| Gāf | |
|---|---|
| گ | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Arabic script |
| Type | Abjad |
| Language of origin | Persian language |
| Sound values | g |
| Alphabetical position | 26 |
| History | |
| Development | 𐤊
|
| Other | |
| Writing direction | Right-to-left |
| This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. | |
| Persian alphabet |
|---|
| ابپتثجچحخدذرزژسشصضطظعغفقکگلمنوهی |
Perso-Arabic script |
Gaf (Persian:گاف;gāf), is the name of differentPerso-Arabic letters, all representing/ɡ/. They are all derived from the letterkāf, with additionaldiacritics, such as dots and lines. In name and shape, it is a variant ofkaf. It is also one of the five letters thePersian alphabet added to the Arabic alphabet (the others beingژ,پ, andچ in addition to the obsoleteڤ). Its numerical value is 5000 (seeAbjad numerals). There are four forms, each used in different alphabets:
A non-standard letter to the Arabic alphabet;Gāf (گ) has been traditionally used inIraq and parts of theLevant for/g/. InMorocco, a similar letter (ݣ) is used. while in other Arabic-speaking countries other letters are used, such asڨ inTunisia andAlgeria, and any of the standard lettersج,غ, orق in the other countries.
The most common form ofgāf (گ) is based onkāf with an additional line. It is rarely used inStandard Arabic itself but is used to represent the sound/ɡ/ when writing other languages.
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naskh glyph form: (Help) | گ | ـگ | ـگـ | گـ |
| Nastaʿlīq glyph form: | گ | ــــگ | ــــگــــ | گــــ |
When representing this sound in transliteration of Persian into Hebrew, it is written as כ׳kaph and ageresh.
It is frequently used inPersian,Pashto,Uyghur,Urdu andKurdish, and is one of four Perso-Arabic letters not found in Arabic. It is also commonly used inMesopotamian Arabic.[1]
InPashto, this letter is used for/ɡ/.
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naskh glyph form: (Help) | ګ | ـګ | ـګـ | ګـ |
| Nastaʿlīq glyph form: | ګ | ــــګ | ــــګــــ | ګــــ |
Thisgāf (ݢ) is derived from a variant form ofkāf (ک), with the addition of adot. It is not used in theArabic language itself, but is used in theJawi script to represent/ɡ/.
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ݢ | ـݢ | ـݢـ | ݢـ |
Unicode includes two forms on this letter: one based on the standard Arabickāf (ك), and one based on the variant form (ک). The latter is the preferred form.[2]
| Preview | ڬ | ݢ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT ABOVE | ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH DOT ABOVE | ||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 1708 | U+06AC | 1890 | U+0762 |
| UTF-8 | 218 172 | DA AC | 221 162 | DD A2 |
| Numeric character reference | ڬ | ڬ | ݢ | ݢ |
This letter (ڮ) is derived from a form ofkāf (ك), with the addition of threedots below.
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ڮ | ـڮ | ـڮـ | ڮـ |
InChechen,Kabardian, andAdyghe, the Arabic characterࢰ is used to spell/kʼ/ or/t͡ʃʼ/. In Chechen, ⟨گ⟩ is alternatively used as well.
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ࢰ | ـࢰ | ـࢰـ | ࢰـ |
This letter (ࢴ) is derived from a form ofkāf (ك), with the addition of three a dot below. It is not used in the Arabic language itself, but is used in theArwi alphabet for theTamil language and thePegon script forIndonesian languages to represent/ɡ/.[3][4]
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ࢴ | ـࢴ | ـࢴـ | ࢴـ |
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The letterڭ is used inBerber andMoroccan Arabic to represent/ɡ/.[5] Examples of its use include city names (e.g.,Agadir:أݣادير) and family names (e.g.,El Guerrouj:الݣروج). The preferred form isڭ.
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ڭ | ـڭ | ـڭـ | ڭـ |
It was also used inOttoman Turkish for/ŋ/. Both forms are based on variant forms ofkāf (ك/ک), with the addition of threedots. The preferred form isݣ.
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ݣ | ـݣ | ـݣـ | ݣـ |
| Preview | ګ | ڬ | ڮ | گ | ࢰ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH RING | ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT ABOVE | ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH THREE DOTS BELOW | ARABIC LETTER GAF | ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH INVERTED STROKE | |||||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 1707 | U+06AB | 1708 | U+06AC | 1710 | U+06AE | 1711 | U+06AF | 2224 | U+08B0 |
| UTF-8 | 218 171 | DA AB | 218 172 | DA AC | 218 174 | DA AE | 218 175 | DA AF | 224 162 176 | E0 A2 B0 |
| Numeric character reference | ګ | ګ | ڬ | ڬ | ڮ | ڮ | گ | گ | ࢰ | ࢰ |
| Preview | ݢ | ݣ | ڭ | ࢴ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH DOT ABOVE | ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE | ARABIC LETTER NG | ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT BELOW | ||||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 1890 | U+0762 | 1891 | U+0763 | 1709 | U+06AD | 2228 | U+08B4 |
| UTF-8 | 221 162 | DD A2 | 221 163 | DD A3 | 218 173 | DA AD | 224 162 180 | E0 A2 B4 |
| Numeric character reference | ݢ | ݢ | ݣ | ݣ | ڭ | ڭ | ࢴ | ࢴ |