Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Functional urban area

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromFunctional Urban Area)
Measure of metropolitan and surrounding areas

Illustration showing the difference between thecity, thefunctional urban area (Milan metropolitan area), and themetropolitan region ofMilan.
Illustration of the delimitation process for the functional urban area (red outline) ofGenoa (red fill) and its commuting zone (pink fill).

Thefunctional urban area (FUA), previously known aslarger urban zone (LUZ),[1] is a measure of the population and expanse of metropolitan and surrounding areas which may or may not be exclusively urban.[2] It consists of a city and its commuting zone,[3] which is a contiguous area of spatial units that have at least 15% of their employed residents working in the city.[4]

The FUA represents an attempt at a harmonised definition of themetropolitan area. Eurostat's objective was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city, a concept known as the "functional urban region."[5] To ensure a good data availability, Eurostat adjusts the FUA boundaries to administrative boundaries that approximate the functional urban area.[6]

History

[edit]

The definition was introduced under the nameLarger urban zone (LUZ) in 2004 byEurostat, the statistical agency of theEuropean Union (EU), in agreement with the national statistics offices in the member states.[7][8] Eurostat data is provided only for zones in the EU countries,candidate countries andEFTA countries. Several cities were excluded by definition from the 2004 list of LUZs on technical, definitional grounds, such as the coincidence of the metropolitan area with the urban zone.[9][10][11]

In 2006 LUZ definitions were changed significantly, improving the comparability of LUZ definitions across different countries, and allowing for almost all cities to be included.[citation needed]

In 2011, theEuropean Commission has developed a new definition of LUZ in cooperation with theOECD.[12] The termLarger urban zone (LUZ) was later renamed as theFunctional urban area (FUA).[1]

In 2020, theFood and Agriculture Organization, theUnited Nations Human Settlements Programme, theInternational Labour Organization, and theWorld Bank have also adopted the Functional urban area as their definition for delimitation of metropolitan areas.[13]

List of functional urban areas by population as of 2017

[edit]
This sectionduplicates the scope of other articles, specificallyList of metropolitan areas in Europe. Pleasediscuss this issue and help introduce asummary style to the section by replacing the section with a link and a summary or bysplitting the content into a new article.

