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Fujiwara no Uchimaro

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Fujiwara no Uchimaro
藤原内麻呂
Born756
DiedNovember 13, 812
FamilyFujiwara Hokke
FatherFujiwara no Matate
In thisJapanese name, thesurname is Fujiwara.

Fujiwara no Uchimaro (藤原内麻呂; 756 – November 13, 812) was a Japanese noble of theNara period and earlyHeian period. He was the third son of thedainagonFujiwara no Matate and thus a member of theHokke. He reached thecourt rank ofju ni-i (従二位) and the position ofudaijin, and posthumously ofju ichi-i (従一位) anddaijō-daijin. He was also known asGo-Nagaoka-Daijin (後長岡大臣).

He served the emperorsKanmu,Heizei, andSaga, and was trusted and valued by each. He succeeded his uncle Nagate and his line as the head of the family. Unlike his father, whose secondary status in the family had prevented him from makingdaijin, Uchimaro rose toudaijin, and led the cabinet in Heizei's reign and the beginning of Saga's. He had many children, helping to lay the foundation for the later success of the Hokke.

Life

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On the ascension ofEmperor Kanmu in 781, Uchimaro was promoted fromshō roku-i no jō (正六位上) toju go-i no ge (従五位下). He was consecutively promoted in 785, 786, and 787, culminating in the rank ofju shi-i no ge (従四位下). This came shortly after Uchimaro's first wife, Kudara no Nagatsugu, who had since become a court lady, bore the emperor a prince (Yoshimine no Yasuyo [ja] (良岑安世)). It has been theorized that this birth precipitated Uchimaro's rapid promotion, and even that he used Nagatsugu as collateral to deepen his relationship with the Emperor.[1] During this period, he held various positions in the imperial guard and as a provincial governor.

Later, Uchimaro held head directoral positions in a division of the imperial guard, theMinistry of Justice, and thekuraryō (内蔵寮), a body governing the finances of the imperial household. In 794, immediately after the move of the capital toHeian-kyō, Uchimaro joined thekugyō with a promotion tosangi. At the age of 39, this made him the second youngest member of the cabinet after the 34-year-old Fujiwara no Takatoshi (藤原乙叡) of theNanke. However, in the next few years, four high-ranking cabinet officials, includingudaijinFujiwara no Tsuginawa anddainagonKi no Kosami, died or retired, and in 798, Uchimaro was promoted toju san-mi (従三位) andchūnagon. He also obtained various other positions during this period, including general of the imperial guard. In 799 he was put in charge of the continued relocation to the capital. During the dispute betweenFujiwara no Otsugu andSugano no Mamichi (tokusei-ronsō (徳政論争)), in which Otsugu persuaded the Emperor to suspend his campaign inEzo and the construction of Heian-kyō, Uchimaro waited on Kanmu by his side.

WhenEmperor Heizei ascended to the throne in 806, Uchimaro was promoted todainagon. WhenPrince Miwa (神王) died a month later, Uchimaro took over as head of the cabinet with a promotion toshō san-mi (正三位) andudaijin. In 809, he was promoted toju ni-i (従二位). He emerged unscathed from the attempted coup of Prince Iyo and theKusuko Incident.

Uchimaro died on November 13, 812, at the age of 57. He was posthumously promoted toju ichi-i (従一位) andsadaijin, and days later again todaijō-daijin.

Personality

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According to theNihon Kōki, Uchimaro was mild-mannered and very popular, and people were happy to follow him. The emperors he served trusted him deeply, and while he did not flatter them, he did not remonstrate them when they disagreed. He served in important government positions for more than ten years without committing any blunders. He was noted to have an exceptionally ready wit.

Uchimaro commissioned statues of theFour Heavenly Kings and a version ofKannon and let his sonFuyutsugu offer them toKōfuku-ji.

An anecdote in the Nihon Kōki states that whenPrince Osabe was crown prince, he bore ill will toward Uchimaro and tried to injure him. There was a horse with a habit of kicking and biting, and the prince had Uchimaro mount this horse, but the horse kept its head down and did not try to move, and even when they whipped it, it simply turned around once.

