Gambling inNew Zealand is controlled by theDepartment of Internal Affairs. All public gambling is expected to return a portion of profits to the community. The largest proportion of the gambling industry is operated by state-owned institutions.[citation needed] Expenditure on gambling (losses experienced by players) was $NZ 2.034 billion in 2008 ($NZ 480 per capita), a tenfold increase over 1985 figures.[1]
Bookmaking was declared illegal in New Zealand in 1920.[2] From then until the introduction of theTotalisator Agency Board (TAB) in 1961, betting on racing was only available on-course.In 2020, the Racing Industry Act replaced the Racing Act 2003, establishing Racing Industry Transition Agency (RITA) to oversee the transition of the industry.TAB New Zealand now operates as a commercial entity. Online and mobile betting platforms have grown, reflecting the global trend towards digital gambling. The industry also faces challenges such as competition from international bookmakers and concerns overproblem gambling.[3]
The first "Art Union" was conducted in New Zealand by the Otago Art Society in December 1877.[4] Both individuals and organizations subsequently used them as a way of raising funds. The first national lotteries were established in 1933. They were known as "Art Unions". Prizes were relatively small, and in the early Art Unions the prizes were quantities of alluvial gold. As an example, the "Golden Treasure" Art Union of 1935 had 200,000 tickets with a top prize of £2000 ranging down to an 11th prize of £20 plus 400 prizes of £2.[5] The low returns tempted many people to (illegally) purchase tickets in overseas lotteries such as the AustralianTattersall's lottery. With Art Union sales declining, a review of lotteries was undertaken by the Second Labour Government in the late 1950s, and in 1961 the National Government introduced theGolden Kiwi lottery.[6]
TheNew Zealand Lotteries Commission was established in 1987. Its original product,Lotto, has since been supplemented byInstant Kiwiscratch cards, dailyKeno and a Lotto variant named Big Wednesday. Lotto tickets became available online in 2008.
TheTotalizator Agency Board, commonly called the TAB, is asports betting organisation run by theNew Zealand Racing Board.
Introduced in 1987,slot machines, commonly known as "pokies", are operated by charitable foundations and are mostly placed in hotels and bars. Maximum jackpots are regulated. In the year ending 30 June 2008, turnover was $10.096 billion, of which $9.158 billion was returned as prizes (player losses were $938 million). These figures represent a 9% decrease from the peak year of 2004. Pokies accounted for 46.1% of gambling expenditure (losses) in 2008.[1] The year to 30 June 2009 saw a further 5% fall in expenditure, to $889 million. There were 19,479 machines in 1,501 venues operated by 384 licensees, all of these figures being a decrease from 2008.[7]
Since 1 July 2009, all machines must have Player Information Displays, which inform the gambler how long they have been playing, how much they have lost, and which encourage them to take breaks.[7]
In May 2013, the Government announced it would allow casinoSkyCity Auckland to install an additional 230 pokie machines and 40 new gambling tables, in exchange for a $402 million convention centre.[8][9]
Online pokies, also commonly referred to as online slots, are digital adaptations of traditional slot machines that can be played via the internet. They have gained substantial popularity in the world ofonline gambling, providing players with convenient access to a diverse range of casino games.[citation needed]
There are sixcasinos operating in New Zealand, the first of which (Christchurch Casino) opened in 1994:
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