This is a list of functional urban areas by population as of 2017. The 2004 Urban Audit also includes cities fromEFTA countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) and EU candidate countries, although the only candidate country for which there is available data is Turkey. Some cities, including Marseille, Lille, Nice, Cordoba, Badajoz, Toulon and Montpellier were excluded from the 2004 list on technical, definitional grounds, such as the coincidence of the metropolitan area with the urban zone.

  Areas outside of theEuropean Union
RankFunctional urban areaCountryPopulationArea (km2)
1Paris France13,998,00012,079.87[14]
2Istanbul Turkey11,154,928
3London United Kingdom10,345,1248,900[14]
4Madrid Spain5,804,8298,022
5Ruhr Area Germany5,302,1794,435
6Berlin Germany4,971,33117,385
7Naples Italy4,475,682564.95
8Barcelona Spain4,233,6381,796.64
9Athens Greece4,013,3683,806.92
10Ankara Turkey3,736,359
11Rome Italy3,457,6903,666.66
12Hamburg Germany3,134,6207,304
12Milan Italy3,076,6431,348.32
13Manchester United Kingdom2,948,6331,280
14Katowice metropolitan area Poland2,710,3972,650.65
15Stuttgart Germany2,663,6603,654
16Warsaw Poland2,631,7105,201.72
17Munich Germany2,531,7065,504
18Frankfurt Germany2,517,5614,305
19İzmir Turkey2,459,474
20Lisbon Portugal2,435,8371,432.49
21Budapest Hungary2,393,8462,538[14]
22Leeds United Kingdom2,393,3005,114[14]
23Birmingham United Kingdom2,357,1001,598
24Vienna Austria2,179,7694,610.93[14]
25Bucharest Romania2,140,194662
26Prague Czech Republic1,964,7506,977[14]
27Cologne Germany1,873,5801,626
28Stockholm Sweden1,860,8726,519
29Copenhagen Denmark1,806,667[14]2,759[14]
30Brussels Belgium1,800,6631,613.91
31Glasgow United Kingdom1,747,1003,346
32Turin Italy1,745,2211,878.97
33Lyon France1,717,3005,997.68[14]
34Belgrade Serbia1,683,962514
35Valencia Spain1,564,1451,440.58
36Dublin Republic of Ireland1,535,446[14]
37Düsseldorf Germany1,525,0291,201
38Bursa Turkey1,474,482
39Amsterdam Netherlands1,443,258859.28
40Adana Turkey1,394,130
41Liverpool United Kingdom1,365,900821
42Bielefeld Germany1,297,8762,921
43Hanover Germany1,294,4472,966
44Nuremberg Germany1,288,7972,934
45Sheffield United Kingdom1,277,1001,846
46Kraków Poland1,264,3222,988.65
47Sofia Bulgaria1,263,807[14]3,424.2[14]
48Seville Spain1,249,3463,081.9
49Bremen Germany1,249,2915,885
50Helsinki Finland1,224,1072,969.94
51Rotterdam Netherlands1,186,818611.75
52Łódź Poland1,163,5162,857.51
53Ostrava Czech Republic1,153,8763,889.6[14]
54Zürich  Switzerland1,110,4781,086.14
55Tricity Poland1,105,2033,457.32
56Porto Portugal1,099,040562.32
57Oslo Norway1,090,5136,920
58Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom1,055,6003,385
59Gaziantep Turkey1,052,795
60Toulouse France1,052,4974,706.93[14]
61Wrocław Poland1,031,4394,582.2
62Poznań Poland1,018,5113,719.2
63Gothenburg Sweden1,015,9743,694.86
64Bristol United Kingdom1,006,6001,635
65Riga Latvia1,003,9495,382.5

