HMSHasty in 1936
Class overview
Operators	Royal Navy  Royal Hellenic Navy  Brazilian Navy  Argentine Navy  Polish Navy  Royal Canadian Navy  Dominican Navy  Royal Netherlands Navy
Preceded by	E and F class
Succeeded by	I class
Subclasses	G, H,Havant
Built	1934–1940
In commission	1936–1964
Completed	24
Lost	17
Scrapped	7
General characteristics (G- and H-class as built)
Displacement	1,340–1,350long tons (1,360–1,370 t) (standard) 1,854–1,860 long tons (1,884–1,890 t) (deep load)
Length	323 ft (98.5 m) (o/a)
Beam	33 ft (10.1 m)
Draught	12 ft 6 in (3.8 m)
Installed power	3Admiralty 3-drum boilers 34,000 shp (25,000 kW)
Propulsion	2 shafts; 2 gearedsteam turbines
Speed	35.5knots (65.7 km/h; 40.9 mph)
Range	5,530 nmi (10,240 km; 6,360 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement	137 (peacetime), 146 (wartime)
Sensors & processing systems	ASDIC
Armament	4 × single4.7 in (120 mm) guns 2 × quadruple0.5 in (12.7 mm) AA machine guns 2 × quadruple21 in (533 mm)torpedo tubes 1 ×depth charge rack, 2 × throwers, 20 × depth charges
General characteristics (Havant class, where different)
Armament	3 × single4.7 in (120 mm) guns Up to 110 depth charges
General characteristics (Grenville &Hardy, where different)
Displacement	1,445–1,465 long tons (1,468–1,489 t) (standard) 1,953–2,033 long tons (1,984–2,066 t) (deep load)
Length	330–337 ft (100.6–102.7 m) (o/a)
Beam	33.75–34 ft (10.3–10.4 m)
Installed power	38,000 shp (28,000 kW)
Complement	175
Armament	5 × single4.7 in (120 mm) guns

TheG- and H-class destroyers were a group of 18destroyers built for theRoyal Navy during the 1930s. Six additional ships being built for theBrazilian Navy when World War II began in 1939 were purchased by the British and named theHavant class. The design was a major export success with other ships built for theArgentine andRoyal Hellenic Navies. They were assigned to theMediterranean Fleet upon completion and enforced theNon-Intervention Agreement during theSpanish Civil War of 1936–1939.

Most ships were recalled home or were sent to theNorth Atlantic from October to November 1939, after it became clear thatFascist Italy was not going to intervene in World War II. Then they began to escort convoys and patrol for Germansubmarines andcommerce raiders. Two ships were lost to Germanmines in the first six months of the war. Three more were lost during theNorwegian Campaign, one in combat with a German cruiser and two during theFirst Battle of Narvik in April 1940. TheBattle of France was the next test for the destroyers from May to June, with many of the Gs andHavants participating in theevacuation of Dunkirk and the subsequent evacuations of Allied troops from western France. Three ships were sunk, two by bombs and the other by torpedoes. Most of the H-class ships were sent to the Mediterranean in May in case Mussolini decided to attack France and the majority of the surviving Gs were sent toForce H at Gibraltar in July. Two of them,Griffin andGreyhound, participated in theBattle of Dakar, before being assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet with theirsister ships. By the end of the year, the ships participated in several battles with theRoyal Italian Navy, losing two to Italian mines and torpedoes, while sinking two Italian submarines. TheHavants spent most of the war in the North Atlantic on convoy escort duties, losing half their number to German submarines, while helping to sink six in exchange by the end of the war.

The G- and H-class ships of the Mediterranean Fleet escorted numerousMalta convoys, participated in theBattle of Cape Matapan in March 1941 and covered theevacuation of troops from Greece and Crete from May to June, losing two to German bombers and another so badly damaged that she was later written off. By the end of the year, they had sunk three submarines, two Italian and one German. Three Hs participated in the Second Battle of Sirte in March 1942, during which one was damaged. Further damaged by aerial attacks, she was ordered toGibraltar andran aground in transit and had to be destroyed. Another was torpedoed and lost duringOperation Vigorous in June. The ships sank two more submarines during 1942 and three destroyers began conversion toescort destroyers late that year and early in 1943. Two of the four surviving Gs and Hs were transferred to theRoyal Canadian Navy (RCN) while under conversion. All of the surviving ships joined theirHavant half-sisters on escort duty in the North Atlantic in 1943.

