dating to thedictatorship of Julius Caesar defined rape as forced sex against "boy, woman, or anyone"; the rapist was subject to execution, a rare penalty in Roman law.^[41] A male classified asinfamis, such as a prostitute or actor, could not as a matter of law be raped, nor could a slave, who was legally classified as property; the slave's owner, however, could prosecute the rapist for property damage.^[42]

In theRoman army of the Republic,sex among fellow soldiers violated the decorum against intercourse with citizens and was subject to harsh penalties, including death,^[43] as a violation ofmilitary discipline.^[44] The Greek historianPolybius (2nd century BC) listsdeserters, thieves,perjurers, and "...on young men who have abused their persons" as subject to thefustuarium, clubbing to death.^[45] Ancient sources are most concerned with the effects ofsexual harassment by officers, but the young soldier who brought an accusation against his superior needed to show that he had not willingly taken the passive role or prostituted himself.^[46] Soldiers were free to haverelations with their male slaves;^[47] the use of a fellow citizen-soldier's body was prohibited, not homosexual behaviors per se.^[48] By the late Republic and throughout theImperial period, there is increasing evidence that men whose lifestyle marked them as "homosexual" in the modern sense served openly.^[49]

Although Roman law did not recognize marriage between men, and in general Romans regarded marriage as a heterosexual union with the primary purpose of producing children, in the early Imperial period some male couples were celebratingtraditional marriage rites.Juvenal remarks with disapproval that his friends often attended such ceremonies.^[50] The emperorNero had two marriages to men, once as the bride (with afreedman Pythagoras) and once as the groom. His consortSporus appeared in public as Nero's wife wearing the regalia that was customary for the Roman empress.^[51]

Apart from measures to protect the prerogatives of citizens, the prosecution of homosexuality as a general crime began in the 3rd century of the Christian era whenmale prostitution was banned byPhilip the Arab. By the end of the 4th century, after theRoman Empire had come underChristian rule, passive homosexuality waspunishable by burning.^[52] "Death by sword" was the punishment for a "man coupling like a woman" under theTheodosian Code.^[53] UnderJustinian, all same-sex acts, passive or active, no matter who the partners are, were declared contrary to nature and punishable by death.^[54]

British Empire

TheUnited Kingdom introduced anti-homosexuality laws throughout its colonies, particularly in the 19th century when theBritish Empire was at its peak.^[55] As of 2018, more than half of the 71 countries that criminalised homosexuality were former British colonies or protectorates.^[56]

Netherlands

In 2001, the Netherlands was the first country in the world tolegalize same-sex marriage.^[57]

Global LGBT rights maps

Note that for simplicity the table below does not distinguish between 'legal' and 'lawful'. An action can only be legal or illegal where a specific law has been passed.

Laws regarding same-sex sexuality by country or territory

LGBT rights at the United Nations
Support Countries which have signed aGeneral Assembly declaration of LGBT rights or sponsored theHuman Rights Council's2011 resolution on LGBT rights (96 members) Oppose Countries which signeda 2008 statement opposing LGBT rights (initially 57 members,now54 members after withdrawal of Fiji, Rwanda and Sierra Leone) Neither Countries which, as regards the UN, have expressed neither official support nor opposition to LGBT rights (44 members)

LGBT rights at the United Nations

**Support**
Countries which have signed aGeneral Assembly declaration of LGBT rights or sponsored theHuman Rights Council's2011 resolution on LGBT rights (**96 members**)
  **Oppose**
Countries which signeda 2008 statement opposing LGBT rights (initially 57 members,now54 members after withdrawal of Fiji, Rwanda and Sierra Leone)
  Neither
Countries which, as regards the UN, have expressed neither official support nor opposition to LGBT rights (**44 members**)

Homosexual "propaganda" and "morality" laws by country or territory
Homosexual "propaganda" and "morality" laws by country or territory Countries or territories that do not have homosexual "propaganda" or "morality" laws Fine^[58] Imprisonment

Decriminalization of same-sex sexual intercourse by country or territory
1791–1850 1850–1945 1946–1989 1990–present Unknown date of legalization of same-sex intercourse Same-sex sexual intercourse always legal Still criminalized

Equalization of age of consent laws for same-sex couples by country or territory
1790–1829 1830–1839 1840–1859 1860–1869 1870–1879 1880–1889 1890–1929 1930–1939 1940–1949¹ 1950–1959 1960–1969 1970–1979 1980–1989 1990–1999 2000–2009 2010–2019 2020–present Unknown date for equal age of consent laws for opposite and same-sex couples No consent laws/equal age of consent laws always equal for opposite and same-sex couples Unequal age of consent laws for same-sex couples Same-sex sexual intercourse illegal ¹DuringWorld War II,Nazi Germany annexed or occupied territory, extendingGermany's laws against same-sex sexual intercourse. Age of consent was previously equalized for same-sex couples in the following countries or territories before the war:Belluno (legal in 1890),Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol (legal in 1890),Friuli-Venezia Giulia (legal in 1890),^[59]^[60] andPoland (decriminalized in 1932).^[61]^[62] During World War II Germany did not consistently enforce anti-homosexual laws in all occupied countries.^[63]^[64] All countries and territories listed that were annexed or established into reichskommissariats by Nazi Germany during World War II were restored as independent countries or reincorporated into their previous countries during or after the war and thus re-legalized equal age of consent laws for same-sex couples in those areas.^{[citation needed]}

Equalization of age of consent laws for same-sex couples by country or territory

1790–1829
  1830–1839
  1840–1859
  1860–1869
  1870–1879
  1880–1889
  1890–1929
  1930–1939
  1940–1949¹
  1950–1959
  1960–1969
  1970–1979
  1980–1989
  1990–1999
  2000–2009
  2010–2019
  2020–present
  Unknown date for equal age of consent laws for opposite and same-sex couples
  No consent laws/equal age of consent laws always equal for opposite and same-sex couples
  Unequal age of consent laws for same-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual intercourse illegal
¹DuringWorld War II,Nazi Germany annexed or occupied territory, extendingGermany's laws against same-sex sexual intercourse. Age of consent was previously equalized for same-sex couples in the following countries or territories before the war:Belluno (legal in 1890),Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol (legal in 1890),Friuli-Venezia Giulia (legal in 1890),^[59]^[60] andPoland (decriminalized in 1932).^[61]^[62] During World War II Germany did not consistently enforce anti-homosexual laws in all occupied countries.^[63]^[64] All countries and territories listed that were annexed or established into reichskommissariats by Nazi Germany during World War II were restored as independent countries or reincorporated into their previous countries during or after the war and thus re-legalized equal age of consent laws for same-sex couples in those areas.^{[citation needed]}

Legal status of same-sex marriage
Marriage open to same-sex couples Mixed jurisdiction: marriage recognized by the state but not by tribal government for residents who are members of the tribe Legislation or binding domestic court ruling establishing same-sex marriage, but marriage is not yet provided for Same-sex marriage recognized with full rights when performed in certain other jurisdictions Civil unions or domestic partnerships Limited legal recognition Local certification without legal force Limited recognition of marriage performed in certain other jurisdictions (residency rights for spouses) Other countries where same-sex unions are not legally recognized

Legal status of same-sex marriage

Marriage open to same-sex couples
  Mixed jurisdiction: marriage recognized by the state but not by tribal government for residents who are members of the tribe
  Legislation or binding domestic court ruling establishing same-sex marriage, but marriage is not yet provided for
  Same-sex marriage recognized with full rights when performed in certain other jurisdictions
  Civil unions or domestic partnerships
  Limited legal recognition
  Local certification without legal force
  Limited recognition of marriage performed in certain other jurisdictions (residency rights for spouses)
  Other countries where same-sex unions are not legally recognized

Legal status of adoption by same-sex couples by country or territory
Joint adoption allowed Second-parent adoption allowed No laws allowing adoption by same-sex couples and no same-sex marriage Same-sex marriage but adoption by married same-sex couples not allowed

LGBTQ service in national militaries by country or territory
All LGBT people can serve GBT men can serve LGB people can serve GB men can serve Ambiguous/unknown policy LGBT people are banned from serving No military

Employment discrimination laws by sexual orientation or gender identity by country or territory
Sexual orientation and gender identity: all employment Sexual orientation with anti–employment discrimination ordinance and gender identity solely in public employment Sexual orientation: all employment Gender identity: all employment Sexual orientation and gender identity: federal public employment and federal contractors Sexual orientation and gender identity: public employment Sexual orientation: public employment No national-level employment laws covering sexual orientation or gender identity

Employment discrimination laws by sexual orientation or gender identity by country or territory

Sexual orientation and gender identity: all employment
  Sexual orientation with anti–employment discrimination ordinance and gender identity solely in public employment
  Sexual orientation: all employment
  Gender identity: all employment
  Sexual orientation and gender identity: federal public employment and federal contractors
  Sexual orientation and gender identity: public employment
  Sexual orientation: public employment
  No national-level employment laws covering sexual orientation or gender identity

Anti-discrimination laws covering goods and services by sexual orientation and/or gender identity by country or territory
Countries and territories with LGBT anti-discrimination laws in goods and services Sexual orientation and gender identity covered Sexual orientation covered Gender identity covered No national or local level anti-discrimination laws covering sexual orientation and/or gender identity in goods and services

Constitutional discrimination laws by sexual orientation and/or gender identity by country or territory
Sexual orientation and gender identity covered Sexual orientation covered Gender identity covered No national or local level constitutional discrimination laws covering sexual orientation and/or gender identity

LGBTQ hate crime laws by country or territory
Sexual orientation and gender identity hate crime laws Sexual orientation hate crime laws No LGBT hate crime laws

Incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation and gender identity prohibited by country or territory
Incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation and gender identity prohibited Incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation prohibited No prohibition on incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation and gender identity

Legal status onconversion therapy for minors on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity by country or territory
Ban on conversion therapy on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity De facto ban on conversion therapy No ban on conversion therapy

Immigration equality by country or territory^{[citation needed]}
Recognition of same-sex couples in national immigration laws Unknown/ambiguous

Bans on same-sex unions by country or territory
No specific prohibition of same-sex marriages or unions Same-sex marriage banned by secular constitution Same-sex marriage banned by constitutionally mandated religious law ^{[original research?]}

Blood donation policies for men who have sex with men by country or territory
Blood donation policies for men who have sex with men Men who have sex with men may donate blood;No deferral Men who have sex with men may donate blood;Temporary deferral Men who have sex with men may not donate blood;Permanent deferral No Data

Blood donation policies for female sex partners of men who have sex with men by country or territory^{[needs update]}
Blood donation policies for female sex partners of men who have sex with men Female sex partners of men who have sex with men may donate blood;No deferral Female sex partners of men who have sex with men may donate blood;Temporary deferral Female sex partners of men who have sex with men may not donate blood;Permanent deferral No Data

Laws concerning gender identity-expression by country or territory
Legal identity change, surgery not required Legal identity change, surgery required No legal identity change Unknown/Ambiguous

Legal recognition of non-binary genders and third gender
Nonbinary / third gender available as voluntary opt-in Opt-in for intersex people only Standard for third gender Standard for intersex Nonbinary / third gender not legally recognized / no data

