Doab | |
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Natural region | |
 A map showing the differentdoabs in the northern subcontinent | |
| Region | Indian subcontinent |
Doab (English:/ˈdoʊɑːb/) is a term used inSouth Asia[1] for the tract[2][1] of land lying between twoconfluent rivers. It is similar to aninterfluve.[3] In theOxford Hindi-English Dictionary,R. S. McGregor refers to its Persian origin in defining it asdo-āb (دوآب, literally "two [bodies of] water") "a region lying between and reaching to the confluence of two rivers."
SinceNorth India andPakistan are coursed by a multiplicity of Himalayan rivers that divide the plains intodoabs (i.e. regions between two rivers), theIndo-Gangetic plains consist of alternating regions of river,khadir andbangar. The regions of thedoabs near the rivers consist of low-lying,floodplains, but usually, very fertilekhadir and the higher-lying land away from the rivers consist ofbangar, less prone to flooding but also less fertile on average.[4][5]
Khadir is also callednali ornaili, specially in northern Haryana the fertileprairie tract between theGhaggar river and the southern limits of theSaraswati channel depression in that gets flooded during the rains.[6]
Within bangar area, thebarani is any low rain area where the rain-fed dry farming is practiced, which nowadays are dependent on the tubewells for irrigation.[7]Bagar tract, an example of barani land, is the dry sandy tract of land on the border of Rajasthan state adjoining the states of Haryana and Punjab.[7]Nahri is anycanal-irrigated land,[6] for example, theRangoi tract which is an area irrigated by theRangoi channel/canal made for the purpose of carrying flood waters of Ghagghar river to dry areas.[8][9]
Historically, villages in thedoabs have been officially classified askhadir,khadir-bangar (i.e. mixed) orbangar for many centuries, and different agricultural tax rates applied based on a tiered land-productivity scale.[10][11]
The Doab designates the flat alluvial tract between theGanges andYamuna rivers extending from theSivalik Hills to the two rivers' confluence atPrayagraj. It is also called asGanges-Yamuna Doab orGanga Doab. The region has an area of about 23,360 square miles (60,500 square km); it is approximately 500 miles (805 km) in length and 60 miles (97 km) in width.[12]
TheBritish raj divided theDoab into three administrative districts, viz.,Upper Doab (Meerut), Middle Doab (Agra) and Lower Doab (Allahabad).[12][citation needed]
Currently the following states and districts form part ofThe Doab:[12]
Main article :Upper Doab
Saharanpur,Shamli,Muzaffarnagar,Baghpat,Meerut,Ghaziabad,Hapur,Gautam Buddh Nagar andBulandshahr
Etah,Kasganj,Aligarh,Agra,Hathras,Firozabad,Mainpuri andMathura is in the trans-Yamuna region ofBraj.
Farrukhabad,Kannauj,Etawah,Auraiya,Kanpur (Urban & Rural),Fatehpur,Kaushambi andAllahabad.[13]
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Each of the tracts of land lying between the confluent rivers of thePunjab region of Pakistan and India has a distinct name, said to have been coined by RajaTodar Mal, a minister of theMughal emperorAkbar. The names (except for "Indus Sagar") are a combination of the first letters, in the Persian alphabet, of the names of the rivers that bound the Doab. For example, "Chaj" (چج) =Chanāb (چناب, "Chenab") +Jehlam (جہلم, "Jhelum"). The names are from east to west.[citation needed]
TheSind Sagar Doab lies between theIndus andJhelum rivers.[citation needed]
TheChaj Doab lies between theJhelum and theChenab rivers.[citation needed]
TheRachna Doab (considerable portion of the Rechna Doab isMajha[14]) lies between theChenab and theRavi rivers.[citation needed]
TheBari Doab (considerable portion of the Bari Doab isMajha[14]) lies between theRavi,Beas andSutlej rivers.[citation needed]
TheBist Doab (orDoaba) - between theBeas and theSutlej rivers.[citation needed]
TheRaichur Doab is the triangular region ofAndhra Pradesh andKarnataka states which lies between theKrishna River and its tributary theTungabhadra River, named for the town ofRaichur.[citation needed]
... khaddar soils. Away from the river, toward the middle of the doabs, older alluvial soils (called bangar) are widely distributed ...
... The rates here applied were the same as those applied in the Bangar and Khadar circles and the same comparisons hold good ...
... The Khadar-Bangar chak lies along the river; 37 villages are purely Khadar and 39 partly Khadar partly Bangar. The villages nearest the river are subject to inundations, but where the water runs off in time, the natural fertility of the ...