One ship was sent to the Mediterranean in 1944 while three others were transferred to the UK in preparation forOperation Overlord. Between them they sank five German submarines in 1944 with another in 1945. Worn-out and obsolete, the survivors were eitherbroken up for scrap or sold off after the war.

The G class were ordered as part of the 1933 Naval Construction Programme, the H class following in 1934. These ships were based on the precedingF class, but the elimination of cruising turbines and the development of more compact machinery allowed their dimensions anddisplacement to be slightly reduced. The H class were repeats of the G's with some minor differences. All of the destroyers were fitted withASDIC (sonar) and the ability to use the Two-Speed Destroyer Sweep (TSDS)minesweeping gear.^[1]

The G- and H-class destroyers displaced 1,340–1,350long tons (1,360–1,370 t) atstandard load and 1,854–1,860 long tons (1,884–1,890 t) atdeep load. The ships had anoverall length of 323 feet (98.5 m), abeam of 33 feet (10.1 m) and adraught of 12 feet 6 inches (3.8 m).^[2] Their peacetime complement was 137 officers andratings, which was intended to increase to 146 in wartime. The ships were at theirstability limit as built and theDirector of Naval Construction believed that no additions in top weight should be made without an equal amount of weight being removed.^[3]

They were powered by twoParsons gearedsteam turbines, each driving onepropeller shaft, using steam provided by threeAdmiralty 3-drum boilers that operated at a pressure of 300 psi (2,068 kPa; 21 kgf/cm²) and a temperature of 620 °F (327 °C).Hyperion was fitted with oneJohnson boiler in her aft boiler room. The turbines developed a total of 34,000shaft horsepower (25,000 kW) and gave a maximum speed of 35.5knots (65.7 km/h; 40.9 mph). The destroyers carried a maximum of 450–475 long tons (457–483 t) offuel oil that gave them a range of 5,500nautical miles (10,200 km; 6,300 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).^[2]

All of the ships had the same main armament, fourquick-firing (QF)4.7-inch (120 mm) Mark IX guns in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. The guns had a maximum elevation of 40°; the G class achieved this with a lowered section of the deck around the mount, the "well", that allowed thebreech of the gun to be lowered below deck height, but the new gun mount used in the H class was designed to reach that elevation without the necessity for the clumsy "wells".^[4] They fired a 50-pound (23 kg) shell at amuzzle velocity of 2,650 ft/s (810 m/s) to a range of 16,970 yards (15,520 m).^[5]Hereward served as thetestbed for the twin 4.7-inch gun mount used for theTribal and theJ, K and N classes that temporarily replaced 'B' gun. Foranti-aircraft (AA) defence, they had two quadruple mounts for theQF 0.5-inch Vickers Mk III machine gun on platforms between thefunnels. The G- and H-class ships were fitted with two quadruple mounts for21-inch (533 mm)torpedo tubes, althoughGlowworm trialled the new quintuple mount. The ships were also equipped with two throwers and one rack for 20depth charges.^[6]

The main guns were controlled by anAdmiralty Fire Control Clock Mk I that used data derived from the manually operateddirector-control tower and the separaterangefinder situated above thebridge. They had no capability for anti-aircraft fire and the anti-aircraft guns were aimed solely by eye.^[7]Hero andHereward saw the introduction of a new style of bridge that would become standard on all Royal Navy fleet destroyers from theI class through to theBattle class of 1944. This was necessary asHereward was fitted with a prototype twin-gun mounting that had atrunnion height 13 inches (33.0 cm) higher than the previous weapons, therefore it was necessary to raise thewheelhouse to allow thehelmsman to see over the top. Raising the wheelhouse meant it had to be placed in front of, rather than underneath, the bridge, and it was given angled sides, resulting in a characteristic wedge shape with a sloping roof.^[8]

Beginning in May 1940, the after bank of torpedo tubes was removed and replaced with aQF 12-pounder Mk V anti-aircraft gun, the after mast and funnel being cut down to improve the gun's field of fire. Four to eightQF 20 mm Oerlikoncannons were added to the surviving ships, usually replacing the .50-calibre machine gun mounts between the funnels. One pair of these was added to the bridge wings and the other pair was mountedabreast thesearchlight platform.^[6] Early in the war, depth charge stowage increased to 44.^[9] By 1943, only four ships were still afloat and all had the 'Y' gun on thequarterdeck removed to allow for additional depth charge stowage and two additional depth charge throwers. The 12-pounder was removed to allow for the installation of aHuff-Duffradio direction finder on a shortmainmast and for more depth charges. All of the survivors, exceptGarland, had 'A' or 'B' gun replaced by aHedgehog anti-submarinespigot mortar, and their director-control tower and rangefinder above the bridge removed in exchange for aType 271 target-indicationradar. 'A' gun was later replaced inHotspur whileHero had exchanged 'B' gun for a Hedgehog and a twin-gun mount forQF six-pounderHotchkiss guns for use against U-boats at very close range. AType 286 short-range, surface-search radar, adapted from theRoyal Air Force's ASV radar, was also added. The early models, however, could only scan directly forward and had to be aimed by turning the entire ship.^[6]

As per the E and F class, theflotilla leaders were built to an enlarged design, incorporating a fifth 4.7-inch gun in 'Q' position, between the funnels and were based on the F-class leader,Faulknor.^[10]Grenville was shorter and heavier thanHardy as she used compactYarrow-type side fired boilers whileHardy was slightly beamier. They displaced 1,445–1,465 long tons (1,468–1,489 t) at standard load and 1,953–2,033 long tons (1,984–2,066 t) at deep load.^[2] The ships had an overall length of 330–337 feet (100.6–102.7 m),^[10] a beam of 33.75–34 feet (10.3–10.4 m)^[11] and a draught of 12 feet 6 inches (3.8 m). The ships carried a total of 175 personnel which included the staff of theCaptain (D), commanding officer of the flotilla.^[12] Their turbines were 2,000 shp (1,500 kW) more powerful than theprivate ships, which made them 0.5 knots (0.93 km/h; 0.58 mph) faster; their propulsion machinery was otherwise identical. Both ships were early wartime losses and consequently received no modifications.^[6]

TheHavants were laid down in 1938 for Brazil and requisitioned on 5 September 1939. They were optimized for anti-submarine work and were completed without 'Y' gun and were equipped with eight throwers and three racks for a total of 110 depth charges. Unlike theirhalf-sisters, they were fitted with a combined rangefinder-director above the bridge. Wartime modifications were similar to the other G- and H-class ships as a 12-pounder AA gun replaced the aft torpedo tubes, 20 mm Oerlikons were added on the bridge wings and a Type 286 radar was installed. Later modifications replaced the .50-calibre machine guns with a pair of Oerlikons, a Type 271 radar was added that replaced the rangefinder-director, a Hedgehog was substituted for 'A' gun, the 12-pounder removed for more depth charge stowage, and a HF/DF mast was installed aft.^[13]

These six ships were ordered by theBrazilian Navy, but on the outbreak of World War II, they were requisitioned by the Royal Navy. They are usually included with the H class.

Seven ships were built for theArgentine Navy as theBuenos Aires class, they were delivered in 1938. They were built by Vickers Armstrongs (Barrow), Cammell Laird andJohn Brown & Company (Clydebank). One ship was lost after a collision in 1941, but the remaining ships were in service until broken up in the early 1970s.^[37]

Brazil ordered sixJurua-class ships from Britain in 1938. These ships were purchased by Britain on the outbreak of war in 1939 and are described above. The Brazilians decided to produce indigenous destroyers, theAcre class, at the Ilha das Cobras shipyard,Rio de Janeiro. The design was based on the H-class plans supplied by Britain, but with guns and machinery supplied by theUnited States. Although laid down in 1940, the ships were not completed until 1949–1951.^[38]

