Gaillon | |
|---|---|
 View of Gaillon from the castle | |
.svg) Coat of arms | |
Location of Gaillon  | |
  Gaillon  Gaillon | |
| Coordinates:49°10′N1°20′E / 49.16°N 1.34°E /49.16; 1.34 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Eure |
| Arrondissement | Les Andelys |
| Canton | Gaillon |
| Intercommunality | CA Seine-Eure |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2020–2026) | Odile Hantz[1] |
Area 1 | 10.19 km2 (3.93 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[2] | 6,785 |
| • Density | 665.8/km2 (1,725/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 27275 /27600 |
| Elevation | 8–144 m (26–472 ft) (avg. 59 m or 194 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Gaillon (French pronunciation:[ɡajɔ̃]) is acommune in theEuredepartment in northernFrance.
The origins of Gaillon are not really known. In 892,Rollo, aViking chief, might have ravaged Gaillon and the region, before he became the first prince of theNormans andcount of Rouen in 911.
The Gaillon history did begin, when the firstdukes of Normandy built a keep to defend the border of Normandy against their enemies : the kings of France. The first castle of Gaillon belonged to a whole system of defence along the Norman border such asEvreux,Pacy-sur-Eure,Vernon, Malassis,Gasny, Baudemont, etc.
In 1192 KingPhilip II Augustus of France seized the castle in his battle withRichard the Lion Heart to conquerNormandy. Richard decided to build a new one a few kilometers away inLes Andelys on the other bank of the Seine River :Château Gaillard.
In 1262 the castle was exchanged between KingLouis IX andEudes Rigaud (Archbishop of Rouen) and it became the residence of the Rouen archbishops until theFrench Revolution.
In 1419 the city was put under siege byThomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence and his English army. It was subsequently retaken by the French, and then by the English. Five years laterJohn Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford, ordered the demolition of all fortifications, sparing only the home of the archbishop.
A new castle was built around 1500 - 1509 byGeorges d'Amboise, Archbishop of Rouen and Minister ofLouis XII in the modernRenaissance style recently imported from Italy. It is often considered the first renaissance castle in France, before theLoire castles were built. Finally it was turned into a prison in 1815, which it remained until 1905.
Gaillon was reached by theParis-Rouen road in 1730. Alock was built atNotre-Dame-de-la-Garenne on theriver Seine in 1840. In 1866 a colony (Douaire), for the agricultural rehabilitation of young offenders, was built in the city.
In 1899 the first hill climb for racing automobiles was begun, climbing throughSainte-Barbe-sur-Gaillon.[3]
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