Timeline

Decriminalization of homosexuality timeline
	Countries/Territories/States
Never been illegal/Never criminalized	List Aruba, Netherlands Benin Burkina Faso Cambodia Central African Republic Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Australia Congo DR Congo Christmas Island, Australia Curaçao, Netherlands Djibouti Equatorial Guinea French Polynesia, France Indonesia^[a] Ivory Coast Laos Madagascar Mayotte, France Micronesia New Caledonia, France Niger North Korea Rwanda Sint Maarten, Netherlands South Korea Philippines Vietnam Wallis and Futuna, France
18th century	List 1791:Andorra Kingdom of France (includes Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion, San Barthélemy, Saint Martin, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon) Saint-Domingue (Haiti) 1793:Monaco 1794:Luxembourg 1795:Belgium 1798:Geneva, Switzerland Ticino, Switzerland Vaud, Switzerland Valais, Switzerland
19th century	List 1811:Netherlands 1822:Dominican Republic El Salvador 1830:Empire of Brazil 1832:Bolivia 1853:Argentina 1858:Ottoman Empire (Turkey) 1864:San Marino 1869:Dutch Guiana (Suriname) 1871:Guatemala Mexico 1882:Empire of Japan 1890:Kingdom of Italy Vatican City 1899:Honduras
20th century	List 1912:Taiwan 1924:Peru 1933:Denmark (includesGreenland and theFaroe Islands) 1932:Poland 1934:Uruguay 1940:Kingdom of Iceland 1942: Switzerland (nationwide) 1944:Sweden 1951:Greece Jordan West Bank, Palestine 1956:Thailand 1961:Hungary 1962:Czecho slovakia Illinois, United States 1967:England and Wales, United Kingdom 1968:Bulgaria East Germany 1969:Canada West Germany 1971:Austria Connecticut, United States Costa Rica Finland 1972:Colorado, United States Oregon, United States Norway 1973:Delaware, United States Hawaii, United States Malta North Dakota, United States 1974:Massachusetts, United States Ohio, United States 1975:East Timor New Hampshire, United States New Mexico, United States South Australia, Australia 1976:Australian Capital Territory, Australia Bahrain California, United States Indiana, United States Maine, United States Washington, United States West Virginia, United States 1977:Socialist Republic of Croatia Socialist Republic of Montengro Socialist Republic of Slovenia South Dakota, United States Vermont, United States Wyoming, United States 1978:Guam, United States Iowa, United States Nebraska, United States New Jersey, United States 1979:Cuba Spain 1980:American Samoa, United States New York, United States Pennsylvania, United States 1981:Colombia Scotland, United Kingdom Victoria, Australia 1982:Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 1983:Guernsey, United Kingdom Northern Mariana Islands, United States Northern Territory, Australia Portugal Wisconsin, United States 1984:New South Wales, Australia 1985:United States Virgin Islands, United States 1986:New Zealand 1988:Israel 1989:Falkland Islands, United Kingdom Liechtenstein 1990:Jersey, United Kingdom Paraguay Western Australia, Australia 1991:Bahamas Abkhazia British Hong Kong Queensland, Australia South Ossetia Ukraine 1992:Estonia Isle of Man, United Kingdom Kentucky, United States Latvia 1993:District of Columbia, United States Gibraltar, United Kingdom Guinea Bissau Ireland Lithuania Mongolia Nevada, United States Norfolk Island, Australia Russia^[b] 1994:Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija Belarus Bermuda, United Kingdom Republic of Serbia 1995:Albania Moldova 1996:Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina Portuguese Macau North Macedonia Romania Tennessee, United States 1997:China Ecuador Montana, United States Tasmania, Australia Venezuela 1998:Cyprus Georgia, United States Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Rhode Island, United States South Africa Tajikistan 1999:Chile Maryland, United States 2000:Akrotiri and Dhekelia, United Kingdom Azerbaijan Georgia
21st century	List 2001:Anguilla, United Kingdom Arizona, United States Brčko District, Bosnia and Herzegovina British Virgin Islands, United Kingdom Cayman Islands, United Kingdom Minnesota, United States Montserrat, United Kingdom Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, United Kingdom Pitcairn Islands, United Kingdom Turks and Caicos Islands, United Kingdom 2002:Arkansas, United States Transnistria 2003:Armenia Tokelau, New Zealand United States (nationwide) 2004:Cape Verde 2005:Marshall Islands 2007:Nepal Vanuatu 2008:Nicaragua Panama 2010:Fiji 2012:Lesotho São Tomé and Príncipe 2014:Northern Cyprus Palau 2015:Mozambique 2016:Belize Nauru Seychelles 2018:India Trinidad and Tobago 2019:Botswana 2020:Gabon 2021:Angola Bhutan 2022:Antigua and Barbuda Barbados Singapore Saint Kitts and Nevis 2023:Cook Islands, New Zealand Mauritius 2024:Dominica Namibia
	Notes Note that while this template lists several historical countries, such as the Kingdom of France, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, etc., for the sake of clarity, the flags shown are contemporary flags. When a country has decriminalized, re-criminalized, and decriminalized again (e.g. Albania, Bulgaria, Spain, republics of the Soviet Union) only the later decriminalization date is included. Countries which have decriminalized and since re-criminalized (e.g. Iraq) are excluded.

LGBT-related laws by country or territory

Note: A country in this list is to be presumed to have equalized the age of consent at the same time as it decriminalized homosexual acts, unless otherwise noted.

Africa

Main article:LGBTQ rights in Africa

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Africa

This table:

Northern Africa

LGBTQ rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGB people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Algeria	Illegal since 1966 Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment with fines up to 10,000 dinars.^[65] Torture,^[66] beatings,^[67] or vigilante executions are also common.
Canary Islands (Autonomous community ofSpain)	Legal since 1979 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	De facto unions legal since 2003^[69]	Legal since 2005^[70]	Legal since 2005^[71]^[72]	Spain responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[73]	Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender^[74]
Ceuta (Autonomous city ofSpain)	Legal since 1979 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	De facto union since 1998^[75]	Legal since 2005^[70]	Legal since 2005^[71]	Spain responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination	Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender^[74]
Egypt	/ Ambiguous. Malede jure legal, butde facto illegal since 2000 Penalty: Up to 17 years imprisonment with or without hard labour and with or without fines under broadly-written morality laws.^[68]^[76]
Libya	Illegal since 1953 (asKingdom of Libya) Penalty: Up to 5 years in jail or vigilante execution.^[77]^[78]
Madeira (Autonomous region ofPortugal)	Legal since 1983 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	De facto union since 2001^[79]^[80]	Legal since 2010^[81]	Legal since 2016^[82]^[83]^[84]	Portugal responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination.^[73]	Since 2011, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender^[85]
Melilla (Autonomous city ofSpain)	Legal since 1979 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	De facto union since 2008^[86]	Legal since 2005^[70]	Legal since 2005^[71]	Spain responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[87]	Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender^[74]
Morocco (includingSouthern Provinces)	Illegal since 1962 Penalty: Up to 3 to 6 years imprisonment with hard labour.^[68]^[88]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Disputed territory; excludingSouthern Provinces)	Illegal Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment.^[68]^[89]^[90]
Sudan	Illegal since 1899 (asAnglo-Egyptian Sudan) Penalty: Life imprisonment for a third offense of anal sex.^[91]
Tunisia	Illegal since 1913 (as theFrench protectorate of Tunisia) Penalty: 3 years imprisonment.^[68]^[92] ^[93]

Western Africa

LGBTQ rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGB people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Benin	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);^[68]^[94] Equal age of consent since 2018.					Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Burkina Faso	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country, Criminalization pending)^[95]		Constitutional ban since 1991
Cape Verde	Legal since 2004 + UN decl. sign.^[68]					Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[68]
Gambia	Illegal since 1888 (as theGambia Colony and Protectorate) Penalty: Up to Iife imprisonment.^[68]^[96]^[97]						Forms of gender expression criminalized since 2013^[98]
Ghana	Male illegal since 1892 (as theGold Coast) Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment (repeal disputed)^[99]^[100] Female legal, Criminalization pending 2024^[68]^[97]^[101]^[102]					Only cyber protection present.
Guinea	Illegal since 1988 Penalty: 6 months to 10 years imprisonment.^[103]
Guinea-Bissau	Legal since 1993^[68] + UN decl. sign.
Ivory Coast	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country); Age of consent discrepancy^[68]
Liberia	Illegal since 1976 Penalty: 1 year imprisonment.^[68]^[104] (repeal proposed)^[105]					Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Mali	Illegal since 2024 Penalty: 7 years imprisonment and a fine of 500,000 francs.^[106]^[68]		Constitutional ban since 2023^[107]				^[108]
Mauritania	Illegal since 1983 Penalty:Capital punishment for men, (not enforced); prison and a fine for women.^[68]^[109]
Niger	Legal (Criminalization pending); Age of consent discrepancy^[68]						^[108]
Nigeria	Illegal since 1904 (Northern Region only) Illegal since 1916 (Region-wide) Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment. Death in the states ofBauchi,Borno,Gombe,Jigawa,Kaduna,Kano,Katsina,Kebbi,Niger,Sokoto,Yobe, andZamfara. (not enforced)^[68]^[110]^[97]		Statutory ban since 2013				Forms of gender expression criminalized in Sharia provinces.
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Legal since 2017	Legal since 2017^[111]^[112]	Legal since 2017	UK responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination
Senegal	Illegal since 1966 Penalty: 1 to 5 years imprisonment.^[68]^[113]
Sierra Leone	Male illegal since 1861 (as theSierra Leone Colony and Protectorate) Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced, repeal disputed). Female always legal + UN decl. sign.^[68]					Bans some anti-gay discrimination.
Togo	Illegal since 1980 Penalty: Fine and 3 years imprisonment^[68] (repeal proposed)^[114]

Central Africa

LGBTQ rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Same-sex marriage	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Cameroon	Illegal since 1972 Penalty: Fines to 5 years imprisonment.^[68]^[97] or vigilante execution and torture,^[115] (repeal proposed)^[116]
Central African Republic	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)^[68] + UN decl. sign.	Constitutional ban since 2016^[117]		^[108]
Chad	Illegal since 2017 Penalty: Between 3 months and 2 years in prison, with fines of 50,000 to 500,000 FCFA. (Penal Code, Chapter 2, Article 354)^[118]			^[108]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)^[68]	Constitutional ban since 2006	Only cyber protection present.
Republic of the Congo	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country); Age of consent discrepancy^[68]			^[108]
Equatorial Guinea	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)^[68]			^[108]
Gabon	Legal since 2020^[119]; Age of consent discrepancy, + UN decl. sign.	Constitutional ban since 2024	Only cyber protection present.
São Tomé and Príncipe	Legal since 2012 + UN decl. sign.^[68]		Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[120]

Eastern Africa

LGBTQ rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Same-sex marriage	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Burundi	Illegal since 2009 Penalty: fine, and 3 months to 2 years imprisonment.^[68]^[121] (repeal disputed)	Constitutional ban since 2005
Djibouti	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)^[68]^[122]		(Only certain privacy protection laws are present)	^[108]
Eritrea	Illegal Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment.^[68]^[123] or vigilate execution^[124] Beatings and torture are also tolerated.^[125]^[126]
Ethiopia	Illegal Penalty: Up to 15 years.^[68] (repeal disputed)^[127]	Statutory ban since 2009^[128]
Kenya	Illegal since 1897 (as theEast Africa Protectorate) Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment. (repeal proposed)^[68]^[97]^[129]	Constitutional ban since 2010^[130]	/ Limited protection following legal process by the authorities.^[131]	^[132]
Rwanda	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)^[68] + UN decl. sign.	Constitutional ban since 2003	.^[133]
Somalia	Illegal Penalty: Up to 3 years prison. Jubaland Illegal. Penalty: Up to death in Jubaland.^{[citation needed]}
Somaliland (Disputed territory)	Illegal Penalty: Up to 3 years prison, sometimes death sentences.^[134]
South Sudan	Illegal since 1899 (asAnglo-Egyptian Sudan) Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment. (not enforced)^[68]^[97]	Constitutional ban since 2011^{[citation needed]}		Forms of gender expression are criminalized.
Tanzania	Illegal since 1864 (onlyZanzibar) Illegal since 1899 Penalty: Up to life imprisonment.^[68]^[97] Vigilante executions, beatings and torture^[135]^[136] are also tolerated.
Uganda	Male illegal since 1902 (asProtectorate) Female illegal since 2000 Penalty: Life imprisonment, Death penalty in some cases, Beatings, torture, or vigilante execution.^[137]^[138]	Constitutional ban since 2005

Indian Ocean states

LGBTQ rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGB people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Comoros	Illegal since 1982 Penalty: 5 years imprisonment and fines. (not enforced)^[68]^[139]						^[108]
French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Overseas territory ofFrance)	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the territory)^[68]	Civil solidarity pact since 1999^{[citation needed]}	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013	France responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination	Under French law
Madagascar	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country); Age of consent discrepancy^[68]					Bans some anti-gay discrimination.
Mauritius	Legal since 2023^[140] + UN decl. sign.					Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[141]^[142]
Mayotte (Overseas region ofFrance)	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the region)^[68]	Civil solidarity pact since 2007	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013	France responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination	Under French law
Réunion (Overseas region ofFrance)	Legal since 1791^[68]	Civil solidarity pact since 1999	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013	France responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination	Under French law
Seychelles	Legal since 2016^[143] + UN decl. sign.					Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[68]