Genealogy

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  • Father:Fujiwara no Matate
  • Mother: daughter of Abe no Obimaro (阿倍帯麻呂)
  • Wife: Kudara no Nagatsugu (百済永継), daughter of Asukabe no Natomaro (飛鳥部奈止麻呂), later a court lady ofEmperor Kanmu
  • Wife: Sakanoue no Nariko (坂上登子), second daughter ofSakanoue no Karitamaro
    • Son: Fujiwara no Sakuramaro (藤原桜麻呂)
    • Son: Fujiwara no Futakimaro (原福当麻呂)
    • Son: Fujiwara no Nagaoka (藤原長岡; 786–849)
    • Son: name unclear (藤原平○○)[2]
    • Daughter: Fujiwara no Esuko (藤原恵須子)
  • Wife: daughter ofItō Daishin (依当大神)
    • Son: Fujiwara no Chikanari (藤原愛発; 787–843)
  • Wife: daughter ofFujiwara no Nagate
  • Wife: (unknown)
    • Son: Fujiwara no Akitsugu (藤原秋継)
    • Son:Fujiwara no Ritsu (藤原率)
    • Son: Fujiwara no Ōtsu (藤原大津; 792–854)
    • Son: Fujiwara no Tasuke (藤原助; 799–853)
    • Son: Fujiwara no Osamu (藤原収)
    • Daughter: Fujiwara no Onatsu (藤原緒夏; ?–855), wife ofEmperor Saga
    • Daughter: Wife of Ki no Aritsune (紀有常室)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Inoue, Tatsuo (March 2007). "帷幄の良吏-藤原冬嗣" [The Good Official of the General Staff - Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu].Josai International University Bulletin (城西国際大学紀要) (in Japanese).15 (2).
  2. ^Sakanoue Family Genealogy in theGunsho Ruijū

