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GPR161

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

GPR161

Identifiers

Aliases

GPR161, RE2, G protein-coupled receptor 161

External IDs

OMIM:612250;MGI:2685054;HomoloGene:17824;GeneCards:GPR161;OMA:GPR161 - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)^[1]

Band	1q24.2	Start	168,079,542bp^[1]
Band	1q24.2	End	168,137,667bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)^[2]

Band	1 H2.2\|1 72.64 cM	Start	165,123,358bp^[2]
Band	1 H2.2\|1 72.64 cM	End	165,154,314bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

ganglionic eminence

myometrium

buccal mucosa cell

ventricular zone

tail of epididymis

body of uterus

pars reticulata

stromal cell of endometrium

spinal ganglia

pars compacta

Top expressed in

subiculum

otic vesicle

Region I of hippocampus proper

ganglionic eminence

hand

lumbar spinal ganglion

morula

medial ganglionic eminence

hippocampus proper

ascending aorta

More reference expression data

BioGPS

n/a

Gene ontology
Molecular function	signal transducer activity G protein-coupled receptor activity
Cellular component	plasma membrane cell projection membrane ciliary membrane integral component of membrane endocytic vesicle membrane cilium recycling endosome
Biological process	multicellular organism development signal transduction G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Sources:Amigo /QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


23432


240888

Ensembl


ENSG00000143147


ENSMUSG00000040836

UniProt


Q8N6U8


B2RPY5

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001267609 NM_001267610 NM_001267611 NM_001267612 NM_001267613
NM_001267614 NM_007369 NM_153832 NM_001349632 NM_001349633 NM_001349634 NM_001349635 NM_001375883 NM_001375884 NM_001375885 NM_001381909


NM_001081126 NM_001310429 NM_001310430

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001254538 NP_001254539 NP_001254540 NP_001254541 NP_001254542
NP_001254543 NP_722561 NP_001336561 NP_001336562 NP_001336563 NP_001336564 NP_001362812 NP_001362813 NP_001362814 NP_001368838


NP_001074595 NP_001297358 NP_001297359

Location (UCSC)

Chr 1: 168.08 – 168.14 Mb

Chr 1: 165.12 – 165.15 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

G-protein coupled receptor 161 is aprotein that in humans is encoded by theGPR161gene.^[5]^[6] It is located onprimary cilia and regulates embryonic development through suppression of thehedgehog signaling pathway. It appears to act as amechanoreceptor and may not require an endogenous ligand for activation.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^cGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000143147 –Ensembl, May 2017
^^a ^b ^cGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040836 –Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Small KM, Seman CA, Castator A, Brown KM, Liggett SB (Apr 2002). "False positive non-synonymous polymorphisms of G-protein coupled receptor genes".FEBS Letters.516 (1–3):253–256.Bibcode:2002FEBSL.516..253S.doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02564-4.PMID 11959142.S2CID 35944696.
^"Entrez Gene: GPR161 G protein-coupled receptor 161".
^Tschaikner P, Enzler F, Torres-Quesada O, Aanstad P, Stefan E (2020)."Hedgehog and Gpr161: Regulating cAMP Signaling in the Primary Cilium".Cells.9 (1): 118.doi:10.3390/cells9010118.PMC 7017137.PMID 31947770.
^Patel K, Smith NJ (2024)."Primary cilia, A-kinase anchoring proteins and constitutive activity at the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR161: A tale about a tail".British Journal of Pharmacology.181 (14):2182–2196.doi:10.1111/bph.16053.PMID 36772847.
^Hoppe N, Harrison S, Hwang SH, Chen Z, Karelina M, Deshpande I, et al. (2024)."GPR161 structure uncovers the redundant role of sterol-regulated ciliary cAMP signaling in the Hedgehog pathway".Nature Structural & Molecular Biology.31 (4):667–677.doi:10.1038/s41594-024-01223-8.PMC 11221913.PMID 38326651.
^Paillard T, Allam A, Doulazmi M, Hautefeuille M, Fouquet C, Sarde L, et al. (2025)."GPR161 mechanosensitivity at the primary cilium drives neuronal saltatory migration".Science Advances.11 (31) eadx3846.doi:10.1126/sciadv.adx3846.PMC 12309678.PMID 40737401.

Schöneberg T, Schulz A, Gudermann T (2002). "The structural basis of G-protein-coupled receptor function and dysfunction in human diseases".Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology. Vol. 144. pp. 143–227.doi:10.1007/BFb0116587.ISBN 978-3-540-42814-5.PMID 11987825.
Raming K, Konzelmann S, Breer H (1999). "Identification of a novel G-protein coupled receptor expressed in distinct brain regions and a defined olfactory zone".Receptors & Channels.6 (2):141–151.PMID 9932290.

Cell surface receptor:G protein-coupled receptors

Class A:Rhodopsin-like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3
Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)
Serotonin	(all but5-HT3)5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)
Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 GHB receptor Histamine H1 H2 H3 H4 Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 1 2 FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin DP (1 2),EP (1 2 3 4),FP Prostacyclin Thromboxane
Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2,GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Hydroxycarboxylic acids 1 2 3 Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide

B/W (1
2)
FF (1
2)
S
Y (1
2
4
5)
Neuromedin (B
U (1
2))
Neurotensin (1
2)

Other

Anaphylatoxin (C3a
C5a (1
2))
Angiotensin (1
2)
Apelin
Bombesin
- BRS3
- GRPR
- NMBR)
- Bradykinin (B1
- B2)
Chemerin
- 1
- 2
Chemokine
Cholecystokinin (A
B)
Endothelin
- A
- B
Formyl peptide (1
2
3)
FSH
Galanin (1
2
3)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1
2)
Ghrelin
Kisspeptin
Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
MAS (1
1L
D
E
F
G
X1
X2
X3
X4)
Melanocortin (1
2
3
4
5)
MCHR (1
2)
Motilin
Opioid (Delta
Kappa
Mu
Nociceptin &Zeta, but notSigma)
Orexin (1
2)
Oxytocin
Prokineticin (1
2)
Prolactin-releasing peptide
Relaxin (1
2
3
4)
Somatostatin (1
2
3
4
5)
Tachykinin (1
2
3)
Thyrotropin
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Urotensin-II
Vasopressin (1A
1B
2)

Miscellaneous

Taste, bitter	TAS2R 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60 Vomeronasal receptor type 1
Orphan	GPR (3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 78 82 83 84 85 87 88 101 103 109A 119 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)
Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B:Secretin-like

Adhesion	ADGRB Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 2 3 ADGRC Cadherin 1 2 3 ADGRE EMR 1 2 3 CD97 ADGRG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ADGRL Latrophilin 1 2 3 ELTD1
Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)
Other	Calcitonin CALCRL Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth-hormone-releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C:Metabotropic glutamate /pheromone

Taste, sweet	TAS1R 1 2 3 Vomeronasal receptor, type 2
Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA_B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F:Frizzled &Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)
Smoothened	Smoothened

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