List of functional urban areas

[edit]

This is a list of functional urban areas. The Urban Audit also includes cities fromEFTA countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) and EU candidate countries. TheOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) uses a similar definition of Functional Urban Area to represent population sizes of cities in OECD countries.[15] This data is also included.

The figures in the Eurostat database are an attempt at a compromise between harmonised data for all of the European Union, and with availability of statistical data, making comparisons more accurate.[16]

  Areas outside of theEuropean Union
Functional urban areaCountryOECD Population (2014)[15]Eurostat Population (2006)[17]Eurostat Population (2016)[18]
Amsterdam metropolitan area Netherlands2,452,6592,497,000[a]2,771,661
Antwerp Belgium1,081,9041,406,000[b]1,100,139
Athens Greece3,535,0553,761,0003,863,763
Barcelona metropolitan area Spain3,846,6974,082,000[c]5,445,616
Berlin Germany4,399,5424,016,0005,005,216
Bilbao Spain1,013,805947,0001,025,109
Birmingham (West Midlands) United Kingdom1,957,0783,701,1072,332,629
Bordeaux France1,175,699No data1,244,264
Bremen Germany1,027,1921,077,0001,244,363
Bristol United Kingdom836,6211,041,0001,090,080
Brussels-Capital Region Belgium2,588,1022,639,000[b]2,625,525
Bucharest metropolitan area Romania2,402,5302,158,5582,403,107
Budapest metropolitan area Hungary2,879,6012,523,0002,993,948
Cardiff United Kingdom664,8611,097,0001,085,526
Copenhagen Denmark2,025,1711,881,000[d]1,893,010
Dublin Metropolitan Area Ireland1,836,1191,261,3321,263,035
Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Region Germany2,533,3112,764,000[e]2,573,745
Gdańsk Poland1,105,467No data1,141,954[f]
Greater Glasgow United Kingdom967,1011,395,0001,789,003
Metropolitan Gothenburg Sweden1,015,974No data1,006,548[g]
The Hague Netherlands906,8971,404,000[a]1,070,027
Hamburg Metropolitan Region Germany3,008,8412,983,0003,173,871
Hanover Germany1,217,511No data1,300,687
Helsinki Metropolitan Area Finland1,498,0501,285,0001,532,309
Katowice metropolitan area Poland2,589,3493,029,000[h]2,743,929
Kraków metropolitan area Poland1,362,7401,236,0001,276,438
West Yorkshire (Leeds –Bradford) United Kingdom1,774,552[i]2,302,0002,238,127
Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai France/
 Belgium		1,363,465[j]1,379,000[k]2,572,374
Lisbon metropolitan area Portugal3,039,6622,791,0002,839,908
Liverpool/Birkenhead United Kingdom954,1812,241,0001,352,000
Łódź Poland939,5681,165,0001,116,660
London metropolitan area United Kingdom11,701,23613,109,00012,250,000
Lyon France1,960,8471,669,0002,188,759
Madrid metropolitan area Spain7,079,1735,263,0006,378,297
Greater Manchester United Kingdom1,935,5592,556,0002,615,144
Mannheim Germany1,230,276No data1,172,821
Marseille France1,773,5031,530,0001,750,885[l]
Milan metropolitan area Italy4,159,8544,136,000[m]4,267,946
Munich Germany2,965,8712,665,000[n]2,808,581
Naples metropolitan area Italy4,475,6824,654,259[o]4,127,390
Nice France865,1951,082,0001,017,307
Nottingham-Derby United Kingdom863,9181,614,0001,927,550
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region Germany1,169,3671,443,0001,301,504
Greater Oslo Norway1,299,9551,037,0001,144,883
Ostrava Czech Republic no data no data1,119,593[p]
Paris metropolitan area France12,037,88913,975,00012,824,000
Porto Metropolitan Area Portugal1,737,8291,245,000[q]1,286,111
Portsmouth-Southampton United Kingdom594,4551,547,0001,498,402[r]
Prague Czech Republic1,910,3961,669,0002,224,080[s]
Rhein-Nord[t] (Düsseldorf –Neuss) Germany1,427,823[u]3,073,000[v]1,527,176
Rhein-Süd[t] (Cologne – Bonn) Germany1,926,073[w]3,070,000[v]3,023,545[x]
Riga LatviaNo data1,195,0001,089,767
Rome metropolitan area Italy4,149,3644,353,7383,700,000
Rotterdam Netherlands1,509,3731,904,000[a]1,818,563
Ruhr area GermanyNo data[y]5,376,000[v]5,045,784
Saarbrücken –Forbach Germany/
 France		570,479[z]1,102,000822,128
Seville Spain1,500,6441,180,000[aa]1,877,060
Sofia BulgariaNo data1,260,1201,543,377
Metropolitan Stockholm Sweden2,018,2082,171,0002,034,354[citation needed]
South Yorkshire (Sheffield) United Kingdom920,1281,569,0001,596,298
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region Germany1,965,9422,289,0002,678,795
Thessaloniki metropolitan area Greece975,4391,052,0001,166,914
Toulouse France1,309,149No data1,388,978
Turin metropolitan area Italy1,774,5071,601,000[ab]2,302,353
Newcastle-Sunderland United Kingdom1,082,729[ac]1,599,0001,141,879
Valencia Spain1,668,1531,398,000[ad]2,516,818
Vienna Austria2,793,6312,584,0002,339,807
Warsaw metropolitan area Poland3,037,8902,785,0003,304,641
Zagreb CroatiaNo data1,107,1151,123,374
Zürich metropolitan area  Switzerland1,246,9681,615,0001,984,534