Southern Africa

LGBTQ rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Angola	Legal since 2021^[144]					Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[145]	May possibly change gender under theCódigo do Registro Civil 2015^[146]
Botswana	Legal since 2019^[147]				(Only LGB)	Bansall anti-gay discrimination	Legal gender change recognized as a constitutional right since 2017^[148]
Eswatini	Male illegal since the 1880s (not enforced, repeal proposed)^[149] Penalty: Unknown Female always legal^[68]^[97]
Lesotho	Male legal since 2012 Female always legal^[68]					Bans some anti-gay discrimination.^[150]^[151]	May possibly change gender under theNational Identity Cards Act 9 of 2011^[152]
Malawi	Illegal since 1891 (asBritish Central Africa Protectorate)^[97] Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment, with or without corporal punishment for men up to 5 years imprisonment for women (repeal proposed)^[68]^[153]^[97]^[154]^[155]
Mozambique	Legal since 2015^[156]^[157]					Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[68]^[141]
Namibia	Legal since 2024^[158]	/ Foreign same-sex marriages recognised^{[citation needed]}.	/ Foreign same-sex marriages recognised^{[citation needed]}.			Bans some anti-gay discrimination.^[159]	Under theBirths, Marriages and Deaths Registration Act 81 of 1963^[160]
South Africa	Male legal since 1998 Female always legal; equal age of consent since 2007 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Limited recognition of unregistered partnerships since 1998; same-sex marriage since 2006	Legal since 2006	Legal since 2002	Since 1998	Constitution bansall anti-gay discrimination	Anti-discrimination laws are interpreted to include gender identity^{[citation needed]}; legal gender may bechanged after surgical or medical treatment
Zambia	Illegal since 1911 (as part of theBritish South Africa Company rule of Rhodesia) Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment. (repeal proposed)^[68]^[97]^[161]^[162]
Zimbabwe	Male illegal since 1891 (as part of theBritish South Africa Company rule of Rhodesia) Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment. (repeal proposed)^[163] Female always legal^[68]^[97]		Constitutional ban since 2013^[164]			Only cyber protection present.^[165]^[166]

Americas

Main article:LGBTQ rights in the Americas

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in the Americas

Tables:

North America

LGBTQ rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGB people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Bermuda (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 1994; equal age of consent since 2019 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Domestic partnerships since 2018^[167]	Was legal between November 2018 and March 2022 and between May 2017 and June 2018	Legal since 2015^[168]	UK responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[169]
Canada	Legal since 1969; equal age of consent since 1987 + UN decl. sign.^[68]^[170]	Domestic partnerships inNova Scotia (2001);^[171] Civil unions in Quebec (2002);^[172] Adult interdependent relationships inAlberta (2003);^[173] Common-law relationships in Manitoba (2004)^[174]	Legal in some provinces and territories since 2003, nationwide since 2005^[175]	Legal in some provinces and territories since 1996, nationwide since 2011^[176]	Since 1992^[177]; Includes transgender people^[178]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination.Ban on conversion therapy since 2022 nationwide	Transgender people can change their gender and name withoutcompletion of medical intervention and human rights protections explicitly include gender identity or expression within all of Canada since 2017^[179]^[180]^[181]^[182]
Greenland (Autonomous Territory within theKingdom of Denmark)	Legal since 1933; equal age of consent since 1977 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships between 1996 and 2016 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)^[183]	Legal since 2016	Stepchild adoption since 2009;^[184] joint adoption since 2016^[185]	TheKingdom of Denmark responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[68]	Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy^[186]^[187]
Mexico	Legal since 1871 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	/Civil unions inMexico City (2007),Coahuila (2007),^[188]Colima (between 2013 and 2016),^[189]Campeche (2013),^[190]Jalisco (between 2014 and 2018),^[191]Michoacán (2015),Tlaxcala (2017), andVeracruz (2020)	Starting in 2010; nationwide since 2022	/ Legal in Mexico City (2010),^[192] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Jalisco (2016), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016), Campeche (2016), Veracruz (2016), Baja California (2017), Querétaro (2017), Chiapas (2017), Puebla (2017), Aguascalientes (2018), San Luis Potosi (2019), Hidalgo (2019), Yucatán (2021), Nayarit (2022), Quintana Roo (2022), Baja California Sur (2022), Zacatecas (2023), Tabasco (2024), Durango, Tamaulipas, and Nuevo León (the latter three never had adoption bans)^[193]^[194]	(ambiguous)	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[195]Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Mexico City (2020), México (2020), Baja California Sur (2020), Colima (2021), Tlaxcala (2021), Oaxaca (2021), Yucatán (2021), Zacatecas (2021), Baja California (2022), Hidalgo (2022), Jalisco (2022), Puebla (2022), Sonora (2022), Nuevo León (2022), Querétaro (2023), Sinaloa (2023), Quintana Roo (2023), Morelos (2023), Guerrero (2024), Michoacán (2024), and nationwide (2024).	/ Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name in Mexico City (2008),^[196] Michoacán (2017), Nayarit (2017), Coahuila (2018), Hidalgo (2019), San Luis Potosí (2019), Colima (2019), Baja California (2019), Oaxaca (2019), Tlaxcala (2019), Chihuahua (2019), Sonora (2020), Jalisco (2020), Quintana Roo (2020), Puebla (2021), Baja California Sur (2021), México (2021), Morelos (2021), Sinaloa (2022), Zacatecas (2022), Durango (2023), Yucatán (2024), and Campeche (2024).^[197]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Overseas collectivity ofFrance)	Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil solidarity pact since 1999^[198]	Legal since 2013^[199]	Legal since 2013^[200]		Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[87]	Under French law^[201]
United States	Legal in some states since 1962, nationwide since 2003 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Domestic partnerships inCalifornia (1999), theDistrict of Columbia (2002),Maine (2004),Washington (2007),Maryland (2008),Oregon (2008),Nevada (2009) andWisconsin (2009). Civil unions inVermont (2000),Connecticut (2005),New Jersey (2007),New Hampshire (2008),Illinois (2011),Rhode Island (2011),Delaware (2012),Hawaii (2012) andColorado (2013).	Legal in some states since 2004, nationwide since 2015	Legal in some states since 1993, nationwide since 2016	/ Lesbians, gays, and bisexuals have been allowed to serve openly in theU.S. military since 2011, following therepeal of theDon't Ask, Don't Tell policy. Transgender people previously allowed to serve openly,^[202] but restrictions have been placed on those with a history ofgender dysphoria.^[203] "Transvestites" are currently banned from the military since2012.^[204] Most openlyIntersex people may be banned from the military under the Armed Forces ban of "hermaphrodites".^[204]	/ Employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation isprohibited nationwide since 2020. More extensive protections exist in23 states, DC, and some municipalities. Conversion therapy for minors isbanned in 22 states, DC, and some municipalities. Sexual orientation iscovered by the federal hate crime law since 2009.	/ Gender X became available and recognized formally onUS passports in April 2022.^[205] This was rescinded in 2025 at the beginning of president Trump's second term.^[206] Gender change is legal onbirth certificates (under varying conditions by state),in 48 states + DC. Nonbinary gender markers are available, under varying circumstances,in 25 states + DC. Employment discrimination on the basis of gender identity isprohibited nationwide since 2020. More extensive protections exist in22 states, DC, and some municipalities.

Central America

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGB people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Belize	Legal since 2016^[207]					Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[208]^[209]^[210]	^[211]
Costa Rica	Legal since 1971 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Unregistered cohabitation since 2014^[212]^[213]	Legal since 2020	Legal since 2020^[214]	Has no military	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[68]	/ Transgender persons can change their legal name without surgeries or judicial permission since 2018. Legal gender cannot be changed. Sex indicator removed from all ID cards issued since May 2018^[215]^[216]^[217] One-time sex change allowed for passports.^[218]
El Salvador	Legal since 1822 + UN decl. sign.^[68]				^[219]^[220]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[219]	^[221] Bans discrimination based on gender identity.
Guatemala	Legal since 1871 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Pending				Bans some anti-gay discrimination	^[222]
Honduras	Legal since 1899 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 2005	Constitutional ban since 2005;^[223]^[224] court decision pending	Constitutional ban since 2005		Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[225]
Nicaragua	Legal since 2008 + UN decl. sign.^[68]					Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[68]
Panama	Legal since 2008 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Court decision pending	Court decision pending	Court decision pending	Has no military	Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[226]^[227]	Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name aftercompletion of medical intervention since 2006^[228]^[229]

Caribbean

Main article:LGBTQ rights in the Caribbean

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGB people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Anguilla (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 2001 Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.^[68]				UK responsible for defence
Antigua and Barbuda	Legal since 2022
Aruba (Constituent country of theKingdom of the Netherlands)	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships since 2021^[230]	^[231]		TheNetherlands responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[232]
Bahamas	Legal since 1991; Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.^[68]				^[68]
Barbados	Legal since 2022.	/ Foreign Domestic Partnerships recognized for immigration purposes "Welcome Stamp"^[233] Civil Unions proposed.^[234]				Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[235]
Bonaire (a special municipality of theNetherlands)	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities) + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships since 2012^[236]	Legal since 2012^[237]	^[238]	TheNetherlands responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[239]
British Virgin Islands (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.^[68]				UK responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[240]
Cayman Islands (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 2001; Age of consent discrepancy^[68] + UN decl. sign.	Civil partnerships since 2020^[241]		Legal since 2020	UK responsible for defence
Cuba	Legal since 1979 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Legal since 2022	Legal since 2022	Legal since 2022	^[68]^[242]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[243]^[244]^[245]	Transgender people allowed to change gender after sex change operations^[246]
Curaçao (Constituent country of theKingdom of the Netherlands)	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) + UN decl. sign.^[68]		^[247]		TheNetherlands responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[248]
Dominica	Legal since 2024^[249] + UN decl. sign.^[68]				Has no military
Dominican Republic	Legal since 1822 + UN decl. sign.^[68]		Constitutional ban since 2010^{[citation needed]}		^[250]
Grenada	Male illegal Penalty: 10-year prison sentence (not enforced).^[251] Legalization proposed^[252] Female always legal^[68]				Has no military
Guadeloupe (Overseas department ofFrance)	Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil solidarity pact since 1999^[198]	Legal since 2013^[199]	Legal since 2013^[200]	France responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[87]	Under French law^[201]
Haiti	Legal since 1791 (asSaint-Domingue)^[68]				Has no military
Jamaica	Male illegal Penalty: 10 years and/or hard labor (Not enforced). Legalization proposed^[253] Female always legal.^[68]		Constitutional ban since 1962
Martinique (Overseas department ofFrance)	Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil solidarity pact since 1999^[198]	Legal since 2013^[199]	Legal since 2013^[200]	France responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[87]	Under French law^[201]
Montserrat (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.^[68]				UK responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[254]
Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of theUnited States)	Legal since 2003	Legal since 2015	Legal since 2015^[255]	Legal since 2015	United States responsible for defense^[256]^[257]	Bans some anti-gay discrimination	Gender change legal since 2018; does not require surgery
Saba (a special municipality of theNetherlands)	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities) + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships since 2012^[236]	Legal since 2012^[237]	^[238]	TheNetherlands responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[239]	^[258]
Saint Barthélemy (Overseas collectivity ofFrance)	Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil solidarity pact since 1999^[198]	Legal since 2013^[199]	Legal since 2013^[200]	France responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[87]	Under French law^[201]
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Legal since 2022
Saint Lucia	Male illegal Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced). Legalization proposed^[259] Female always legal^[68]				Has no military	Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Saint Martin (Overseas collectivity ofFrance)	Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil solidarity pact since 1999^[198]	Legal since 2013^[199]	Legal since 2013^[200]	France responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[87]	Under French law^[201]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Illegal Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced).^[68] Legalization proposed^[260]				Has no military
Sint Eustatius (a special municipality of theNetherlands)	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities) + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships since 2012^[236]	Legal since 2012^[237]	^[238]	TheNetherlands responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[239]
Sint Maarten (Constituent country of theKingdom of the Netherlands)	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) + UN decl. sign.^[68]		/ Same-sex marriages performed in theNetherlands recognized^{[citation needed]}		TheNetherlands responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[261]
Trinidad and Tobago	Legal since 2018^[262]
Turks and Caicos Islands (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 2001 Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.^[68]				UK responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[68]
United States Virgin Islands (Territory of theUnited States)	Legal since 1985	Legal since 2015^[263]	Legal since 2015^[263]	Legal since 2015^[263]	United States responsible for defense^[256]^[257]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[264]	Legislation enacted in 2022, also explicitly includes gender identity.^[264]