References

[edit]
  • Kurihara, Hiromu.藤原内麿家族について [The Family of Fujiwara no Uchimaro].Japanese History (日本歴史) (in Japanese) (511).
Fujiwara family tree
Kamatari[1]
614–669
Fuhito[2]
659–720
NANKE branchHOKKE branchSHIKIKE branchKYŌKE branch
Muchimaro[2]
680–737		Fusasaki[2]
681–737		Umakai[2]
694–737		Maro[2]
695–737
Toyonari[3]
704–766		Nakamaro[3]
706–764		Otomaro[4]Nagate[5]
714–771		Matate[4]
715–766		Uona[6]
721–783		Kaedemaro[7]
723–776		Yoshitsugu[8]
716–777		Tamaro[9]
722–783		Momokawa[10]
732–779		Hamanari[11]
724–790
Tsuginawa[12]
727–796		Korekimi[13]
727–789		Uchimaro[14]
756–812		Sonohito[12]
756–819		Otsugu[12]
774–843
Fuyutsugu[15]
775–826
Nagara[1]
802–826		Yoshifusa[1]
804–872		Yoshiyo[16]
823–900
Mototsune[17]
836–891
Tokihira[18][12]
871–909		Tadahira[12]
880–949
Saneyori[12]
900–970		Morosuke[12]
909–960
Yoritada[19]
924–989		Koretada[12]
924–972		Yoritada[12][20]
925–977		Kaneie[12][19]
929–990
Michitaka[21][22]
953–995		Michikane[22]
961–995		Michinaga[23]
966–1028
Yorimichi[24][25]
992–1074		Norimichi[26]
996–1075
Morozane[27]
1042–1101
Moromichi[28]
1062–1099
Tadazane[29]
1075–1162
Tadamichi[30]
1097–1164		Yorinaga[31]
1120–1156
Konoe
Family		Matsudono
Family		Kujō
Family
Konoe Motozane[32]
1143–1166		Matsudono Motofusa[33]
1144?–1231		Kujō Kanezane[30]
1149–1207
Konoe Motomichi[16][34]
1160–1233		Matsudono Moroie[33]
1172–1238		Kujō Yoshitsune[35]
1169–1206
Konoe Iezane[34]
1179–1242		Kujō Michiie[35]
1193–1252
Takatsukasa
Family		Nijō
Family		Ichijō
Family
Konoe Kanetsune[36]
1210–1259		Takatsukasa Kanehira[37]
1228–1294		Kujō Norizane[38]
1211–1235		Nijō Yoshizane[39]
1216–1271		Ichijō Sanetsune[40]
1223–1284
Notes
  1. ^abcBrinkley, Frank andDairoku Kikuchi. (1915).A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica.OCLC 413099
  2. ^abcdeKanai, Madoka; Nitta, Hideharu; Yamagiwa, Joseph Koshimi (1966).A topical history of Japan. Sub-Committee on Far Eastern Language Instruction of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation. p. 6.
  3. ^abBrown, Delmer M. (1988).The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 9780521223522.
  4. ^ab平城宮兵部省跡. 奈良文化財研究所. 2005. p. 168.
  5. ^Yoshikawa, Toshiko (2006).仲麻呂政権と藤原永手・八束（真楯）・千尋（御楯）. Hanawa Shobō (塙書房).ISBN 978-4-8273-1201-0.
  6. ^Tyler, Royall (1993).The Book of the Great Practice: The Life of the Mt. Fuji Ascetic Kakugyō Tōbutsu Kū(PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. p. 324.
  7. ^Yoneda, Yūsuke (2002).藤原摂関家の誕生. 吉川弘文館. p. 139.
  8. ^Nakagawa, Osamu (1991). "藤原良継の変" [The Rise of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu].奈良朝政治史の研究 [Political History of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Takashina Shoten (高科書店).
  9. ^Kimoto, Yoshinobu (1998).藤原式家官人の考察. 高科書店. p. 47.ISBN 978-4-87294-923-0.
  10. ^Takemitsu, Makoto (2013).日本史の影の主役藤原氏の正体: 鎌足から続く1400年の歴史. PHP研究所. p. 103.ISBN 978-4569761046.
  11. ^http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~sg2h-ymst/hamanari.html
  12. ^abcdefghijNussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). InJapan Encyclopedia atGoogle Books; Brinkley, Franket al. (1915).
  13. ^Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2004). "『牛屋大臣』藤原是公について" [On "Ushiya-Daijin" Fujiwara no Korekimi].奈良時代の藤原氏と諸氏族 [The Fujiwara Clan and Other Clans of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Ohfu.
  14. ^Kurihara, Hiromu.藤原内麿家族について [The Family of Fujiwara no Uchimaro].Japanese History (日本歴史) (in Japanese) (511).
  15. ^Kurihara, Hiromu (2008). "藤原冬嗣家族について" [Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu's Family].平安前期の家族と親族 [Family and Relatives During the Early Heian Period] (in Japanese).Azekura Shobo (校倉書房).ISBN 978-4-7517-3940-2.
  16. ^ab公卿補任 [Kugyō Bunin] (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1982.
  17. ^Kitayama, Shigeo (1973).日本の歴史4 平安京 [History of Japan IV: Heian-kyō] (in Japanese).Chūkō Bunko (中公文庫). p. 242.
  18. ^日本古代氏族人名辞典（普及版） [Dictionary of Names from Ancient Japanese Clans (Trade Version)] (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 2010.ISBN 978-4-642-01458-8.
  19. ^abNobuyoshi, Yamamoto (2003).摂関政治史論考 (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館).ISBN 978-4-642-02394-8.
  20. ^Haruo, Sasayama (2003). "藤原兼通の政権獲得過程".日本律令制の展開 (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館).ISBN 978-4-642-02393-1.
  21. ^Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  22. ^abPapinot, Edmond (1910). Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.
  23. ^Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979).Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press.ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0;OCLC 251325323
  24. ^Varley, Paul (2000). Japanese Culture. Fourth Edition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press.
  25. ^Uejima, Susumu (2010). "日本中世社会の形成と王権".中世庄園制の形成過程―〈立庄〉再考 (in Japanese). The University of Nagoya Press.ISBN 978-4-8158-0635-4.
  26. ^Owada, Tetsuo (2003).日本史諸家系図人名辞典 (in Japanese).Kodansha.ISBN 978-4062115780.
  27. ^"卷之一百四十二 列傳第六十九".大日本史 (in Japanese). 1715.
  28. ^Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2000). "後二条師通記と藤原師通".平安朝官人と記録の研究―日記逸文にあらわれたる平安公卿の世界 (in Japanese).ISBN 978-4273031565.
  29. ^Araki, Hiroshi (2009). "中世の皇統迭立と文学形成 1院政期から中世への視界 坂上の宝剣と壺切―談話録に見る皇統・儀礼の古代と中世―".皇統迭立と文学形成 (in Japanese).ISBN 978-4-7576-0513-8.
  30. ^abSansom, George (1958).A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press.OCLC 36820223.
  31. ^"The World Turned Upside Down" translated by Kathe Roth, p. 27
  32. ^Yamada, Akiko (2010).中世前期女性院宮の研究 (in Japanese).ISBN 978-4784214969.
  33. ^abNatanabe, Naohiko (1994).古代史論叢 (in Japanese).ISBN 978-4797106558.
  34. ^ab"藤原北家．近衛".尊卑分脈 (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 57.
  35. ^ab"藤原北家．九条".尊卑分脈 (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 77.
  36. ^"藤原北家．近衛".尊卑分脈 (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 65.
  37. ^Jinson[in Japanese].大乗院日記目録.
  38. ^"藤原北家．九条".尊卑分脈 (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 80.
  39. ^ネケト.二条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Archived fromthe original on 2004-08-15. Retrieved2007-09-09.
  40. ^ネケト.一条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Retrieved2007-08-18.
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