Fuyu County 富裕县 | |
|---|---|
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  Fuyu Location in Heilongjiang | |
| Coordinates:47°48′N124°28′E / 47.800°N 124.467°E /47.800; 124.467 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Heilongjiang |
| Prefecture-level city | Qiqihar |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,335 km2 (1,674 sq mi) |
| Population (2010) | |
• Total | 276,537 |
| • Density | 63.79/km2 (165.2/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Fuyu (Chinese:富裕;pinyin:Fùyù) is acounty of westernHeilongjiang province,China, under the administration ofQiqihar City.[1] Various economic crops and the milk are produced in the fertile land.[citation needed] The county has an area of 4,026 square kilometres (1,554 sq mi), and has a population of approximately 300,000 inhabitants, per a 2023 government publication.[2]
Fuyu County is named after the nearbyWuyur River [zh], which derives from aJurchen word for waterlogged depression.[1] The county's name been transcribed intoChinese in a number of different ways, such as Wuyur (Chinese:乌裕尔;pinyin:Wūyù'ěr), Huyur (Chinese:呼裕尔;pinyin:Hūyù‘ěr), Huyur (Chinese:瑚裕尔;pinyin:Húyù'ěr), and Wuyur (Chinese:乌雨尔;pinyin:Wūyǔ'ěr).[1]
The area of present-day Fuyu County was once inhabited by theSushen.[1]
The area also once belonged to the kingdom ofBuyeo, and laterDumakru [zh;de].[1]
The area would later be inhabited by theHeishui Mohe.[1]
TheLiao dynasty then conquered the area, and placed it underDongjing Circuit [zh], which was then administered byChangchun Prefecture [zh].[1]
Under theJin dynasty, the area was administered asPuyu Road [zh].[1]
Following the Jin dynasty, the area was ruled by theYuan dynasty.[1]
Under theMing dynasty, which followed the Yuan, the area was administered as part of theNurgan Regional Military Commission.[1]
During theQing dynasty, the area was administered as part ofQiqihar.[1] In 1685, Qing settlers established a settlement in contemporaryFuyu [zh], known as Dalaiketun (Chinese:大来克屯;pinyin:Dàláikètún).[1] Towards the end of the Qing dynasty, the region was put under the administration ofLongjiang Fu [zh] andYikeming'an Banner [zh].[1]
On March 19, 1929, theRepublic of China reorganized the area asFuyu Administrative Bureau, anAdministrative Bureau [zh].[1]
On October 1, 1933, thepuppet state ofManchukuo established Fuyu County.[1] Since then, the county has changed provinces numerous times, and has changedprefecture a number of times, until December 15, 1984, when it was placed under Qiqihar, which has remained since.[1]
Fuyu County is divided into sixtowns, threetownships, and oneethnic township.[3]
The county's six towns areFuyu [zh],Fulu [zh],Fuhai [zh],Erdaowan [zh],Long'anqiao [zh], andTaha [zh].[3]
The county's three townships areFanrong Township [zh],Shaowen Township [zh], andZhonghou Township [zh].[3]
The county's sole ethnic township isYouyi Daur, Manchu, and Kirghiz Ethnic Township [zh].[3]
Fuyu County is located on the left bank of the middle reaches of theNen River, to the north ofQiqihar's urban core, and the adjacentprefecture-level city ofDaqing.[2] Qiqihar's downtown is located 65 kilometres (40 mi) to the southwest.[citation needed] Fuyu County is bordered byYi'an County to the east,Gannan County to the west across Nen River, and thecounty-level city ofNehe to the north.[2]
Fuyu County's elevation is higher in the northeast, and lower in the southwest, and the county has an average elevation of 185 metres (607 ft) above sea level.[2]
Wild animals common in Fuyu County includewolves,foxes,rabbits,red-crowned cranes,storks, and thescaly-sided merganser.[2] Commonsea creatures in Fuyu County includeAsian carp,goldfish, andcatfish.[2]
Fuyu has a cold,monsoon-influenced,humid continental climate (KöppenDwa), with four distinct seasons. It has long, bitterly cold, dry winters and very warm, rainy summers.