South America

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGB people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Argentina	Legal since 1887 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil unions inBuenos Aires (2003),^[265]Río Negro Province (2003),^[266]Villa Carlos Paz (2007) andRío Cuarto (2009) Cohabitation unions nationwide since 2015^[267]	Legal since 2010^[268]	Legal since 2010	Since 2009^[269]	/ Legal protection in some cities;^[270] pending nationwide. Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2010	Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2012^[271] Transgender persons have a law reserving 1% of Argentina's public sector jobs. Economic incentives included in the new law aim to help trans people find work in all sectors.^[272]
Bolivia	Legal since 1832 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Free unions officially recognised starting in 2020; nationwide since 2023.^[273]	Constitutional ban since 2009^[274]	Same-sex couples in a free union are permitted to adopt^[275]	Since 2015^[276]^[277]^[278]; Includes transgender people^[178]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[68]	Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2016^[279]^[280]^[281]
Brazil	Legal since 1830 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	"Stable unions" legal and all rights as recognized family entities available nationwide since 2011^[282]^[283]	Starting in 2011; nationwide since 2013^[284]^[285]	Legal since 2010^[286]	Since 1969^[287]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination.^[288] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 1999^[289]^[290]	Transgender people can change their legal gender and name before a notary without the need of surgeries or judicial order since 2018. The sex reassignment surgery, hormonal and psychological treatment are offered free of charge by the Brazilian Unified Health System (UHS)^[291]^[292]^[293]
Chile	Legal since 1999; equal age of consent since 2022 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil unions since 2015^[294]	Legal since 2022^[295]	Legal since 2022^[295]	Since 2012^[296]; Includes transgender people^[297]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[298] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2021	Transsexual persons can change their registral sex and name since 1974. Transgender persons can change their registral sex and name, no surgeries or judicial order for adults above 18 years old since 2019.^[299]
Colombia	Legal since 1981 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	De facto marital union since 2007^[300]	Legal since 2016^[301]^[302]	Stepchild adoption since 2014;^[303] joint adoption since 2015^[304]	Since 1999^[68]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[305]	Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notary, no surgeries or judicial order required^[306]
Ecuador	Legal since 1997 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	De facto unions since 2009^[307]^[308]	Legal since 2019^[309]	LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples^[310]	^[311]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination.^[312] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2014	Since 2016, transgender persons are allowed to change their birth name and gender identity; no surgeries or judicial order required^[313]^[314]
Falkland Islands (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 1989; equal age of consent since 2006 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil partnerships since 2017^[315]	Legal since 2017^[315]	Legal since 2017	UK responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[316]
French Guiana (Overseas department ofFrance)	Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil solidarity pact since 1999^[198]	Legal since 2013^[199]	Legal since 2013^[200]	France responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[87]	Under French law^[201]
Guyana	Illegal Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced).^[68] Legalization proposed^[317]			^[318]	^[319]
Paraguay	Legal since 1880; Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Constitutional ban onde facto unions since 1992^[320]	Constitutional ban since 1992^[321]		^[322]	Bans some anti-gay discrimination. Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2022
Peru	Legal since 1924; equal age of consent since 2012 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	/ Limited recognition for same-sex partners of health-care workers since 2020.			Since 2009^[323]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[324]^[325]^[326]^[327]^[328]	Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without the need for thecompletion of medical intervention since 2016. Judicial order required.^[329]^[330]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.	Legal since 2014^[331]	Legal since 2014^[331]		UK responsible for defence
Suriname	Legal since 1869 (asDutch Guiana)		Since 13 February 2025, Court recognizes 2 same-sex marriages performed abroad			Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[332]	Transgender persons can change their legal gender since 2022. Court order required.^[333]^[334]^[335]
Uruguay	Legal since 1934 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Concubinage union since 2008^[336]	Legal since 2013^[337]	Legal since 2009^[338]	Since 2009^[339]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination.^[340]Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2017	Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order required since 2009.^[341] Self-determination since 2018.
Venezuela	Legal since 1997 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Constitutional ban onde facto stable unions since 1999	Constitutional ban since 1999		Since 2023^[342]	Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[68]

Antarctica

Main article:LGBTQ rights in Antarctica

Asia

Main article:LGBTQ rights in Asia

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Asia

This table:

North Asia

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Russia	Yes Fully legal nationwide since 1993^[343]^[68] (de-facto illegal inChechnya)	No	NoConstitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples since 2020	No	Yes^[344]	No	No Gender change has not been legal since 2023^[345]

Central Asia

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Kazakhstan	Yes Legal since 1998^[68]	No	No	No	Yes Since 2022^[346]	No	Yes^[347]
Kyrgyzstan	Yes Legal since 1998^[68]	No	No Constitutional ban since 2016^[348]	No	Unknown	No	Yes Requires sex reassignment surgery^[349]^[347]
Tajikistan	Yes Legal since 1998^[68]	No	No	No	Unknown	No	Yes Requires sex reassignment surgery^[350]^[347]
Turkmenistan	No Male illegal since 1927 Penalty: up to 2 years imprisonment. Yes Female always legal^[351]	No	No	No	No	No	No
Uzbekistan	No Male illegal since 1926 Penalty: up to 3 years imprisonment. Yes Female always legal^[351]	No	No	No	No	No	No

West Asia

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Abkhazia (Disputed territory)	Yes Legal	No	No	No	Unknown	No	Unknown
Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Yes Legal since 2000 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Yes Civil partnerships since 2005	Yes Legal since 2014	Unknown	Yes UK responsible for defence	Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[352]	Unknown
Armenia	Yes Legal since 2003 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	No	No Constitutional ban since 2015^[353]^[354]	No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples.	No^[355]	No	No
Azerbaijan	Yes Legal since 2000^[68]	No	No	No	No	No	No
Bahrain	Yes Legal since 1976^[68]	No	No	No	No	No	Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only aftersex reassignment surgery.^[356]
Cyprus	Yes Legal since 1998 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Yes Civil cohabitation since 2015^[357]	No	No	Yes^[358]	Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Yes Forbids some discrimination based on gender identity.^[360] No Gender change is not legal.
Egypt	Yes/No Ambiguous. Malede jure legal, butde facto illegal since 2000 Penalty: Up to 17 years imprisonment with or without hard labour and with or without fines under broadly-written morality laws.^[68]^[361]	No	No	No	No	No	No
Georgia	Yes Legal since 2000 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	No	No Constitutional ban since 2018	No	Unknown	Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[362]	Yes Requires sterilization and sex reassignment surgery for change^[363]
Iran	No Illegal Penalty: 74 lashes for immature men and death penalty for mature men (although there are documented cases of minors executed because of their sexual orientation)^[364]. For women, 100 lashes for women of mature sound mind and if consenting. Death penalty offense after fourth conviction.^[68]	No	No	No	No	No	Yes Legal gender recognition legal if accompanied by amedical intervention^[365]
Iraq	No Re-criminalized in 2024.^[366] Penalty: Prison sentence between 10 and 15 years.	No	No	No	No	No	No
Israel	Yes Legal since 1963 (de facto), 1988 (de jure)^[367] + UN decl. sign.^[68]^[368]	YesUnregistered cohabitation since 1994.	No/YesForeign same-sex marriages are recognized and recorded in the population registry	No Permitted by law since 2008,^[369] but in practice not possible in nearly every case^[370]	Yes Since 1993; Includes transgender people^[371]	Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[372]^[373]^[374]	No Almost full recognition of gender's ID without a surgery or medical intervention (Excluding changing gender and name in birth certificate) ;^[375] equal employment opportunity law bars discrimination based on gender identity^[376]^[377]^[378]
Jordan	Yes Legal^[68]	No	No	No	Unknown	No	Yes Allowed since 2014^[379]
Kuwait	No Male illegal Penalty: Fines or up to 6-year prison sentence. Yes Female always legal^[68]^[380]	No	No	No	No	No	No
Lebanon	Yes /No Ambiguous. Illegal under Article 534 of the Penal Code. Some judges have ruled not to prosecute individuals based on the law, however, this has not been settled by the Supreme Court and thus homosexuality is still illegal.^[381] However, a 2017 court ruling claims that it is legal, but the law against it is still in place. Penalty: Up to 1 year imprisonment (unenforced).	No	No	No	No	No	Yes Legal gender change allowed, but sex reassignment surgery required^[382]
Northern Cyprus (Disputed territory)	Yes Legal since 2014^[383]^[384]^[68]	No	No	No	No	Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[383]^[384]	Yes Legal, requires surgery for change^[385]
Oman	No Illegal Penalty: Fines and prison sentence up to 3 years (only enforced when dealing with "public scandal").^[68]	No	No	No	No	No	No Laws against forms of gender expression.
Palestine	West Bank: Yes Legal^[68] Gaza: No consensus on legal applicability of British 1936Sexual offences provisions to homosexual conduct^[386]^[387]^[388]^[389]	West Bank: No Gaza: No	No	No	Unknown	No	No
Qatar	No Illegal Penalty: Fines, up to 7 years imprisonment^[68] Death penalty for Muslims.	No	No	No	No	No	No
Saudi Arabia	No Illegal Penalty:Capital punishment,^[390] prison terms (indeterminate length, max. term unknown),^[391]^[392]flogging, fines, deportation ^[68]	No	No	No	No	No	No Laws against forms of gender expression.
South Ossetia (Disputed territory)	Yes Legal	No	No	No	Unknown	No	Unknown
Syria		No	No		No official military
Turkey	Yes Legal since 1858^[68]	No	No	No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples.	No	No	Yes Requires sterilisation and sex reassignment surgery for change^[393]
United Arab Emirates	No Illegal (unenforced): Prosecution only on complaint of husband or (male) legal guardian^[394]^[395] Penalty:Max – no upper limit, sentence at courts' discretion Min. – 6 months' imprisonment [394]^[396]	No	No	No	No	No	NoSex reassignment surgery severely restricted to limited circumstances (mainly physical intersex traits), highly regulated by the state.^[397]^[398] Laws used against forms of gender expression.^[399]
Yemen	No Illegal (codified in 1994) Penalty: Unmarried men punished with 100 lashes of the whip or a maximum of one year of imprisonment, stoning for adultery is not enforced. Women punished up to three years of imprisonment.^[68]	No	No	No	No	No	No

South Asia

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Afghanistan	No Illegal Penalty: Death penalty^[400]	No	No	No	No	No	No
Bangladesh	No Illegal since 1862 Penalty: 10 years to life imprisonment (Occasionally enforced).^[68]^[401]	No	No	No	No	No	A third gender option (hijra) besides male and female is available for a certain sect of third genders^[402]
Bhutan	Yes Legal since 2021^[403]	No	No	No	No	No	No
British Indian Ocean Territory (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Yes Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Yes Civil partnerships since 2005	Yes Legal since 2014	Unknown	Yes UK responsible for defense	Unknown	Unknown
India	Yes Legal since 2018^[404]	Yes/No symbolic live-In relationships exist^[405] On August 28, 2024, India'sMinistry of Finance issued an advisory declaring that persons from the LGBTQ community face no restrictions in opening joint bank accounts or nominating their partners as beneficiaries^[406]	No	No	No	Yes/No Discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity prohibited by court decision. No nationwide law.^[407]^[408]^[409] In 2022,National Medical Commission bannedconversion therapy^[410]	Yes A third gender option (hijra) besides male and female is available; transgender people have a constitutional right to change gender, only after medical/surgical intervention^[411]^[409]
Maldives	No Illegal (codified in 2014) Penalty: Up to 8 years imprisonment, house arrest, lashings and fines. (unenforced)^[412] LGBTQ welcomed in tourist islands^[413]	No	No	No	No	No	No
Nepal	Yes Legal since 2007 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	No	No	No	Yes Since 2007^[414]	Yes/No Limited protection since 2015^[415]	No Change to third gender "O" legal since 2007, unable to change to male or female^[416]
Pakistan	No Illegal since 1862 Penalty: 2 years to life sentence (Occasionally enforced).^[68]^[417]	No	No	No	No	Yes Transphobia illegal No Homophobia/biphobia is not illegal	Yes Right to change gender; transgender and intersex citizens have legal protections fromall discrimination and harassment^[418]
Sri Lanka	No Illegal since 1885 Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment with fines.^[68] (Ruled unenforcable by the Supreme Court) Legalization proposed	No	No	No	No	No	Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender without surgery

East Asia

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of relationships	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
China	Yes Legal since 1997^[68]	No/Yes"Legal guardianship" since 2017	No	No	Yes can openly serve No open displays of affection^[419]^[420]	Yes Court has in some cases protected LGBT workers from employment discrimination.^[421] No protection codified in law	Yes legal gender change possible since 2002. Since 2022, legal gender change allowed with only partialsex reassignment surgery. Difficulty remains to change gender information on diplomas and degrees.^[422]^[423]
Hong Kong	Yes Legal since 1991^[68]	No/Yes Same-sex marriages registered overseas for government benefits and taxation, and limited recognition of local cohabiting partners	No	No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples^[424]	The central government of China is responsible for the defense of Hong Kong.^[425]	Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination (government discrimination only)	Yes Following a legal decision, may change gender marker after partialsex reassignment surgery.^[426]
Japan	Yes Legal since 1882 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	No * Symbolic recognition in some jurisdictions.	No Proposed in 2023^[427]	No	Yes TheJapan Self-Defense Forces allow gay people to enlist.^[428]	No nationwide protections Yes some cities ban some anti-gay discrimination^[68]	Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only aftersex reassignment surgery
Macau	Yes Legal since 1996	No	No	No	The central government of China is responsible for the defence of Macau.	Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination	Unknown
Mongolia	Yes Legal since 1993 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	No	No Constitutional ban since 1992	No	Unknown	Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination	Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender but only aftersex reassignment surgery
North Korea	Yes /No Ambiguous, punishable through Articles 193 and 262 regarding obscenity and decency laws.^{[dubious –discuss]} Penalty: Unknown	No	No	No	Yes can serve with 10-year celibacy required for all soldiers.^[429] No open displays of LGBT attitudes.	No	No
South Korea	Yes Legal + UN decl. sign.^[68]	No	No Proposed in 2023^[430]	No	No	Yes/No Protection from discrimination varies by jurisdiction in some areas, includingSeoul	Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender but usually requiressex reassignment surgery
Taiwan	Yes Legal^[431]	^[432]	Legal since 2019^[433]^[434]^[435]	Yes Stepchild adoption since 2019 Yes Joint adoption legal since 2023^[436]	Yes	Yes Constitutionally bansall anti-gay discrimination from government^[437]; several laws banning anti-gay discrimination regarding education and employment.^[438]^[439]	Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery.^[c]

Southeast Asia

LGBT rights in	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of relationships	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Aceh (autonomous territory ofIndonesia)	No Illegal Penalty: 100 strokes of the cane or 8 years in prison^[441]	No	No	No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples	No The central government of Indonesia is responsible for the defense of Aceh.	Yes Follows the law of the central Indonesian government.	Yes Follows the law of the central Indonesian government.
Brunei	No Illegal since 1908 Penalty:Death by stoning (in abeyance), 1 year imprisonment and 100 lashes for men. Caning and 10 years prison for women.^[442]	No	No	No	No	No	Laws prohibit forms of gender expression.
Cambodia	Yes Legal^[68]	No/Yes Partnerships recognized in certain cities	No Constitutional ban since 1993	No	Unknown	No	No^[443]
Indonesia	Never criminalized (except in Aceh)^[68]^[444]	No	No	No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples	No Not explicitly prohibited by Law (de jure), Illegal (de facto)	Yes Limited protection following legal process by the authorities.^[445]	Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only aftersex reassignment surgery.
Laos	Yes Legal^[68]	No	No	No	Unknown	No	Unknown
Malaysia	No Illegal since 1871 Penalty: fines, prison sentence (2–20 years), or whippings.^[68]^[446]	No	No	No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples	No	No	No Generally impossible to change gender. However, a 2016 court ruling recognizes gender changes as fundamental constitutional rights^[447] Forms of gender expression are criminalized.
Myanmar	No Illegal since 1886 Penalty: Up to 20 years in prison (unenforced).^[68]^[448]	No	No	No	No	No	No
Philippines	Yes Legal + UN decl. sign.^[449]^[68]^[450]^[451]^[d]	No (Pending)^[449]	No (Pending)^[452]	No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples^[453]^[452]	Yes Since 2009	Yes/No Bans some anti-gay discrimination in certain cities and provinces,^[454] including the City of Manila,^[455]Cebu City,^[456] Quezon City,^[457] and Davao City;^[458] Nationwide anti-bullying law for basic education students.^[459]	No Generally impossible to change legal gender. However inCagandahan vs Philippines, allowed an intersex man to change his legal gender from female to male.
Singapore	Yes Legal since 2007 (de facto), 2022 (de jure)	No	No	Ambiguous, a gay Singaporean man with a male partner in 2018 won an appeal in court to adopt a child that he fathered through a surrogate.^[460]	Yes	Yes Protections against anti-gay discrimination, harassment and violence^[461]	Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only aftersex reassignment surgery
Thailand	Yes Legal since 1956 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Yes Since 2025	Yes Since 2025^[462]^[463]^[464]	Yes Since 2025^[462]	Yes Since 2005^[465]	Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination	No^[463]^[466] Yes Anti-discrimination protections for gender expression.^[446]
Timor-Leste	Yes Legal since 1975 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	No	No	Yes LGBT individuals may adopt but same-sex couples can not adopt	Unknown	Yes Bans some anti gay discrimination, Hate crime protections since 2009.^[467]	Unknown
Vietnam	Yes Legal^[68] + UN decl. sign.^[68]	No	No	No LGBT individuals may adopt, not same-sex couples^[468]	Yes Irrespective of one's sexual orientation	Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination	Yes Gender changes recognized and officially practised since 2017^[469]^[470]

Europe

Main article:LGBTQ rights in Europe

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Europe

Tables:

European Union

Main article:LGBTQ rights in the European Union

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGB people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
European Union	Legal inall 27 member states^[471]	/ Recognized in 25/27 member states	/ Legal in 16/27 member states	/ Stepchild adoption legal in 19/27 member states; joint adoption legal in 17/27 member states	Legal inall member states	Membership requires a state to ban discrimination based on person's sexual orientation in employment. 4/27 states ban some anti-gay discrimination. 23/27 states banall anti-gay discrimination	/ Legal in 25/27 member states^[472]

Central Europe

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGB people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Austria	Legal since 1971; equal age of consent since 2002^[68] + UN decl. sign.	Registered partnerships since 2010^[473]	Legal since 2019^[474]	Stepchild adoption since 2013; joint adoption since 2016^[475]^[476]^[477]	Includes transgender people^[478]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Transgender people allowed to change gender without undergoing surgery^[363]
Czech Republic	Legal since 1962 (As part ofCzechoslovakia); equal age of consent since 1990 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships since 2006^[479]		/ Stepchild adoption legal since 2025	Includes transgender people^[480]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Legal recognition after sex reassignment surgery (with mandatory sterilisation)^[481]
Germany	Legal inEast Germany since 1968 Legal inWest Germany since 1969; equal age of consent since 1988 in East Germany and since 1994 in unified Germany + UN decl. sign.^[68]^[482]	Registered life partnerships from 2001 to 2017 (existing partnerships and new foreign partnerships still recognised)^[483]^[484]	Legal since 2017^[485]	Stepchild adoption since 2005; successive adoption since 2013; joint adoption legal since 2017^[485]	Includes transgender people^[486]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[487]	Gender self-determination enacted and implemented on abirth certificate since 2024.
Hungary	Legal since 1962; equal age of consent since 2002 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships since 2009^[488]	Constitutional ban since 2012^[489]^[490]^[491]^[492]	Constitutional ban since 2020^[493]^[490]	^{[citation needed]}	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Forbids discrimination based on gender identity Transgender people are not allowed to change gender since 2020.^[494]
Liechtenstein	Legal since 1989; equal age of consent since 2001 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships since 2011^[495]	Legal since 2025^[496]^[497]^[498]^[499]^[500]^[501]	Stepchild adoption since 2022; joint adoption since 2023^[502]^[503]	Has no military	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Gender change is not legal^[481]
Poland	Legal since 1932 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	/ Unregistered cohabitation since 2012; registered partnership proposed 2019	Constitutional ban since 1997^[504] (Article 18 of the Constitution is generally interpreted as limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples^[505]^[506]^[507]^[508]^[509]^[510])^[e]	LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples^[512]		Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Transgender people allowed to change gender. No provisions for nonbinary people.^[513]
Slovakia	Legal since 1962 (As part ofCzechoslovakia); equal age of consent since 1990 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	/ some limited rights for unregistered cohabiting same-sex couples since 2018; Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018 (Proposed)	Constitutional ban since 2014	LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples^[514]	^{[citation needed]}	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[515]^[516]	/ Allowed to change legal gender in theory. However because of lack of care and refusal by the state,de facto almost impossible since 2022. SeeLGBT rights in Slovakia § Gender identity and expression
Slovenia	Legal since 1977 (As part ofYugoslavia); equal age of consent since 1990 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered cohabitation since 2006^[517]; Registered partnerships since 2017^[518]	Legal since 2022^[519]	Stepchild adoption since 2011; joint adoption since 2022^[520]		Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Gender change is legal^[521]
Switzerland	Legal nationwide since 1942 Legal in thecantons ofGeneva (as part ofFrance),Ticino,Valais, andVaud since 1798; equal age of consent since 1990 + UN decl. sign.^[68]^[522]	Registered partnerships in Geneva (2001),^[523]Zürich (2003),^[524]Neuchâtel (2004)^[525] andFribourg (2005)^[525] Nationwide since 2007^[526]	Legal since 2022^[527]	Stepchild adoption since 2018; joint adoption since 2022^[527]^[528]	Includes transgender people^[529]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[530]	Gender change is legal on simple declaration (self-determination +16 yo); surgery/sterilisation not required.^[531]

Eastern Europe

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGB people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Abkhazia (Disputed territory)	Legal after 1991
Armenia	Legal since 2003 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Constitutional ban since 2015^[532]^[533]	LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples.	^[534]
Azerbaijan	Legal since 2000^[68]
Belarus	Legal since 1994^[68]	Constitutional ban since 1994^[535]		/ Banned from military service during peacetime, but during wartime homosexuals are permitted to enlist as partially able^[536]		/ (Highly bureaucratic, lengthy two-stage process: deciding body meets only twice a year; permission for medical or surgical interventions only at the second stage. Flaw in passport conversion whereby passport number may reveal former designation of sex to agencies.)^[537]
Georgia	Legal since 2000 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Constitutional ban since 2018			Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[538]	Requires sterilisation and surgery for change^[481]
Kazakhstan	Legal since 1998^[68]			^[539]		Requires sex reassignment surgery, sterilization, hormone therapy and medical examinations^{[citation needed]}
Moldova	Legal since 1995 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Constitutional ban since 1994^[540]		^{[citation needed]}	Bansall anti-gay discrimination	No longer requires sterilisation or surgery for change since 2017^[481]
Russia	Male legal nationwide since 1993 Female always legal^[343]^[68] (de-facto illegal inChechnya)	Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples since 2020		^[541]		Gender change has not been legal since 2023^[542]
South Ossetia (Disputed territory)	Legal after 1991
Transnistria (Disputed territory)	Legal since 2002^[543]
Ukraine	Legal since 1991 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Constitutional ban since 1996^[544]	LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples^[545]	^[546]^[547]	Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[548]	No longer requires sterilisation or surgery for change since 2016^[549]