Two ships, modified versions of the G class, were built for the GreekRoyal Hellenic Navy (RHN) by Yarrow in the late 1930s. The ships were fitted with German-made127-millimetre (5 in) guns and37-millimetre (1.5 in) AA guns. The number of torpedo tubes was reduced by two on these ships to compensate for the additional topweight. The installation of the armament was carried out in Greece as the Germans refused to ship the weapons to Britain.^[39]Vasilefs Georgios, named after KingGeorge I, served with the RHN during theGreco-Italian War. Damaged by German aircraft, the ship managed to reach theSalamis Navy Yard and was put indry dock for repairs, where after further damage during German air attacks, she was finally scuttled to prevent capture. The Germans raised and repaired her and she was commissioned into theKriegsmarine asHermes (ZG3) on 21 March 1942.Hermes was heavily damaged offCape Bon, Tunisia, on 30 April 1943 and scuttled on 7 May 1943.Vasilissa Olga, named after QueenOlga, served with the RHN during the Greco-Italian War. Along with other ships, she escaped toAlexandria in May 1941 and joined the Allied forces. She was lost to German aircraft while anchored inLakki Bay,Leros, on 26 September 1943.^[40]

Grenville and the G class spent the bulk of their time before the start of World War II assigned to the1st Destroyer Flotilla (DF) in theMediterranean Fleet, where they made a number of neutrality patrols during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939. With the exception ofGarland which was under repair atMalta after a premature explosion of her depth charges, they returned home in October–November after it became clear that the Italians would not enter the war.Hardy and the H-class ships were assigned to the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla and joined the Gs in the Mediterranean after commissioning for similar duties.^[41]

After a few weeks assigned toWestern Approaches Command, the 1st DF was assigned to theNore Command atHarwich, although some of the ships were transferred to the22nd Destroyer Flotilla, where they were tasked for escort and patrol duty.Gipsy was sunk on 21 November after she struck a mine, as didGrenville on 19 January 1940. Unlike the 1st DF, the Second was transferred toForce K inFreetown in West Africa, to help search for German commerce raiders. Some ships were later transferred to Bermuda and the West Indies for escort work and patrolling. They returned to the UK in January and spent several months refitting.^[41]

After commissioning,Handy andHearty were renamedHarvester andHesperus, respectively, to avoid confusion withHardy. TheHavant-class destroyers initially formed the9th Destroyer Flotilla assigned to Western Approaches Command for anti-submarine patrols and escort duty. The Germaninvasion of Norway causedHavant,Hesperus, andHavelock to be detached to reinforce the Home Fleet during theNorwegian Campaign.^[42]

Garland,Grafton,Gallant,Hasty andHereward were either under repair or refitting during the early stages of the Norwegian Campaign and did not participate in theBattles of Narvik in April. The remaining ships were assigned to the Home Fleet by this time.Glowworm was separated from thebattlecruiserRenown in a heavy storm on 8 April and encountered the Germanheavy cruiserAdmiral Hipper and several destroyers. The British destroyer could not disengage and was sunk afterrammingAdmiral Hipper.Hardy,Havock,Hostile,Hotspur andHunter participated in the First Battle of Narvik on 10 April. They sank two German destroyers in exchange for the loss ofHardy andHunter, whileHotspur was badly damaged.^[43] That same day,Hero sank theGerman submarine U-50 off the Norwegian coast and was the only G- or H-class destroyer to participate in the Second Battle of Narvik three days later.Griffin andHasty helped to cover the evacuation of Allied troops fromNamsos andÅndalsnes at the end of the month.^[41]Havelock escorted the transports conductingthe evacuation ofNarvik in June.^[44]Garland was loaned to the Polish Navy in May after her repairs were finished and she remained in the Mediterranean, escorting convoys between Malta andAlexandria, Egypt, until she was transferred to the Western Approaches Command in September.^[45]

In mid-May, the 2nd DF was transferred to the Mediterranean withHostile,Hyperion,Hero,Hereward,Havock, andHasty assigned.^[41] Later that month, many of the remaining G andHavant-class ships participated inOperation Dynamo.Grafton was torpedoed byU-62 on 29 May whilst rescuing survivors from the torpedoed destroyerWakeful and had to be scuttled by the destroyerIvanhoe. Later that day,Grenade blew up after being set on fire by German bombs; three days later, on 1 June,Havant was scuttled after being attacked by German bombers.Gallant andGreyhound were damaged while evacuating troops from Dunkirk.Harvester helped to evacuate more troops fromSaint-Valery-en-Caux inOperation Cycle and, together withGriffin,Highlander, andHavelock, she participated inOperation Aerial, the evacuation of Allied troops fromSaint-Nazaire andSt. Jean de Luz.^[46]

Most of the ships of the 2nd DF participated in the inconclusiveBattle of Calabria on 7–8 July. Almost two weeks later,Hasty,Hero,Hyperion andHavock were escorting the Australianlight cruiserSydney when they encountered two Italian light cruisers, sinking one of them in theBattle of Cape Spada.^[47] The ships escorted convoys and the ships of the Mediterranean Fleet for the rest of the year, althoughHostile was sunk when she struck an Italian mine on 23 August andHyperion was sunk by theItalian submarine Serpente on 22 December.^[4]Hotspur was assigned to the13th Destroyer Flotilla, supportingForce H at Gibraltar in July; she was joined byGallant,Greyhound, andGriffin shortly afterwards.^[48] The latter two ships escorted Force H during theBattle of Dakar in September against theVichy French forces there.Havock andHasty sank theItalian submarine Berillo on 2 October off the coast ofCyrenica^[49] whileGallant,Griffin andHotspur sank theItalian submarine Lafolè on 18 October.Gallant,Greyhound,Griffin, now assigned to the14th Destroyer Flotilla of the Mediterranean Fleet, together withHero andHereward, participated in the inconclusiveBattle of Cape Spartivento on 27 November.^[50]

The 9th DF returned to the Western Approaches Command (WAC) from July to September, before they were briefly transferred toPortsmouth Command for several weeks, in response to the possible invasion (Operation Sea Lion). They returned to the WAC before the end of the month andHarvester andHighlander sankU-32 on 30 October. In November 1940, the 9th DF was re-designated as the 9th Escort Group. TheHavants remained on escort duty until they began lengthy refits during 1941.^[51]

Gallant,Greyhound andGriffin were covering a convoy to Malta on 10 January when the former struck a mine that blew off her bow.Griffin rescued her crew and the ship was towed to Malta. Repairs were estimated to take until June 1942, but she was declared a constructive total loss and stripped of equipment after she had to bebeached during an aerial attack on 5 April 1942.^[52] On 19 January,Greyhound sank theItalian submarine Neghelli after the latter torpedoed one of the ships in the convoy thatGreyhound was escorting. Two months later, she sank theItalian submarine Anfitre on 6 March.Greyhound,Griffin,Hotspur,Hasty,Havock andHereward participated in theBattle of Cape Matapan on 27–28 March.^[53]Greyhound was sunk by Germandive bombers two months later, on 22 May, off Crete;^[52]Hereward suffered a similar fate a week later.^[54]Hotspur,Havock,Hero, andHasty also participated in the evacuations of Greece and Crete in May. The latter three ships then supported Allied forces during theSyria–Lebanon Campaign in June. All four of the H-class ships, joined byGriffin, began escorting convoys from Alexandria toTobruk in July, as well as occasional convoys to Malta, and continued to do so for most of the rest of the year.Hasty andHotspur sankU-79 on 23 December while returning from Tobruk.^[55]

Garland and the five survivingHavants spent most of the year on convoy escort duties in the Atlantic^[56] aside from brief diversions such asOperation Tiger, a Mediterranean convoy in May thatHarvester,Havelock, andHesperus escorted,^[57] andGarland's participation in theSpitzbergen Raid in July.^[45]Hurricane was badly damaged by a German bomb in May that took the rest of the year to repair.^[36]

Hesperus was transferred to Force H in December 1941 for anti-submarine defence of theStrait of Gibraltar and sankU-93 by ramming on 15 January 1942. In March 1942, theHavant-class destroyers were designated group leaders of theMid-Ocean Escort Force through the winter of 1942–1943.^[58]Garland was assigned to the escort force forConvoy PQ 16 toMurmansk in May, during which she was damaged by a German bomber. After repairs, she rejoined her half-sisters in the North Atlantic. On 26 December,Hesperus sankU-357 by ramming.^[59]

