At the end of the 19th century, mining production boomed in the Fuente del Arco area due to the activities carried out at the La Jayona mine, which led to significant economic and population growth.
In parallel with the economic and mining development, the railway also reached the municipality at the end of the 19th century. In 1885, theMérida-Los Rosales line,[2] built by theMZA company, entered service. The railroad had a station in Fuente del Arco, serving both passengers and freight. Ten years later (1895), another railway line was opened in the area: the Peñarroya-Fuente del Arco narrow-gauge railway, built by theSociedad Minera y Metalúrgica de Peñarroya. This second route also had its own station, located next to the MZA facilities and railway line.
During the second half of the 20th century, mining and railway activity declined, resulting in a significant drop in the population of Fuente del Arco.