| Climate data for Fuyu, elevation 163 m (535 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) | 9.7 (49.5) | 20.7 (69.3) | 28.8 (83.8) | 35.8 (96.4) | 40.7 (105.3) | 38.1 (100.6) | 35.5 (95.9) | 33.3 (91.9) | 26.8 (80.2) | 14.5 (58.1) | 5.3 (41.5) | 40.7 (105.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −13.5 (7.7) | −7.5 (18.5) | 1.9 (35.4) | 12.9 (55.2) | 21.1 (70.0) | 26.3 (79.3) | 28.0 (82.4) | 25.9 (78.6) | 20.4 (68.7) | 11.0 (51.8) | −2.0 (28.4) | −12.0 (10.4) | 9.4 (48.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −19.3 (−2.7) | −14.1 (6.6) | −4.3 (24.3) | 6.6 (43.9) | 14.8 (58.6) | 20.7 (69.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 20.9 (69.6) | 14.3 (57.7) | 5.0 (41.0) | −7.3 (18.9) | −17.1 (1.2) | 3.6 (38.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −23.9 (−11.0) | −19.8 (−3.6) | −10.2 (13.6) | 0.3 (32.5) | 8.2 (46.8) | 15.0 (59.0) | 18.3 (64.9) | 16.2 (61.2) | 8.9 (48.0) | −0.1 (31.8) | −11.7 (10.9) | −21.4 (−6.5) | −1.7 (29.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.5 (−37.3) | −36.4 (−33.5) | −27.7 (−17.9) | −12.8 (9.0) | −3.9 (25.0) | 2.7 (36.9) | 9.2 (48.6) | 7.4 (45.3) | −2.7 (27.1) | −16.4 (2.5) | −27.9 (−18.2) | −35.1 (−31.2) | −38.5 (−37.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 2.6 (0.10) | 3.1 (0.12) | 6.0 (0.24) | 17.3 (0.68) | 35.7 (1.41) | 80.1 (3.15) | 136.0 (5.35) | 102.6 (4.04) | 50.9 (2.00) | 18.3 (0.72) | 6.2 (0.24) | 5.5 (0.22) | 464.3 (18.27) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.1 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 5.7 | 8.8 | 11.4 | 13.7 | 11.6 | 8.9 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 6.2 | 87.1 |
| Average snowy days | 6.8 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | 6.2 | 8.5 | 36.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 69 | 64 | 53 | 47 | 49 | 63 | 75 | 77 | 68 | 59 | 63 | 69 | 63 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 176.8 | 206.8 | 251.6 | 235.7 | 246.9 | 234.1 | 226.1 | 224.8 | 226.8 | 209.4 | 170.9 | 153.4 | 2,563.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 64 | 71 | 68 | 57 | 52 | 49 | 47 | 52 | 61 | 63 | 62 | 59 | 59 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[4][5] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[6] | |||||||||||||
The county is home to 17 differentethnic groups:Han Chinese,Manchu,Daur,Fuyu Kyrgyz,Mongolian,Hui,Tibetan,Miao,Yi,Zhuang,Buyi,Korean,Xibe,Yao,Ewenki,Oroqen, andUygur.[7] The Han Chinese comprise 95.5% of the county's population.[2] Much of the county's ethnic minorities live in villages clustered together, such as Manchus living in the village ofSanjiazi (Chinese:三家子;Romanized Manchu: Ilan Boo), Kyrgyz living in Wujiazi (Chinese:五家子), Daurs living in Dengke (Chinese:登科) and other villages, and Mongols living in Daxiaoquanzi (Chinese:大小泉子).[7]
Fuyu County is home to approximately 7,000 Manchu people, most of whom live in the villages of Damagang (Chinese:大马岗), Xiaomagang (Chinese:小马岗), and Dagaoliang (Chinese:大高粱).[7] The town ofTaha [zh] hosts an annual Manchu sports festival, which includeshorse racing,wrestling,archery, a competition in the traditional Manchu sport of pearl ball (Chinese:珍珠球), and other events.[7]
Fuyu County's government estimates that there are approximately 6,000 Daur people living in the county, and that the county's Daur population migrated to the area during the 1750s.[7]
Villages in Fuyu County with large amounts of Daur people include Dengke (Chinese:登科) Dongji (Chinese:东极), Dahazhou (Chinese:大哈洲), Liangchufang (Chinese:两出房), Shiwuli (Chinese:十五里), Dongtaha (Chinese:东塔哈), Xiaogaoliang (Chinese:小高粱), Xitaha (Chinese:西塔哈), Kumu (Chinese:库木), Jiqibao (Chinese:吉期堡) and Fufeng (Chinese:富丰).[7]
Fuyu County is home to over 2,000 Mongols, who are predominantlyOirats.[7] The county's Mongol population is largely concentrated in the villages of Daquanzi (Chinese:大泉子), Xiaoquanzi (Chinese:小泉子), Chenjiazi (Chinese:陈家子), Bajiazi (Chinese:八家子), and Sanjianfang (Chinese:三间房).[7]
The largelyFuyu Kyrgyz village of Wujiazi is the largest concentration of Kyrgyz people in China, outside ofXinjiang.[7] Of the 653 people who live in the village, 219 (33.54%) are Kyrgyz.[7] Fuyu County as a whole has 1,400 Kyrgyz people.[7] The Fuyu Kyrgyz are separate from the other Kyrgyz ethnic group (see theFuyu Kyrgyz language classification), but they are usually listed as Kyrgyz by the authorities.
Sanjiazi (三家子;Romanized Manchu: Ilan Boo) in Fuyu County is one of the few villages whose elderly inhabitants are considered to being the last native speakers ofManchu.[7][8] The village's school offers courses in Manchu.[7]
TheFuyu Kyrgyz language is spoken in Fuyu County. It is not a variety ofKyrgyz, but is closer to the Siberian modernKhakas and the ancient language of theYenisei Kyrgyz.[citation needed]
Agriculture in Fuyu County is significant. Major crops grown within Fuyu County includesoybeans,maize,wheat,rice,sorghum,millet,sugar beets,potatoes,sunflowers, and variousvegetables.[2] Common livestock in Fuyu County includedairy cows,beef cattle,pigs,sheep, andpoultry.[2]
Mineral resources in Fuyu County includesand,gravel,clay,peat,mineral water,quartz,chalk, andagate.[2]
TheQiqihar–Bei'an railway and theQiqihar–Jiagedaqi railway (Chinese:齐加铁路;pinyin:Qí–Jiā tiělù) both run through Fuyu County.[2] Major roads servicing Fuyu County include theG11 Hegang–Dalian Expressway andHeilongjiang Provincial Road S302.[2]