TheFunduq al-Shamma'in[1][2] orFoundouk Chemmaïne[3] (Arabic:فندق الشماعين,romanized: funduq ash-shama'in,lit. 'hotel of the candle-makers') is a medievalfunduq (urbancaravanserai) inFes,Morocco. It is also directly adjoined by another funduq structure, theFunduq al-Sbitriyyin. Together, the two form a combined architectural complex sometimes referred to as theFunduq Shamma'in-Sbitriyyin (orFoundouk Chemmaine-Sbitriyine).[4][5][6][7] Both are located side by side just west of theal-Qarawiyyin Mosque in the heart of the historicmedina,Fes el-Bali.
The nameFunduq ash-Shamma'in (Arabic:فندق الشماعين) means "inn/hotel of the candle-makers", referring to thesouq (market) of the candle-makers situated along the street of the same name on the north side of the building.[2][3]: 345 The souq name is also shared with the nearest gate and entrance of the al-Qarawiyyin Mosque,Bab al-Shamma'in (Arabic:باب الشماعين), which was crafted in the Almoravid period.[2][1]
The name of the adjacent funduq,Sbitriyyin, means "string-makers", referring to the market for these vendors situated in the alley on the east side of the funduqs.[3]: 128, 376 Once again, one of the entrance doors to the Qarawiyyin Mosque,Bab Sbitriyyin, at the end of this lane, is named after them.[3]
The building is generally dated to the 13th century,[2][8][7] though some sources attribute its foundation to the Almoravid period (11th-12th centuries).[6] The funduq is known to have been restored in 1290 or 1293 CE (689 or 292 AH) under theMarinid sultanAbu Ya'qub (r. 1286-1307), at which time it was endowed to the habous (waqf) of the nearbyQarawiyyin Mosque (in other words, its revenues became contributions to the funds of the mosque).[2][1] Accordingly, the funduq may have existed before this restoration, as the 14th-century writeral-Jazna'i claims.[1] This makes it among the oldest remaining funduqs in the medina, although it has undergone many heavy restorations in its history. The adjacent Funduq Sbitriyyin is less discussed in existing literature but is believed to be very old as well.[9]: 91 One guidebook attributes it to 13th century, like its neighbour.[7]
The Shamma'in Funduq was one of the major buildings of its kind in Fes, thanks in part to its central location near the most important commercial and religious buildings in the city (e.g. the Qarawiyyin Mosque, its nearbymadrasas, and the majorbazaar known as theKissaria al-Kifah).[3]: 191, 345 Like a number of other funduqs, it served as a commercial center where merchants could store their goods and animals on the ground floor while the upper floors served as lodging for merchants and travelers.[3]: 191, 318 In the case of the Funduq Shamma'in, its ground-floor courtyard served as anauction market for olives and dried fruits while its upper floors were occupied by artisan workshops, particularly ofshoemakers.[3]: 308, 387 [2] It was also one of the central locations in the city where one could rentmules.[3]: 246
The adjacent Funduq Sbitriyyin served as an auction market for goat skins and other leather products (different products were sold in the same place but at different times of the day), which also earned it the nameFunduq el-Jeld (Arabic:فندق الجلد,lit. 'inn of the skins/hides').[3]: 306–308 Its upper floors were occupied by artisans.[3]: 318
The Funduq Shamma'in has been seriously damaged by fires at least twice in its history, the last of which was in 1974.[2][1] The only part of the building to survive relatively intact was its entrance vestibule, which preserved important examples of Marinid-period carved decoration incedar wood and an inscription inKuficArabic script.[2] Both the Funduq Shamma'in and the Funduq Sbitriyyin were most recently restored in 2016 and reopened in 2018 as centers for traditional crafts in the medina of Fes.[6][5][10][7] Since the restoration, the Funduq Shamma'in's original woodwork elements are on display in the courtyard.[7]
34°03′51.9″N4°58′26.8″W / 34.064417°N 4.974111°W /34.064417; -4.974111