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Fujiwara no Fuhito

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7/8th-century Japanese royal and imperial court official
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In thisJapanese name, thesurname is Fujiwara.
Fujiwara no Fuhito
藤原 不比等
Born659
Died(720-09-13)September 13, 720
Children4 sons, 4 daughters

Fujiwara no Fuhito (藤原 不比等: 659 – 13 September 720) was a powerful member of theImperial court ofJapan during theAsuka andNara periods. Second son ofFujiwara no Kamatari (or, according to one theory, ofEmperor Tenji), he had sons by two women, and those sons were the founders of the four principal lineages of theFujiwara clan: the South, North, Ceremonial, and Capital lineages. Also, he had four daughters by two other women, three by Kamohime, one by Tachibana no Michiyo. One daughter by Kamohime becameEmperor Monmu's wife Miyako, who in turn gave birth toEmperor Shōmu. The daughter by Michiyo became the empress of his grandson Shōmu,Empress Kōmyō.

During the reign of Emperor Monmu, the government ordered that only the descendants of Fuhito could bear the Fujiwara surname and could be appointed in theOffice of Dajōkan, the center of administratives.

Biography

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Fuhito was 13 years old when theJinshin incident occurred. His father Kamatari had been a strong supporter of Emperor Tenji, but Kamatari had already died and Fuhito was too young to be appointed a governmental officer, so he was not involved in this political conflict. In 688 he appeared first as a courtier.

In 697 Prince Karu, the son ofPrince Kusakabe and therefore grandson ofEmperor Tenmu andEmpress Jitō, was appointed crown prince. Fuhito supported this appointment strongly and gained the favor of Empress Jitō. After that, his position in the court rose steadily. In 701 Prince Obito, later the emperor Shōmu was born by Miyako. Fuhito succeeded in persuading the court to appoint Obito the crown prince, and made his other daughter a wife of Obito. Until then only a royal lady could be promoted to the empress, but he succeeded in gaining his daughter the position of empress of Obito by the emperor Shōmu. It was the first empress who did not derive from the imperial household.

Kōfuku-ji (Chū-kondō)

He moved Yamashina-dera, the Buddhist temple which was the main temple his clan supported, toNara and renamed itKōfuku-ji. After his death,Kasuga shrine, the mainShinto shrine of the Fujiwara clan, was settled near Kofuku-ji in 768.

He played a role in the establishment of the state law,ritsuryō, in Japan. He participated in the edition calledTaihō Ritsuryō. He also joined in making its revision, theYōrō ritsuryō. Before its completion, he died in the summer of 720. When he died, he was appointedUdaijin, one of the ministers.

After his death the court honored him with two titles Bunchū Kō (文忠公) andTankai Kō (淡海公) and with the office of Daijō-daijin, the highest office of the court.

He had four sons:Fujiwara no Muchimaro,Fujiwara no Fusasaki (681–737),Fujiwara no Umakai andFujiwara no Maro. His son Fusasaki would become the ancestor of the regent line of the Fujiwara clan.

Additionally, four poems of his can be found in theKaifūso.[1]