Griffin andHotspur were transferred to theEastern Fleet in February 1942.Havock,Hasty, andHero participated in theSecond Battle of Sirte on 22 March during which the former was damaged. While under repair at Malta, she was further damaged and was then ordered to Gibraltar for repairs in a safer environment.^[60] Whilst in transit, sheran aground off the Tunisian coast during the night of 5/6 April due to a navigational error and had to be destroyed to prevent her capture.^[61] Together with the destroyersEridge andHurworth,Hero sankU-568 on 28 May.^[62] To reinforce the escorts forOperation Vigorous, a convoy from Alexandria to Malta in June,Griffin andHotspur were temporarily recalled to join their sisters. During the mission,Hasty was torpedoed by a GermanE-boat and had to be scuttled byHotspur on 15 June. On 30 October,Hero shared the credit for sinkingU-559 with five other destroyers and aVickers Wellesley bomber ofNo. 42 Squadron RAF.Griffin arrived home that same month to begin her conversion into anescort destroyer.Garland remained in the North Atlantic until December 1943 when she began escorting convoys between Freetown and Gibraltar.^[63]

Hotspur andHero were sent home and converted into escort destroyers in early 1943.Griffin andHero were transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy in March and November 1943 and renamedOttawa andChaudière, respectively.Hotspur began escort duties in the WAC after her conversion was completed that lasted until October 1944.^[64] While escortingConvoy HX 228,Harvester rammedU-444 on 10 March, but was disabled in the process, so theFrench corvetteAconit finished off the submarine. The following day,Harvester was sunk byU-432 which was in turn sunk byAconit.^[65]Hesperus sankU-191 on 23 April andU-186 on 12 May.Hesperus continued to escort convoys in the North Atlantic until January 1945 when she was transferred to the UK.^[66]Highlander andHurricane also remained on convoy duties, although the latter ship was torpedoed byU-415 on 24 December and had to be scuttled byWatchman the next day.^[67]

Garland was transferred to the Mediterranean in April 1944 and sankU-407 on 19 September. She began a lengthy refit in November and had barely finishedworking up when the war ended.Havelock,Ottawa andChaudière were escorting convoys in the North Atlantic until they were transferred to the UK in preparation for Operation Overlord in May 1944.^[68]Chaudière and the escorts ofConvoy HX 280 sankU-744 on 6 March.^[69]Ottawa sank three German submarines in 1944,U-678 with thecorvetteStatice on 6 July,U-621 withChaudière on 16 August andU-984, also withChaudière, two days later.^[70]

Ottawa,Chaudière andHotspur also had lengthy overhauls that began in late 1944; the latter's was completed in March 1945 and she then patrolled theIrish Sea until the end of the war whileOttawa returned to the North Atlantic when her refit was finished in February.Chaudière's, however, was still not completed by the end of the war.Highlander struck a small iceberg on 15 April that crushed the underwater portion of her bow and was under repair for the next three months.^[71]Havelock andHesperus, assisted by aircraft fromNo. 201 Squadron RAF, sankU-242 in theIrish Channel on 30 April.^[72]

The surviving ships were essentially obsolete and worn-out when the war ended in May.Ottawa made several voyages ferrying Canadian troops back home before she was paid off in October. The ship was sold for scrap in 1946, but was not actually broken up until 1950.Chaudière was in the worst shape of any of the Canadian destroyers and was paid off in August, although she was not scrapped until 1950 like her sister.Garland transported food and other supplies to Dutch and Belgian towns immediately after the end of the war and was part of the Home Fleet until she was reduced to reserve in August 1946. She was purchased by the Royal Netherlands Navy in November 1947, renamedMarnix, and became atraining ship until 1964.Hotspur remained in service until 1948 when she was sold to theDominican Republic and renamedTrujillo. RenamedDuarte in 1962,^[73] the ship was sold for scrap in 1972.^[28]Havelock andHesperus escorted the Norwegian government-in-exile back to Norway in May and then served as a target ship before being broken up in late 1946 and 1947, respectively. Like her sisters,Highlander served as a target ship after her repairs were completed and was scrapped beginning in May 1947.^[74]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toG- and H-class destroyer.

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