It is unclear whether the word has always been considered apejorative or, if not, when it first came to be used to describe (often in an extremely angry, hostile, or belligerent manner) unpleasant circumstances or people in an intentionally offensive way, such as in the termmotherfucker, one of its more common usages in some parts of theEnglish-speaking world. Some English-speaking countries censor it on television and radio. Andrea Millwood Hargrave's 2000 study of the attitudes of the British public found thatfuck was considered the third-most-severe profanity, and its derivativemotherfucker second.Cunt was considered the most severe.[3]
Nevertheless, the word has increasingly become less of a pejorative and more publicly acceptable, an example of the "dysphemism treadmill" orsemantic drift known asmelioration, wherein formerpejoratives become inoffensive and commonplace.[4][5] Because of its increasing usage in the public forum, in 2005 the word was included for the first time as one of three vulgarities inThe Canadian Press'sCanadian Press Caps and Spelling guide. Journalists were advised to refrain from censoring the word but use it sparingly and only when its inclusion was essential to the story.[6] According to linguist Pamela Hobbs, "notwithstanding its increasing public use, enduring cultural models that inform our beliefs about the nature of sexuality and sexual acts preserve its status as a vile utterance that continues to inspire moral outrage." Hobbs considers users rather than usage of the word and subdivides users into "non-users", for whom "the word belongs to a set of taboo words, the very utterance of which constitutes an affront, and any use of the word, regardless of its form (verb, adjective, adverb, etc.) or meaning (literal or metaphorical) evokes the core sexual meanings and associated sexual imagery that motivate the taboo"; and "users", for whom "metaphorical uses of the wordfuck no more evoke images of sexual intercourse than does a ten-year-old's 'My mom'll kill me if she finds out' evokes images of murder" so that the "criteria of taboo are missing."[7]
Etymology
Germanic cognates
TheOxford English Dictionary states that the ultimate etymology is uncertain, but that the word is "probably cognate" with a number ofGermanic words with meanings involving striking, rubbing and having sex or is derivative of theOld French word that meant 'to have sex'.[8]
The word has probablecognates in other Germanic languages, such as Germanficken ('to fuck');Dutchfokken ('to breed', 'to beget'); Afrikaansfok ('to fuck');[9] Icelandicfokka ('to mess around', 'to rush');[10] dialectalNorwegianfukka ('to copulate'); and dialectalSwedishfocka ('to strike', 'to copulate') andfock ('penis').[8] This points to a possible etymology whereCommon Germanic*fuk(k)ōn-from the verbal root*fug- ('to blow')[10] comes from anIndo-European root*peuk-, or*peuĝ- ('to strike'),[11] cognate with non-Germanic words such as Latinpugno ('I fight') orpugnus ('fist').[8] By application ofGrimm's law, this hypothetical root also has the Pre-Germanic form *pug-néh2- ('to blow'),[10] which is the etymon of, amongst others, Dutchfok(zeil) ('foresail').[12] There is a theory thatfuck is most likely derived from German or Dutch roots, and is probably not derived from an Old English root.[13]
False etymologies
One reason that the wordfuck is difficult to trace etymologically is that it was used far more extensively in common speech, rather than in easily traceable documents or writings. There exist multipleurban legends that advancefalse etymologies, including the word allegedly being anacronym. One of these urban legends is that the wordfuck originated in Irish law. If a couple was caught committingadultery, the two would be punished "For UnlawfulCarnal Knowledge In the Nude", with "FUCKIN" written on thestocks above to denote the crime. A variant of this legend alleges church clerks to have recorded the crime of "Forbidden Use of Carnal Knowledge". Another legend places the origin on a royal permission allegedly granted during theMiddle Ages. Due to theBlack Death and the consequent scarcity of resources, villages and towns supposedly attempted to control population growth by requiring permission to engage in intercourse. Royal permission (usually from a local magistrate or lord) is said to have required placing a sign visible from the road reading: "Fornicating/Fornication Under Consent of King", later shortened toFUCK. This story is not supported by written evidence, and has been proven false, but has persisted in oral and literary traditions for many years.[14]
Another legendary etymology, first made popular by theAmerican radio showCar Talk, says that the phrasefuck you derives frompluck yew in connection with a misconception regarding theorigins of the V sign. This misconception states that English archers believed that those who were captured by the French had their index and middle fingers cut off so that they could no longer operate theirlongbows, and that the V sign was used by uncaptured and victorious archers in a display of defiance against the French. The addition of the phrasefuck you to the misconception came when it was claimed that the English yelled that they could stillpluck yew, (yew wood being the preferred material for longbows at the time), a phrase that evolved into the modernfuck you.[13] In any event, the wordfuck has been in use far too long for some of these supposed origins to be possible. Since no such acronym was ever recorded before the 1960s according to thelexicographical workThe F-Word, such claims create at best a so-called "backronym".[15]