Northern Europe

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Denmark	Legal since 1933; equal age of consent since 1973 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships from 1989 to 2012 (existing partnerships are still recognised)^[550]	Legal since 2012^[551]^[552]	Stepchild adoption since 1999; joint adoption since 2010^[553]^[554]	Includes transgender people^[555]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy^[556]
Estonia	Legal since 1992 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Cohabitation agreement since 2016^[557]	Legal since 2024^[558]	Stepchild adoption since 2016; joint adoption since 2024^[559]	^{[citation needed]} Includes transgender people^[560]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Gender reassignment legal; surgery not required^[481]
Faroe Islands (Autonomous Territory within theKingdom of Denmark)	Legal since 1933; equal age of consent since 1977 + UN decl. sign.^[68]		Legal since 2017^[561]^[562]	Legal since 2017	TheKingdom of Denmark responsible for defence	Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[563]^[564]	^[565]
Finland (includesÅland)	Legal since 1971; equal age of consent since 1999 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships from 2002 to 2017 (existing partnerships are still recognised)^[566]	Legal since 2017^[567]	Stepchild adoption since 2009; joint adoption since 2017	Includes transgender people^[568]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Since 2023, by way of self-determination.^[569]
Iceland	Legal since 1940; equal age of consent since 1992 (As part ofDenmark) + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered cohabitation since 2006;^[570] Registered partnerships from 1996 to 2010 (existing partnerships are still recognised)^[571]	Legal since 2010^[572]^[573]	Legal since 2006^[574]^[575]	No standing army	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Documents can be amended to the recognised gender, sterilisation not required^[576]^[481]
Latvia	Legal since 1992 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships since 2024^[577]^[578]	Constitutional ban since 2006^[579]	LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples, incl. stepchild adoption^[580]	^[581]	Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[582]	Legal change allowed^[583] but requires "full" transition and doctor's or court's approval.^[584] Sterilization required.^[585]
Lithuania	Legal since 1993 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	/ Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018; Cohabitation agreement pending^[586] Civil unions proposed.	Constitutional ban since 1992^[587]	/ Stepchild adoption admitted by the judiciary since 2024^[588]	Since 2015^[589]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Effective from 2/2/2022, gender change on legal documents permitted withoutsurgery and no non-binary option available.^[590]^[591]
Norway	Legal since 1972 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships from 1993 to 2009 (existing partnerships are still recognised)^[592]	Legal since 2009^[593]^[594]	Stepchild adoption since 2002; joint adoption since 2009^[595]^[596]	Includes transgender people^[597]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[598]	All documents can be amended to the recognised gender^[363]
Sweden	Legal since 1944; equal age of consent since 1972 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships from 1995 to 2009 (existing partnerships are still recognised)^[599]	Legal since 2009^[600]	Legal since 2003^[601]^[602]	^[603] Includes transgender people^[604]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	/ First country within the world in 1972 to allow gender reassignment procedures for individuals. Effective from July 1, 2025 by self-determination for individuals to change gender.^[605]

Southern Europe

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 2000; equal age of consent since 2003 + UN decl. sign.^[68]^[606]^[607]	Since 2005, for members of the British Armed Forces^[608]	Since 2014, for members of the British Armed Forces^[609]		UK responsible for defence	Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[610]
Albania	Legal since 1995 + UN decl. sign.^[68]					Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	No legal recognition^[481]
Andorra	Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Stable unions since 2005^[611]; Civil unions from 2014–2023, replaced by civil marriage^[612]	Legal since 2023	Legal since 2014^[613]^[612]^[614]	Has no military	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Since 2023, without SRS and sterilization - but with a mandatory 2-year waiting period.^[615]
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Legal since 1996 in theFederation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, inRepublika Srpska since 1998, and inBrčko District since 2003 + UN decl. sign.^[68]				^{[citation needed]}	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Requires surgery for change^[616]
Bulgaria	Legal since 1968; equal age of consent since 2002 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	/ Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018	Constitutional ban since 1991^[617]	LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples^[618]		Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.^[619]^[620] Transgender people are not allowed to change gender since 2017.^[621]^[622]
Croatia	Legal since 1977 (As part ofYugoslavia); equal age of consent since 1998 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Unregistered cohabitation since 2003^[623] Life partnerships since 2014^[624]	Constitutional ban since2013^[625]	Legal since 2022^[626]		Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]^[627]	Act on the elimination of discrimination bansall discrimination based on both gender identity and gender expression. Gender change is regulated by special policy issued by Ministry of Health.^[628]
Cyprus	Legal since 1998; equal age of consent since 2002 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil cohabitation since 2015^[357]			^[358]	Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Forbids some discrimination based on gender identity.^[360] Gender change not legal.
Gibraltar (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 1993; equal age of consent since 2012 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil partnerships since 2014^[629]	Legal since 2016^[630]	Legal since 2014	UK responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[631]	Forbids discrimination on the grounds of gender reassignment^[631] Gender change is not legal
Greece	Legal since 1951; equal age of consent since 2015 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Cohabitation agreements since 2015^[632]	Legal since 2024^[633]	Legal since 2024		Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Under theLegal Gender Recognition Act 2017^[634]^[635]
Italy	Legal since 1890 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil unions since 2016^[636]	In 2018 the Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriages performed abroad must be registered as civil unions. (Proposed)^[637]	/ Stepchild adoption admitted by theCourt of Cassation since 2016^[638]^[639]		Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Legal recognition and documents can be amended to the recognised gender, sterilisation not required^[640]^[641]
Kosovo (Disputed territory)	Legal since 1994 (as part ofYugoslavia); equal age of consent since 2004^[68]		^[642]	LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples^[643]^[644]	^{[citation needed]}	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[645]	Forbids discrimination based on gender identity. No legal recognition^[481]
Malta	Legal since 1973 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil unions since 2014^[646]	Legal since 2017	Legal since 2014		Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2016	Transgender people allowed to change gender; surgery not required since 2015^[647]
Montenegro	Legal since 1977 (As part ofYugoslavia) + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Life partnership from July 2021^[648]	Constitutional ban since 2007 (Court decision pending)^[649]^[650]		^{[citation needed]}	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Requires sterilisation and surgery for change^[363]^[481]
North Macedonia	Legal since 1996 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	(Proposed)			^{[citation needed]}	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Forbids discrimination based on gender identity. Gender change is legally recognized since 2021^[651]
Northern Cyprus (Disputed territory)	Legal since 2014^[383]^[384]^[68]					Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[383]^[384]	Legal, requires surgery for change^[385]
Portugal	Legal since 1983; equal age of consent since 2007 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	De facto unions since 2001^[652]^[653]	Legal since 2010^[654]	Legal since 2016^[655]^[656]^[657]		Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	All documents can be amended to the recognised gender since 2011^[658]
Romania	Legal since 1996; equal age of consent since 2002 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	/ Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018;^[659]		LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples^[660]		Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Legal recognition after sex reassignment surgery (sterilisation mandatory)^[481]
San Marino	Legal since 1865 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil unions since 2019		/ Stepchild adoption legal since 2019		Bansall anti-gay discrimination	No legal recognition^[363]
Serbia	Legal from 1858, when nominally a vassal of theOttoman Empire to 1860,^[661] and again since 1994 (As part ofYugoslavia); equal age of consent since 2006 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	(Proposed)	Constitutional ban since 2006^[662]	LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples		Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Legal after 1 year of hormone therapy, surgery no longer required since 2019^[663]
Spain	Legal since 1979 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	De facto unions inCatalonia (1998),^[664]Aragon (1999),^[664]Navarre (2000),^[664]Castilla–La Mancha (2000),^[664]Valencia (2001),^[665] theBalearic Islands (2001),^[666]Madrid (2001),^[664]Asturias (2002),^[667]Castile and León (2002),^[668]Andalusia (2002),^[664] theCanary Islands (2003),^[664]Extremadura (2003),^[664]Basque Country (2003),^[664]Cantabria (2005),^[669]Galicia (2008)^[670]La Rioja (2010),^[671] andMurcia (2018),^[672]^[673] and in both autonomous cities;Ceuta (1998)^[674] andMelilla (2008).^[675]	Legal since 2005^[676]	Legal since 2005^[677]^[678]	Includes transgender people^[679]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal nationwide since 2023.^[680]	Since 2023, by way of self-determination^[681]
Turkey	Legal since 1858^[68]						Legal since 1988, requires sterilisation and surgery for change^[682]
Vatican City	Legal since 1890 (As part ofItaly)^[68]				Has no military

Western Europe

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGB people allowed to serve openly in military	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Belgium	Legal nationwide since 1795; equal age of consent since 1985 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Legal cohabitation since 2000^[683]	Legal since 2003^[684]^[685]^[686]	Legal since 2006^[687]^[688]	Includes transgender people^[689]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Since 2018, sex changes do not require sterilisation and surgery^[690]
France	Legal nationwide since 1791 Legal inSavoy since 1792; equal age of consent since 1982 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil solidarity pact since 1999^[691]	Legal since 2013^[692]	Legal since 2013^[693]	Includes transgender people^[694]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[359]	Since 2017, sex changes no longer requires sterilisation and surgery^[695]
Guernsey (Crown Dependency of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 1983; equal age of consent since 2012 + UN decl. sign.^[696]^[697]^[68]	Civil partnerships performed in the UK abroad recognised for succession purposes in inheritance and other matters respecting interests in property since 2012^[698]^[699] Legal cohabitation since 2017^[700]	Legal since 2017 in Guernsey, since 2018 in Alderney, and since 2020 in Sark^[701] ^[702]	Legal since 2017^[703]	UK responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[704]^[705]	Legal gender changes since 2007^[706]^[707]
Ireland	Male legal since 1993 Female always legal + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil partnerships from 2011 to 2015 (existing partnerships are still recognised)^[708]	Legal since 2015 after aconstitutional referendum^[709]	Legal since 2017^[710]^[711]^[712]^[713]^[714]^[715]	Includes transgender people^[716]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[717]^[718]^[719]	Under theGender Recognition Act 2015, by self-declaration.^[720]
Isle of Man; equal age of consent since 2006 (Crown Dependency of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 1992 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil partnerships since 2011^[721]	Legal since 2016^[722]	Legal since 2011	UK responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[723]	Transgender people are allowed to change their legal gender and to have their new gender recognised as a result of theGender Recognition Act 2009 (c.11)^[724]^[725]
Jersey; equal age of consent since 2006 (Crown Dependency of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 1990 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil partnerships since 2012^[726]	Legal since 2018^[727]^[728]	Legal since 2012	UK responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[729]	Under theGender Recognition (Jersey) Law 2010^[730]
Luxembourg	Legal since 1795; equal age of consent since 1992 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnerships since 2004^[731]	Legal since 2015^[732]^[733]	Legal since 2015^[734]		Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[735]	No divorce, sterilization and/or surgery legally required since September 2018 for change of gender^[736]^[481]
Monaco	Legal since 1793 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Cohabitation agreements since 2020	(Proposed)		France responsible for defence	Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[68]
Netherlands	Legal since 1811; equal age of consent since 1971 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Registered partnership since 1998^[737]	Legal since 2001^[738]	Legal since 2001^[739]^[740]	Includes transgender people^[741]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[742]	Since 2014, sex changes do not require sterilisation and surgery^[743]^[744]
United Kingdom	Female always legal. Male legal inEngland andWales since 1967, inScotland since 1981, and inNorthern Ireland since 1982; equal age of consent since 2001 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil partnerships since 2005^[745]	Legal in England, Wales, and Scotland since 2014, and Northern Ireland since 2020^[746]^[746]	Legal in England and Wales since 2005, in Scotland since 2009 and Northern Ireland since 2013^[747]^[748]^[749]	Since 2000; Includes transgender people^[750]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[751]^[68]^[752]	Under theGender Recognition Act 2004

Oceania

Main article:LGBTQ rights in Oceania

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Oceania

Tables:

Australasia

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Australia (including territories of Christmas Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island)	Always legal for women. Male legal in some states and territories since 1975, nationwide since 1997.Tasmania was the last state to legalise male homosexuality; Equal age of consent in some states and territories since 1975, nationwide since 2016. + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Unregistered cohabitation nationally since 2009; Domestic partnerships inTasmania (2004),^[753]South Australia (2007),^[754]Victoria (2008),^[755]New South Wales (2010),^[756] andQueensland (2012);^[757] Civil unions in theAustralian Capital Territory (2012)^[758]	Legal since 2017^[759]	Legal nationwide since 2018	Gay men and lesbians since 1992^[760]; Transgender and intersex people since 2010^[761]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination.^[762]	Different regulations within each jurisdiction regarding change of sex on abirth certificate. Effective from July 1, 2025 NSW will formally repeal the “surgical requirement” to change sex.^[763]^[764]
New Zealand	Legal since 1986 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Unregistered cohabitation since 2002; Civil unions since 2005	Legal since 2013^[765]	Legal since 2013^[765]	Since 1993; Includes transgender people^[766]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination	Covered under the "sex discrimination" provision of theHuman Rights Act 1993; Since July 2023, gender self-determination implemented by legislation on abirth certificate.^[767]^[768]

Melanesia

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Fiji	Legal since 2010 + UN decl. sign.^[769]^[68]					Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[68] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2010
Indonesia	Legal (except in Aceh)^[68]^[770]					Limited protection following legal process by the authorities.^[771]	Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only aftersex reassignment surgery.
New Caledonia (Special collectivity ofFrance)	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the collectivity) + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil solidarity pact since 2009^[772]	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013	France responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination	Under French law
Papua New Guinea	Male illegal Penalty: 3 to 14 years imprisonment (Rarely enforced, legalization proposed). Female always legal^[68]
Solomon Islands	Illegal Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment (Not enforced, Legalization proposed).^[68]				Has no military	^[773]
Vanuatu	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed since independence^[774]) + UN decl. sign.^[68]					Bans some anti-gay discrimination

Micronesia

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Guam (Unincorporated territory of theUnited States)	Legal since 1978	Since 2015	Legal since 2015	Legal since 2002	United States responsible for defense^[775]^[776]	Bans some anti-gay discrimination	Allowed to legally change gender, but requiressex reassignment surgery
Micronesia	Legal + UN decl. sign.^[68]				Has no military	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[777]
Kiribati	Male illegal Penalty: 5-14 years imprisonment (Not enforced, Legalization proposed). Female legal^[68]				Has no military	Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Marshall Islands	Legal since 2005 + UN decl. sign.^[68]				Has no military	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[778]
Nauru	Legal since 2016^[779]^[780] + UN decl. sign.				Has no military	Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2016
Northern Mariana Islands (Unincorporated territory of theUnited States)	Legal since 1983	Since 2015	Legal since 2015	Legal since 2015	United States responsible for defense^[775]^[776]	Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[781]^[782]	Under theVital Statistics Act of 2006
Palau	Legal since 2014 + UN decl. sign.^[783]		Constitutional ban since 2008		Has no military
United States Minor Outlying Islands (Unincorporated territories of theUnited States)	Legal		Legal	Legal	United States responsible for defense^[775]^[776]

Polynesia

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
American Samoa (Unincorporated territory of theUnited States)^[784]	Legal since 1980	/ Same-sex marriages recognized but not performed under Respect for Marriage Act since 2022.	/ Same-sex marriages recognized but not performed under Respect for Marriage Act since 2022.^[785]		United States responsible for defense^[775]^[776]		^[786]
Cook Islands (Part of theRealm of New Zealand)	Legal since 2023 + UN decl. sign.^[68]				New Zealand responsible for defence	Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[787]
Easter Island (Special territory ofChile)	Legal since 1999 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil unions since 2015^[788]	Since 2022^[789]	Since 2022^[789]	Chile responsible for defence^[790]^[791]	Bansall anti-gay discrimination^[792] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2021	Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name since 1974. No surgeries or judicial order since 2019.^[793]
French Polynesia (Overseas collectivity ofFrance)	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the collectivity) + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Since 2013	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013	France responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination	Under French law
Hawaii (Constituent state of theUnited States)	Since 1972	Since 1997	Since 2013	Since 2012	United States responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination
Niue (Part of theRealm of New Zealand)	Male illegal Penalty: 5-10 years imprisonment. (Not enforced, Legalization proposed).^[794] Female legal + UN decl. sign.^[68]				New Zealand responsible for defence
Pitcairn Islands (Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)	Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Since 2015	Legal since 2015^[795]	Legal since 2015^[796]	UK responsible for defence	Constitutional ban onall anti-gay discrimination^[797]
Samoa	Male illegal Penalty: 5-7 years imprisonment (Not enforced). Legalization proposed Female always legal + UN decl. sign.^[68]				Has no military	Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[798] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2007	Samoa has a large transgender or "third-gender" community called thefa'afafine. They are a recognized part of traditional Samoan customs.
Tokelau (Dependent territory of theRealm of New Zealand)	Legal since 2003^[799] + UN decl. sign.^[68]				New Zealand responsible for defence
Tonga	Male illegal Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment (Not enforced, Legalization proposed). Female always legal^[68]
Tuvalu	Male illegal Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment (Not enforced). Legalization proposed Female legal + UN decl. sign.^[68]		Constitutional ban since 2023		Has no military	Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Wallis and Futuna (Overseas collectivity ofFrance)	Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the collectivity) + UN decl. sign.^[68]	Civil solidarity pact since 2009	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013	France responsible for defence	Bansall anti-gay discrimination	Under French law

Notes

^Never criminalized nationwide, except in the province ofAceh
^De facto illegal inChechnya
^In Taiwan, gender change is not explicitly stated in any law; instead it is permitted by an executive order published by the Ministry of the Interior, which dictates that sex reassignment surgeries are required before gender change. In 2021 a judgement by the Taipei High Administrative Court^[440] ruled that the executive order above was unconstitutional and therefore the defendant (district household registration office) must allow the plaintiff to change their gender. The judgement was finalized since the defendant did not appeal. However, since rulings in Taiwan are generally not precedential, said judgement only applies to the plaintiff and does not bind other cases nor the executive branch.
^Except for the settlementsMarawi andM'lang.
^In January 2019, a lower administrative court in Warsaw ruled that the language in Article 18 of the Constitution does not explicitly ban same-sex marriage.^[511]

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^Judgment of the Supreme Court of 7 July 2004, II KK 176/04,W dotychczasowym orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego, wypracowanym i ugruntowanym zarówno w okresie obowiązywania poprzedniego, jak i obecnego Kodeksu postępowania karnego, a także w doktrynie (por. wypowiedzi W. Woltera, A. Zolla, A. Wąska), pojęcie "wspólne pożycie" odnoszone jest wyłącznie do konkubinatu, a w szczególności do związku osób o różnej płci, odpowiadającego od strony faktycznej stosunkowi małżeństwa (którym w myśl art. 18 Konstytucji jest wyłącznie związek osób różnej płci). Tego rodzaju interpretację Sąd Najwyższy, orzekający w niniejszej sprawie, w pełni podziela i nie znajduje podstaw do uznania za przekonywujące tych wypowiedzi pojawiających się w piśmiennictwie, w których podejmowane są próby kwestionowania takiej interpretacji omawianego pojęcia i sprowadzania go wyłącznie do konkubinatu (M. Płachta, K. Łojewski, A.M. Liberkowski). Rozumiejąc bowiem dążenia do rozszerzającej interpretacji pojęcia "wspólne pożycie", użytego w art. 115 § 11 k.k., należy jednak wskazać na całkowity brak w tym względzie dostatecznie precyzyjnych kryteriów.
^"Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 11 May 2005, K 18/04".Polska Konstytucja określa bowiem małżeństwo jako związek wyłącznie kobiety i mężczyzny.A contrario nie dopuszcza więc związków jednopłciowych. [...] Małżeństwo (jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny) uzyskało w prawie krajowym RP odrębny status konstytucyjny zdeterminowany postanowieniami art. 18 Konstytucji. Zmiana tego statusu byłaby możliwa jedynie przy zachowaniu rygorów trybu zmiany Konstytucji, określonych w art. 235 tego aktu.
^"Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 9 November 2010, SK 10/08".W doktrynie prawa konstytucyjnego wskazuje się nadto, że jedyny element normatywny, dający się odkodować z art. 18 Konstytucji, to ustalenie zasady heteroseksualności małżeństwa.
^"Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland of 25 October 2016, II GSK 866/15".Ustawa o świadczeniach zdrowotnych finansowanych ze środków publicznych nie wyjaśnia, co prawda, kto jest małżonkiem. Pojęcie to zostało jednak dostatecznie i jasno określone we wspomnianym art. 18 Konstytucji RP, w którym jest mowa o małżeństwie jako o związku kobiety i mężczyzny. W piśmiennictwie podkreśla się, że art. 18 Konstytucji ustala zasadę heteroseksualności małżeństwa, będącą nie tyle zasadą ustroju, co normą prawną, która zakazuje ustawodawcy zwykłemu nadawania charakteru małżeństwa związkom pomiędzy osobami jednej płci (vide: L. Garlicki Komentarz do art. 18 Konstytucji, s. 2-3 [w:] Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Komentarz, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa 2003). Jest wobec tego oczywiste, że małżeństwem w świetle Konstytucji i co za tym idzie – w świetle polskiego prawa, może być i jest wyłącznie związek heteroseksualny, a więc w związku małżeńskim małżonkami nie mogą być osoby tej samej płci.
^"Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland of 28 February 2018, II OSK 1112/16".art. 18 Konstytucji RP, który definiuje małżeństwo jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny, a tym samym wynika z niego zasada nakazująca jako małżeństwo traktować w Polsce jedynie związek heteroseksualny.
^
*Gallo D; Paladini L; Pustorino P, eds. (2014).Same-Sex Couples before National, Supranational and International Jurisdictions. Berlin: Springer. p. 215.ISBN 978-3-642-35434-2.the drafters of the 1997 Polish Constitution included a legal definition of a marriage as the union of a woman and a man in the text of the constitution in order to ensure that the introduction of same-sex marriage would not be passed without a constitutional amendment.
- Marek Safjan; Leszek Bosek, eds. (2016).Konstytucja RP. Tom I. Komentarz do art. 1-86. Warszawa: C.H. Beck Wydawnictwo Polska.ISBN 9788325573652.Z przeprowadzonej powyżej analizy prac nad Konstytucją RP wynika jednoznacznie, że zamieszczenie w art. 18 Konstytucji RP zwrotu definicyjnego "związek kobiety i mężczyzny" stanowiło reakcję na fakt pojawienia się w państwach obcych regulacji poddającej związki osób tej samej płci regulacji zbliżonej lub zbieżnej z instytucją małżeństwa. Uzupełniony tym zwrotem przepis konstytucyjny "miał pełnić rolę instrumentu zapobiegającego wprowadzeniu takiej regulacji do prawa polskiego" (A. Mączyński, Konstytucyjne podstawy prawa rodzinnego, s. 772). Innego motywu jego wprowadzenia do Konstytucji RP nie da się wskazać (szeroko w tym zakresie B. Banaszkiewicz, "Małżeństwo jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny", s. 640 i n.; zob. też Z. Strus, Znaczenie artykułu 18 Konstytucji, s. 236 i n.). Jak zauważa A. Mączyński istotą tej regulacji było normatywne przesądzenie nie tylko o niemożliwości unormowania w prawie polskim "małżeństw pomiędzy osobami tej samej płci", lecz również innych związków, które mimo tego, że nie zostałyby określone jako małżeństwo miałyby spełniać funkcje do niego podobną (A. Mączyński, Konstytucyjne podstawy prawa rodzinnego, s. 772; tenże, Konstytucyjne i międzynarodowe uwarunkowania, s. 91; podobnie L. Garlicki, Artykuł 18, w: Garlicki, Konstytucja, t. 3, uw. 4, s. 2, który zauważa, że w tym zakresie art. 18 nabiera "charakteru normy prawnej").
- Scherpe JM, ed. (2016).European Family Law Volume III: Family Law in a European Perspective Family. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 121.ISBN 978-1-78536-304-7.Constitutional bans on same-sex marriage are now applicable in ten European countries: Article 32, Belarus Constitution; Article 46 Bulgarian Constitution; Article L Hungarian Constitution, Article 110, Latvian Constitution; Article 38.3 Lithuanian Constitution; Article 48 Moldovan Constitution; Article 71 Montenegrin Constitution; Article 18 Polish Constitution; Article 62 Serbian Constitution; and Article 51 Ukrainian Constitution.
- Stewart J, Lloyd KC (2016)."Marriage Equality in Europe".Family Advocate.38 (4):37–40.Article 18 of the Polish Constitution limits the institution of marriage to opposite-sex couples.
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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related toLGBT rights by country or territory.