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abcPart of theRandstad polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, andUtrecht (982,000). The total population of the region is 7,100,000.
  2. ^abThe Flemish Diamond metropolitan region, which consists of the metropolitan areas of Brussels, Antwerp, Gent, and Leuven, has a total population of 5,103,000.
  3. ^Total population is 4,251,000 if the metropolitan area ofMataro (169,000) is included.
  4. ^Part of the widerÖresund region, which includes the Swedish metropolitan area of Malmö (961,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.
  5. ^Part of the Rhein-Main metropolitan region with a total population of 4,149,000, which additionally includes the metropolitan areas ofDarmstadt (501,000),Wiesbaden (453,000), andMainz (431,000).
  6. ^2014 data
  7. ^2017 data
  8. ^Part of the polycentric Upper Silesian urban region with a total population of 5,294,000. The region additionally includes the metropolitan areas ofOstrava (1,046,000),Bielsko-Biala (584,000) and Rybnik (526,000).
  9. ^Leeds and Bradford counted separately.
  10. ^Kortrijk not included.
  11. ^Part of the wider Lille-Bassin Minier region with a total population of 3,115,000.
  12. ^2014 data
  13. ^Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 6,011,000.
  14. ^When combined with theAugsburg metropolitan area (606,000), the region has a total population of 3,271,000.
  15. ^Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 3,714,000.
  16. ^2015
  17. ^Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 1,778,000.
  18. ^Excludes Southampton
  19. ^2015
  20. ^abPolycentric metropolitan area
  21. ^Excludes Neuss.
  22. ^abcPart of the polycentric urban region ofRhein-Ruhr, which has a total population of 12,190,000.
  23. ^Excludes Bonn which has a population of 750,370
  24. ^Excludes Bonn
  25. ^Essen, Bochum, and Dortmund counted separately.
  26. ^Saarbrücken only
  27. ^Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area ofUtrera (82,000) is included.
  28. ^Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan ofPinerolo is included.
  29. ^Excludes Sunderland
  30. ^Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area ofSagunto is included.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Territorial typologies manual - cities, commuting zones and functional urban areas".Eurostat.Within the Urban Audit, (...) functional urban areas were previously referred to as 'larger urban zones'.
  2. ^Position Statement on Cohesion Policy 2014–2020Archived 2 July 2015 at theWayback Machine, EuroMETREX. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  3. ^"European cities – the EU-OECD functional urban area definition".Eurostat.
  4. ^European Union/FAO/UN-Habitat/OECD/The World Bank (2021).Applying the Degree of Urbanisation — A methodological manual to define cities, towns and rural areas for international comparisons — 2021 edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. p. 52.doi:10.2785/706535.ISBN 978-92-76-20306-3.
  5. ^"What is the Urban Audit?".Urban Audit. Archived fromthe original on 12 February 2009.
  6. ^"Territorial typologies manual - cities, commuting zones and functional urban areas".Eurostat.The main building blocks are data for 1 km² population grid cells. […] The typology for functional urban areas is established at the level of local administrative units (LAUs). Once all grid cells have been classified and urban centres identified, the next step concerns overlaying these results onto LAUs […]
  7. ^"City statistics – Urban audit". Eurostat. 2006. Archived fromthe original on 6 February 2009.
  8. ^"The shift of Eurostat to Urban Statistics". Dr. Berthold Feldmann, Eurostat. March 2006. Archived fromthe original on 20 September 2006.
  9. ^"Résumé statistique (Marseille-Aix-en-Provence)"(PDF).www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr (in French). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 27 July 2011.
  10. ^https://web.archive.org/web/20110727094843/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999004.pdf. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved19 February 2016.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title= (help)
  11. ^https://web.archive.org/web/20110727094905/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999006.pdf. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved19 February 2016.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title= (help)
  12. ^Lewis Dijkstra, Hugo Poelman (1 March 2012).Cities in Europe - The new OECD-EC definition(PDF) (Report). p. 2. Retrieved8 June 2024.Until recently, there was no harmonised definition of 'a city' for European and other countries member of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This undermined the comparability, and thus also the credibility, of cross-country analysis of cities. To resolve this problem, the OECD and the European Commission developed a new definition of a city and its commuting zone in 2011. […] Each city is part of its own commuting zone or a polycentric commuting zone covering multiple cities. These commuting zones are significant, especially for larger cities. The cities and commuting zones together (called Larger Urban Zones) account for 60 % of the EU population.
  13. ^European Union/FAO/UN-Habitat/OECD/The World Bank (2021).Applying the Degree of Urbanisation — A methodological manual to define cities, towns and rural areas for international comparisons — 2021 edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. p. 3.doi:10.2785/706535.ISBN 978-92-76-20306-3.
  14. ^abcdefghijklmnData for 2001 (2004 data not yet available)
  15. ^ab"OECD Populations in cities". OECD. Retrieved2 April 2017.
  16. ^"Urban Audit Database". Urbanaudit.org. Archived fromthe original on 23 May 2011. Retrieved29 April 2011.
  17. ^European Spatial Planning Observation Network,Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3)Archived 24 September 2015 at theWayback Machine, Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007)
  18. ^http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en[bare URL]

External links

[edit]
European Union articles
History
Timeline
Predecessors
Defence policy
European Communities (1967–2009)
Central bank
Financial stability
Enlargements
Withdrawals
Geography
Bodies
Institutions
Legislature
Executive
Judiciary
Central bank
Supreme audit institution
Other
international-law
EU bodies
Independent
offices
Agencies
Advisory
bodies
Military
bodies
Law
Economy
Politics
Concepts
Policies
Foreign
relations
Culture
Lists
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Functional_urban_area&oldid=1263524051"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp