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Though it was established as a written language in 1957, Gagauz was not used in schools until 1959.[7] Gagauz is a language derived from Balkan Gagauz Turkish; Balkan linguistics was the first to view the consequences of language contact as normal rather than corrupt.[8] The term "Gagauz language" and the identification of one's language as "Gagauz" were established concurrently with or even after the creation of national self-awareness.[9] About 150,000 Gagauz resided in Moldova in 1986, where they lived in settlements within theComrat,Ceadîr-Lunga andVulcănești rayons.[10] Along with the majority of the Gagauz living in Moldova, there are four cities in Bulgaria in which the Gagauz reside.[11]
Between 1750[citation needed] and 1846, the ancestors of the Gagauz emigrated from the current-day Bulgarian Black Sea coast north ofVarna to Russia and settled in the region that is now the current-dayRepublic of Moldova, allowed to do so on the condition that they converted toOrthodox Christianity byEmpress Catherine.[12] In the aftermath of the dissolution of theSoviet Union, the 1994 law on Special Legal Status of Gagauzia was passed in Moldova, which was put into effect in 1995, granting the Gagauz territorial autonomy.[13][14]
It appears that the first alphabet to be used for the language was theGreek alphabet[15] in the late 19th century. For example, orientalistOtto Blau claims that plays ofEuripides had been translated into the Gagauz language and had been written with Greek letters.[16]
Beginning in 1957,Cyrillic was used until 1993. On May 13, 1993, the parliament of the Republic of Moldova passed a decision providing for the official adoption of theLatin-based alphabet for the Gagauz language.[17] This was subsequently amended in 1996.[18] The Gagauz alphabet adopted is modelled on the modernTurkish alphabet, with the addition of three letters:⟨ä⟩ to represent the sound of[æ] (as⟨ə⟩ inAzeri),⟨ê⟩ to represent the[ə] (schwa) sound, which does not exist in Turkish, and⟨ţ⟩ to represent the sound[ts] from the Romanian alphabet. On the other hand, unlike Crimean Tatar, Turkish, and some other Turkic languages, Gagauz does not have the letter⟨ğ⟩, which had become completely silent in the Gagauz language.
Dotted anddotless I are separate letters, each with its own uppercase and lowercase form.I is the capital form ofı, andİ is the capital form ofi. The Gagauz alphabet has no q, w or x. Instead, those characters are transliterated into Gagauz as k, v and ks.
A study in 2012 was conducted on the Gagauz community to assess the current situation and sociocultural context. The findings show that within Gagauzia, official documents, printed publications, and official web sites are only in Russian. The National Passport System in Moldova does not allow the spelling of names in Gagauz. Signposts in Gagauzia are mostly in Romanian, and the names of squares and streets have not changed since the time of the Soviet Union.[19]
Despite various laws that support the rights of citizens to education in their native language, almost all instruction in Gagauzian schools is in Russian. Gagauz, while the native language of all students, is only taught as a "native language" class for a few hours per week.[20] Research has also shown that there are not serious desires or attempts to institute Gagauz as a language of instruction. In a study, 80.6% of respondents preferred Russian as the medium of instruction at schools.[20] There are, however, some notable efforts to increase Gagauz language education.[21]Todur Zanet, editor-in-chief of theAna Sözü local newspaper, has played an active role in encouraging readers and local authorities to promote instruction in their mother tongue. Zanet has also contributed significantly to efforts to standardize the language and increase its accessibility through print and other mediums.
Ana Sözü is the largest local newspaper in Gagauzia. It is also the only local newspaper still written entirely in Gagauz, and was the first newspaper of any kind published in the Gagauz language. Apart fromAna Sözü, there are various newspapers published in the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia, includingAçık Göz,Gagauz Yeri,Gagauz Sesi,Halk Birlii,Novıy Vzgliad,Vesti Gagauzii, andZnamea.
In addition to printed materials, the company Gagauz Radio Televisionu (GRT) produces radio and television broadcasts in Gagauz.
^Menz, Astrid (2000)."Indirectivity in Gagauz". In Johanson, Lars; Utas, Bo (eds.).Evidentials: Turkic, Iranian and Neighbouring Languages. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 103.ISBN978-3-11-080528-4.
^Kvilinkova, E. N. (2013). "The Gagauz Language Through the Prism of Gagauz Ethnic Identity".Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia.52:74–94.doi:10.2753/AAE1061-1959520105.S2CID144122722.
^Varsahr, A. M.; Spitsyn, V. A.; Bychcovscaya, L. S.; Kravchuk, O. I. (2001). "To the research of the gene pool of the Gagauz population of Moldavia".Anthropologischer Anzeiger.59 (1):11–17.doi:10.1127/anthranz/59/2001/11.JSTOR29540987.PMID11360805.
^Chinn, Jeff; Roper, Steven D. (1998). "Territorial Autonomy in Gagauzia".Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity.26 (1):87–101.doi:10.1080/00905999808408552.S2CID154359743.
^Protsyk, Oleh (2010). "Gagauz Autonomy in Moldova: The Real and the Virtual in Post-Soviet State Design". In Weller, Marc; Nobbs, Katherine (eds.).Asymmetric Autonomy and the Settlement of Ethnic Conflicts. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 231–251.doi:10.2307/j.ctt3fhcx2.13.ISBN9780812222388.JSTORj.ctt3fhcx2.13.
^Neukirch, Claus (2002),Autonomy and Conflict Transformation: The Case of the Gagauz Territorial Autonomy In the Republic of Moldova,S2CID31174219
^Ciachir, M. (1933).Basarabialâ gagauzlarân istoriassi. Chișinău. p. 133.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Măcriș, Anatol (2008).Găgăuzii (in Romanian). Bucharest: Editura PACO. p. 71.
^Sirkeli, M. & Lisenco, S. (2012). "Policy Brief: Implementation of linguistic rights of the Gagauz of Moldova. Integration of the Gagauz Community into the Society of Moldova."
^abDağdeviren Kırmızı, Gülin (2015).Emotional and Functional Attitudes of Native Speakers Towards Gagauz as an Endangered Language (PhD thesis). Hacettepe University.hdl:11655/1251.
Kortmann, Bernd; Van der Auwera, Johan, eds. (2011).The Languages and Linguistics of Europe: A Comprehensive Guide. de Gruyter Mouton.doi:10.1515/9783110220261.ISBN978-3-11-022025-4.
Pokrovskaja, Ljudmila A. (1997). "Gagauzskij jazyk".Jazyki mira: Tjurkskie jazyki. Moscow: Indrik. pp. 224–235.
Pokrovskaja, Ljudmila A. (1964).Grammatika gagauzskogo jazyka: fonetika i morfologija. Moskva: Nauka.
Shabasho, A. V. (2002).Гагаузы: система терминов родства и происхождение народа [Gagauzes: terms of kinship system and origin of the people]. Odesa: Astroprint.
Ulutaş, İsmail (2004).Relative clauses in Gagauz syntax. Istanbul: Isis Press.ISBN975-428-283-8.
