| gauss | |
|---|---|
| Unit system | Gaussian andemu-cgs |
| Unit of | magnetic flux density (also known asmagnetic induction, or theB-field, or magnetic field) |
| Symbol | Gor Gs |
| Named after | Carl Friedrich Gauss |
| Conversions | |
| 1 Gor Gsin ... | ... is equal to ... |
| SI derived units | 10−4 tesla[a] |
| Gaussian base units | 1 cm−1/2⋅ |
| esu-cgs | 1/ccgs esu[b] |
Thegauss (symbol:G, sometimesGs) is a unit of measurement of magnetic induction, also known asmagnetic flux density. The unit is part of theGaussian system of units, which inherited it from the oldercentimetre–gram–second electromagnetic units (CGS-EMU) system. It was named after the German mathematician and physicistCarl Friedrich Gauss in 1936. One gauss is defined as onemaxwell per squarecentimetre.
As thecentimetre–gram–second system of units (cgs system) has been superseded by theInternational System of Units (SI), the use of the gauss has been deprecated by the standards bodies, but is still regularly used in various subfields of science, and preferred inastrophysics.[1] The SI unit for magnetic flux density is thetesla (symbol T),[2] which corresponds to10,000gauss.
Although not a component of the International System of Units, the usage of the gauss generally follows the rules for SI units. Since the name is derived from a person's name, its symbol is the uppercase letter "G". When the unit is spelled out, it is written in lowercase ("gauss"), unless it begins a sentence.[3]: 147–148 The gauss may be combined withmetric prefixes,[4]: 128 such as in milligauss, mG (or mGs), or kilogauss, kG (or kGs).
The gauss is the unit of magnetic flux densityB in the system ofGaussian units and is equal toMx/cm2 org/Bi/s2, while theoersted is the unit ofH-field. Onetesla (T) corresponds to 104 gauss, and oneampere (A) per metre corresponds to 4π × 10−3oersted.
The units formagnetic flux Φ, which is theintegral ofmagneticB-field over anarea, are theweber (Wb) in theSI and themaxwell (Mx) in the CGS-Gaussian system. The conversion factor is108 maxwell per weber, sinceflux is the integral of field over an area, area having the units of the square of distance, thus104 G/T (magnetic field conversion factor) times the square of102 cm/m (linear distance conversion factor). 108 Mx/Wb = 104 G/T × (102 cm/m)2.