Wives and children

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Honours

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References

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  1. ^"Fujiwara no Fubito • A History of Japan - 日本歴史".A History of Japan - 日本歴史. Retrieved2021-09-25.
Fujiwara family tree
Kamatari[1]
614–669
Fuhito[2]
659–720
NANKE branchHOKKE branchSHIKIKE branchKYŌKE branch
Muchimaro[2]
680–737		Fusasaki[2]
681–737		Umakai[2]
694–737		Maro[2]
695–737
Toyonari[3]
704–766		Nakamaro[3]
706–764		Otomaro[4]Nagate[5]
714–771		Matate[4]
715–766		Uona[6]
721–783		Kaedemaro[7]
723–776		Yoshitsugu[8]
716–777		Tamaro[9]
722–783		Momokawa[10]
732–779		Hamanari[11]
724–790
Tsuginawa[12]
727–796		Korekimi[13]
727–789		Uchimaro[14]
756–812		Sonohito[12]
756–819		Otsugu[12]
774–843
Fuyutsugu[15]
775–826
Nagara[1]
802–826		Yoshifusa[1]
804–872		Yoshiyo[16]
823–900
Mototsune[17]
836–891
Tokihira[18][12]
871–909		Tadahira[12]
880–949
Saneyori[12]
900–970		Morosuke[12]
909–960
Yoritada[19]
924–989		Koretada[12]
924–972		Yoritada[12][20]
925–977		Kaneie[12][19]
929–990
Michitaka[21][22]
953–995		Michikane[22]
961–995		Michinaga[23]
966–1028
Yorimichi[24][25]
992–1074		Norimichi[26]
996–1075
Morozane[27]
1042–1101
Moromichi[28]
1062–1099
Tadazane[29]
1075–1162
Tadamichi[30]
1097–1164		Yorinaga[31]
1120–1156
Konoe
Family		Matsudono
Family		Kujō
Family
Konoe Motozane[32]
1143–1166		Matsudono Motofusa[33]
1144?–1231		Kujō Kanezane[30]
1149–1207
Konoe Motomichi[16][34]
1160–1233		Matsudono Moroie[33]
1172–1238		Kujō Yoshitsune[35]
1169–1206
Konoe Iezane[34]
1179–1242		Kujō Michiie[35]
1193–1252
Takatsukasa
Family		Nijō
Family		Ichijō
Family
Konoe Kanetsune[36]
1210–1259		Takatsukasa Kanehira[37]
1228–1294		Kujō Norizane[38]
1211–1235		Nijō Yoshizane[39]
1216–1271		Ichijō Sanetsune[40]
1223–1284
Notes
  1. ^abcBrinkley, Frank andDairoku Kikuchi. (1915).A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica.OCLC 413099
  2. ^abcdeKanai, Madoka; Nitta, Hideharu; Yamagiwa, Joseph Koshimi (1966).A topical history of Japan. Sub-Committee on Far Eastern Language Instruction of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation. p. 6.
  3. ^abBrown, Delmer M. (1988).The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 9780521223522.
  4. ^ab平城宮兵部省跡. 奈良文化財研究所. 2005. p. 168.
  5. ^Yoshikawa, Toshiko (2006).仲麻呂政権と藤原永手・八束（真楯）・千尋（御楯）. Hanawa Shobō (塙書房).ISBN 978-4-8273-1201-0.
  6. ^Tyler, Royall (1993).The Book of the Great Practice: The Life of the Mt. Fuji Ascetic Kakugyō Tōbutsu Kū(PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. p. 324.
  7. ^Yoneda, Yūsuke (2002).藤原摂関家の誕生. 吉川弘文館. p. 139.
  8. ^Nakagawa, Osamu (1991). "藤原良継の変" [The Rise of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu].奈良朝政治史の研究 [Political History of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Takashina Shoten (高科書店).
  9. ^Kimoto, Yoshinobu (1998).藤原式家官人の考察. 高科書店. p. 47.ISBN 978-4-87294-923-0.
  10. ^Takemitsu, Makoto (2013).日本史の影の主役藤原氏の正体: 鎌足から続く1400年の歴史. PHP研究所. p. 103.ISBN 978-4569761046.
  11. ^http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~sg2h-ymst/hamanari.html
  12. ^abcdefghijNussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). InJapan Encyclopedia atGoogle Books; Brinkley, Franket al. (1915).
  13. ^Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2004). "『牛屋大臣』藤原是公について" [On "Ushiya-Daijin" Fujiwara no Korekimi].奈良時代の藤原氏と諸氏族 [The Fujiwara Clan and Other Clans of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Ohfu.
  14. ^Kurihara, Hiromu.藤原内麿家族について [The Family of Fujiwara no Uchimaro].Japanese History (日本歴史) (in Japanese) (511).
  15. ^Kurihara, Hiromu (2008). "藤原冬嗣家族について" [Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu's Family].平安前期の家族と親族 [Family and Relatives During the Early Heian Period] (in Japanese).Azekura Shobo (校倉書房).ISBN 978-4-7517-3940-2.
  16. ^ab公卿補任 [Kugyō Bunin] (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1982.
  17. ^Kitayama, Shigeo (1973).日本の歴史4 平安京 [History of Japan IV: Heian-kyō] (in Japanese).Chūkō Bunko (中公文庫). p. 242.
  18. ^日本古代氏族人名辞典（普及版） [Dictionary of Names from Ancient Japanese Clans (Trade Version)] (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 2010.ISBN 978-4-642-01458-8.
  19. ^abNobuyoshi, Yamamoto (2003).摂関政治史論考 (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館).ISBN 978-4-642-02394-8.
  20. ^Haruo, Sasayama (2003). "藤原兼通の政権獲得過程".日本律令制の展開 (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館).ISBN 978-4-642-02393-1.
  21. ^Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  22. ^abPapinot, Edmond (1910). Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.
  23. ^Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979).Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press.ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0;OCLC 251325323
  24. ^Varley, Paul (2000). Japanese Culture. Fourth Edition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press.
  25. ^Uejima, Susumu (2010). "日本中世社会の形成と王権".中世庄園制の形成過程―〈立庄〉再考 (in Japanese). The University of Nagoya Press.ISBN 978-4-8158-0635-4.
  26. ^Owada, Tetsuo (2003).日本史諸家系図人名辞典 (in Japanese).Kodansha.ISBN 978-4062115780.
  27. ^"卷之一百四十二 列傳第六十九".大日本史 (in Japanese). 1715.
  28. ^Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2000). "後二条師通記と藤原師通".平安朝官人と記録の研究―日記逸文にあらわれたる平安公卿の世界 (in Japanese).ISBN 978-4273031565.
  29. ^Araki, Hiroshi (2009). "中世の皇統迭立と文学形成 1院政期から中世への視界 坂上の宝剣と壺切―談話録に見る皇統・儀礼の古代と中世―".皇統迭立と文学形成 (in Japanese).ISBN 978-4-7576-0513-8.
  30. ^abSansom, George (1958).A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press.OCLC 36820223.
  31. ^"The World Turned Upside Down" translated by Kathe Roth, p. 27
  32. ^Yamada, Akiko (2010).中世前期女性院宮の研究 (in Japanese).ISBN 978-4784214969.
  33. ^abNatanabe, Naohiko (1994).古代史論叢 (in Japanese).ISBN 978-4797106558.
  34. ^ab"藤原北家．近衛".尊卑分脈 (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 57.
  35. ^ab"藤原北家．九条".尊卑分脈 (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 77.
  36. ^"藤原北家．近衛".尊卑分脈 (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 65.
  37. ^Jinson[in Japanese].大乗院日記目録.
  38. ^"藤原北家．九条".尊卑分脈 (in Japanese).Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 80.
  39. ^ネケト.二条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Archived fromthe original on 2004-08-15. Retrieved2007-09-09.
  40. ^ネケト.一条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Retrieved2007-08-18.
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