International Lesbian and Gay Association
- State-sponsored Homophobia report (2015 edition)
- Lesbian and Gay Rights in the World map (2015 edition)
Amnesty International USA: LGBT legal status around the world – interactive map
Pride Legal Archived 5 March 2022 at theWayback Machine – information by country
Human Rights Watch on LGBT Rights
International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission resource links – for researching legal information
International Commission of Jurists,Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Justice – A Comparative Law Casebook
United Nations Human Rights Council,Discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity, an annual report
United Nations,Living Free and Equal: What States Are Doing to Tackle Violence and Discrimination against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex People, November 2016

v t e Criminalization of homosexuality
Death penalty	Afghanistan Brunei Iran Mauritania Saudi Arabia Uganda (Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2023) Yemen
Active	British colonies (Section 377, 1860–) Malaysia (1860–, with caning) Uganda (1894–)
Invalidated	Ecuador (1871-1997) India (Section 377, 1861–2018) Sri Lanka (Article 365, 1883–) United States
Repealed	Australia (1975/1997) Brazil (1533–1830) Canada (?–1969) Cyprus (Section 171, 1929–1998) Germany (Paragraph 175, 1871–1969/1994) New Zealand (1840–1986) Singapore (Section 377A, 1938–2007/2022) Norway (Section 213, ?–1972) Romania (Article 200, 1968–1996/2001) Russia (1832–1917, 1933–1993) South Africa (Section 20A, 1969–2007) United Kingdom (1533–1967/1982)
Related articles	Decriminalization of homosexuality Sodomy law LGBT rights Sharia law

LGBTQ rights overview

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v t e Lists of countries bylaws andlaw enforcement rankings
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Guns	Deaths Households Laws Ownership
Punishment	Death penalty Incarceration Life imprisonment
Policing	Prisoner abuse Size of police forces
Obscenity	Incest Laws Pornography Child pornography Fictional pornography depicting minors Simulated child pornography Internet pornography Prostitution Sex trafficking Sexual assault Child sexual abuse Rape Sodomy law
Reproduction	Abortion law Minors and abortion Adoption law International adoption Human cloning Sterilization Surrogacy
Censorship	Censorship by country Book censorship by country Cartographic censorship Film censorship by country Internet censorship by country Censorship of LGBT issues Political censorship Television censorship by country Video gaming censorship by country
Human rights	Children's rights Children in the military Intersex rights Same-sex marriage Human trafficking
Freedom of movement	By country In the air Abode
Property and environment	Air Estate Land Minerals Mining Mortgage Water Riparian water
Business	Competition Mergers and acquisitions Monopoly Corporate Corporate liability Legality of cryptocurrency
Violence	Corporal punishment At home At school In court LGBT rights Police brutality Smoking Alcohol law Murder Slavery
International ownership	International waters Admiralty law UN Convention on the Law of the Sea Antarctic Treaty System World Intellectual Property Organization World Intellectual Property Indicators Foreign ownership International copyright treaties
Other	Animal rights Immigration law National legal systems Religious law Separation of church and state Sharia World Justice Project
List of international rankings Lists by country

v t e Substantivehuman rights
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
Civil and political	Equality before the law Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention Freedom of assembly Freedom of association Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment Freedom from discrimination Freedom of information Freedom of movement Freedom of religion Freedom from slavery Freedom of speech Freedom of thought Freedom from torture LGBT rights Liberty Nationality Personhood Presumption of innocence Access to justice Right of asylum Right to die Right to a fair trial Right to counsel Right to family life Right to keep and bear arms Right to life Right to petition Right to privacy Right to protest Right to refuse medical treatment Right to resist Right of return Right of self-defense Right to truth Security of person Speedy trial Suffrage right to be a candidate Right to homeland
Economic, social and cultural	Digital rights Equal pay for equal work Fair remuneration Labor rights Right to an adequate standard of living Right to clothing Right to development Right to education Right to food Right to health Right to a healthy environment Right to housing Right to Internet access Right to property Right to public participation Right of reply Right to rest and leisure Right of return Right to science and culture Right to social security Right to water Right to work
Sexual and reproductive	Abortion Family planning Family rights Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation Intersex human rights LGBT rights Sexual and reproductive health Right to sexuality

v t e Discrimination
Forms	Institutional Structural Statistical Systemic Taste-based
Attributes	Age Caste Class Dialect Disability Economic Genetic Hair texture Height Language Looks Mental disorder Nationality or citizenship Race / Ethnicity Skin color Scientific racism Rank Sex Sexual orientation Species Size Viewpoint
Social	Arophobia Anti-albinism Acephobia Adultism Anti-altruistic Anti-autism Anti-homelessness Anti-drug addicts Anti-intellectualism Anti-intersex Anti-left handedness Anti-Masonry Aporophobia Audism Biphobia Clannism Elitism Ephebiphobia Health mental in poverty Fatphobia Gayphobia Gerontophobia Heterosexism HIV/AIDS stigma Hypergamy Homophobia In-group Leprosy stigma Lesbophobia Against men Misandry Misogyny Nepotism Outgroup Pedophobia Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Sectarianism Supremacism Aryanism Black Hutu Chauvinism Han Female Human Nordicism Male Jewish Ultranationalism White Transphobia Non-binary Transmisogyny Trans men Vegaphobia Xenophobia
Religious	Atheism Campaigns in China Exclusivism Baháʼí Faith Buddhism Christianity Persecution Catholicism Eastern Orthodoxy Coptic Christianity Jehovah's Witnesses LDS or Mormon Protestantism Tewahedo Orthodoxy post–Cold War era Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Religious police Punishment of apostasy Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari Sikhism Yazidism Zoroastrianism
Race / Ethnicity	Afghan African Albanian Arab Armenian Asian France South Africa United States Assyrian Australian Austrian Azerbaijani Black people African Americans China South Africa Bengali Bulgarian Catalan Chechen Chinese Han people Colombian Croat Dutch English Estonian Filipino French Fulani Finnish Georgian German Greek Haitian Hazara Hungarian Igbo Indian Indigenous people Australia Canada United States Iranian Irish Italian Japanese Jewish Eliminationist New Religious Anti-Yiddish Zionist Korean Kurdish Lithuanian Malay Māori Mexican Middle Eastern Mongolian Montenegrin Nigerian Pakistani Palestinians Pashtun Polish Portuguese Quebec Romani Romanian Russian Scottish Serb Slavic Somali Spanish Taiwanese Tatar Thai Tibetan Turkish Ukrainian Uyghur Venezuelan Vietnamese Welsh White people
Manifestations	Algorithmic bias Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups Blood libel Bullying Cancel culture Capital punishment for homosexuality Carnism Cognitive Compulsory sterilization Corrective rape Counter-jihad Cultural genocide Defamation Democide Dog whistle Domicide Economic Education Academic In curricula Sexism Eliminationism Eliminationist antisemitism Employment Enemy of the people Environmental racism Ethnic cleansing Ethnic conflict Ethnic hatred Ethnic joke Ethnocide Excellence Gender-based dress codes Cosmetics policy High heel policy Forced conversion Freak show Funding Gay bashing Gendercide Transgender genocide Genital modification and mutilation Circumcision Female genital mutilation Intersex medical interventions Genocide examples Glass ceiling Hate crime Disability hate crime Violence against LGBTQ people Violence against transgender people Hate group Hate speech Institutional Abuse Discrimination Racism Homeless dumping Housing Hypergamy Age disparity Indian rolling International inequality Kill Haole Day Lavender scare LGBTQ+ grooming conspiracy theory Linguicide Lynching Media Minority stress Moral exclusion Mortgage Murder music Native American mascots Braves Blackhawks Chiefs Occupational Apartheid Inequality Injustice Segregation Opposition to immigration Paper genocide Persecution Pogrom Political Political repression Ideological repression Purge Racialization Religious persecution Religious terrorism Religious violence Religious war Scapegoating Segregation academy Selective prosecution Sentencing disparity Sexual harassment Sex-selective abortion Slut-shaming Structural abuse Structural discrimination Structural evil Structural inequality Structural violence Suicide Untermensch Trans bashing Victimisation Violence against women White flight White genocide conspiracy theory Wife selling Witch hunt
Discriminatory policies	Algorithmic wage discrimination Age of candidacy Blood purity Blood quantum Breadwinner model Conscription and sexism Crime of apartheid Disabilities Catholic Jewish Disparate impact Fagging Gender pay gap Gender roles Protecting Women's Private Spaces Act Gerontocracy Gerrymandering Ghetto benches Internment Jewish quota Law for Protection of the Nation LGBTQ rights opposition MSM blood donation restrictions No kid zone Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota) One-drop rule Racial quota Racial segregation Jim Crow laws Nuremberg Laws Racial steering Redlining Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) Segregation age racial religious sexual Social exclusion Sodomy law State atheism State religion Ugly law Voter suppression
Countermeasures	Affirmative action Anti-discrimination law Anti-racism Audit study Autism rights movement Blind audition Constitutional colorblindness Cultural assimilation Cultural pluralism Diversity, equity, and inclusion Diversity training Empowerment Fat acceptance movement Feminism Fighting Discrimination Golden Rule Hate speech laws by country Human rights Intersex human rights Korenizatsiia LGBTQ rights Music in the movement against apartheid Nonviolence Racial integration Reappropriation Rock Against Sexism Self-determination Social integration Toleration Transgender rights movement Universal suffrage Women's rights
Related topics	Allophilia Alterity Amatonormativity Bias Cisnormativity Civil liberties Criminalization of homosexuality Dehumanization Diseases of despair Diversity Multiculturalism Neurodiversity Ethnic penalty Figleaf Gender-blind Heteronormativity Historical eugenics Internalized oppression Intersectionality Mad pride Masculism Medical model of disability autism Net bias Nonperson Oikophobia Oppression Police brutality Respect Polyculturalism Power distance Prejudice Prisoner abuse Racial bias in criminal news in the United States Racism by country Racial color blindness Religious intolerance Reverse discrimination Reverse racism Reverse sexism Second-generation gender bias Snobbery Social equity Social exclusion Social identity threat Social model of disability Social privilege Christian male white Social stigma Speciesism Stereotype threat The talk Zionism
Category Commons

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory&oldid=1278661596"

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Same-sex intercourse illegal. Penalties:
Death	Prison; death not enforced
Death under militias	Prison, with arrests or detention
Prison, not enforced¹
Same-sex intercourse legal. Recognition of unions:
Marriage	Extraterritorial marriage²
Civil unions	Limited domestic
Limited foreign	Optional certification
None	Restrictions of expression, not enforced
Restrictions of association with arrests or detention

	Neither	States which did not support either declaration
	Non-member states	States that are not voting members of the United Nations
	Oppose	States which supported an opposing declaration in 2008 and continued their opposition in 2011
	Subsequent member	South Sudan, did not exist in 2008
	Support	States which supported the LGBT rights declaration in the General Assembly or on the Human Rights Council in 2008 or 2011

Movatterモバイル変換

Scope of laws

History of LGBT-related laws

Ancient India

Ancient Israel

Assyria

Ancient Rome

British Empire

Netherlands

Global LGBT rights maps

Timeline

LGBT-related laws by country or territory

Africa

Northern Africa

Western Africa

Central Africa

Eastern Africa

Indian Ocean states

Southern Africa

Americas

North America

Central America

Caribbean

South America

Antarctica

Asia

North Asia

Central Asia

West Asia

South Asia

East Asia

Southeast Asia

Europe

European Union

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Northern Europe

Southern Europe

Western Europe

Oceania

Australasia

Melanesia

Micronesia

Polynesia

See also

Notes

References

External links