Although the word itself is used in its literal sense to refer to sexual intercourse, its most common usage is figurative—to indicate the speaker's strong sentiment and to offend or shock the listener.[17] Linguist Geoffrey Hughes found eight distinct usages for English curse words, andfuck can apply to each. For example, it fits in the "curse" sense (fuck you!), as well as the "personal" sense (You fucker).[18] In theOxford English Dictionary, more than a hundred different senses, usages andcollocations (likefuck around, fuck with s.o., fuck you, fuck me, fuck it) are identified forfuck, its derived forms (likefucker, fuckee, fuckability), andcompounds withfuck (e.g.fuckfest, fuckhole, fuckface).[9]
Early usage
In 2015,Paul Booth argued he had found "(possibly) the earliest known use of the word 'fuck' that clearly has a sexual connotation": in English court records of 1310–11, a man local toChester is referred to as "Roger Fuckebythenavele", probably a nickname. "Either this refers to an inexperienced copulator, referring to someone trying to have sex with the navel, or it's a rather extravagant explanation for a dimwit, someone so stupid they think that this is the way to have sex", says Booth.[19][20][21][22] An earlier name, that ofJohn le Fucker recorded in 1278, has been the subject of debate, but is thought by manyphilologists to have had some separate and non-sexual origin.[23]
Otherwise, the usually accepted first known occurrence of the word is found incode in a poem in a mixture ofLatin and English composed in the 15th century. The poem, which satirizes theCarmelite friars ofCambridge, England, takes its title, "Flen flyys", from the first words of its opening line,Flen, flyys, and freris ('Fleas, flies, and friars'). The line that containsfuck readsNon sunt in coeli, quia gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk.Deciphering the phrasegxddbou xxkxzt pg ifmk, here by replacing each letter by the previous letter inalphabetical order, as the English alphabet was then, yields themacaronicnon sunt in coeli, quia fuccant vvivys of heli, which translated means, 'They are not in heaven, because they fuck the women ofEly'. The phrase was probably encoded because it accused monks of breaking their vows of celibacy;[13] it is uncertain to what extent the wordfuck was considered acceptable at the time. The stem offuccant is anEnglish word used as Latin.[24] In theMiddle English of this poem, the termwife was still used generically for 'woman'.[‡ 1]
William Dunbar's 1503 poem "Brash of Wowing" includes the lines: "Yit be his feiris he wald haue fukkit: / Ye brek my hairt, my bony ane" (ll. 13–14).[25]
The oldest known occurrence of the word in adjectival form (which implies use of the verb) in English comes from the margins of a 1528 manuscript copy ofCicero'sDe Officiis. A monk had scrawled in the margin notes, "fuckin Abbot". Whether the monk meant the word literally, to accuse this abbot of "questionable monastic morals", or whether he used it "as an intensifier, to convey his extreme dismay" is unclear.[26]
John Florio's 1598 Italian–English dictionary,A Worlde of Wordes, included the term, along with several now-archaic, but then-vulgar synonyms, in this definition:
Fottere:To jape, to sard, to fucke, to swive, to occupy.[18]
Of these, "occupy" and "jape" still survive as verbs, though with less profane meanings, while "sard" was a descendant of theAnglo-Saxon verbseordan (orseorðan,ONserða), to copulate; and "swive" had derived from earlierswīfan, to revolve i.e. to swivel (compare modern-day "screw"). As late as the 18th century, the verboccupy was seldom used in print because it carried sexual overtones.[27][‡ 2]
A 1790 poem bySt. George Tucker has a father upset with his bookish son say "I'd not give [a fuck] for all you've read". Originally printed as "I'd not give ------ for all you've read", scholars agree that the wordsa fuck were removed, making the poem the first recorded instance of the now-common phraseI don't give a fuck.[28]
Farmer and Henley's 1893 dictionary of slang notes both the adverbial and adjectival forms offuck as similar to but "more violent" thanbloody and indicating extreme insult, respectively.[17]
According to an article in the journalScience, research shows that when humans switched to processed foods after the spread of agriculture, they put less wear and tear on their teeth, leading to an overbite in adults. This overbite is said to make it easier to produce "f" and "v" sounds, and humorously, cleared the way for words like "Fuck".[29]
Modern usage
The modern usage and flexibility offuck was established by the mid-to-late 19th century, and has been fairly stable since.[17] Most literally, tofuck is to have sex, but it is also used as a more generalexpletive or intensifier.[‡ 3]
GuitaristAce Frehley with T-shirt "New York Fuckin City"
Insertion of thetrochaic wordfucking can also be used as an exercise for diagnosing thecadence of an English-language word. This is the use offuck or more specificallyfucking as aninfix, or more properly, atmesis (seeexpletive infixation). For example, the wordin-fucking-credible sounds acceptable to the English ear, and is in fairly common use, while *incred-fucking-ible would sound very clumsy (though, depending on the context, this might be perceived as a humorousimprovisation of the word).Abso-fucking-lutely andmotherfucking are also common uses offuck as anaffix.[30] While neither dysphemistic nor connected to the sexual connotations of the word, even the vacuous usages are considered offensive and gratuitous, such asThis is fucking awesome![‡ 3]Fuck has colloquial usage as averb,adverb,adjective,conjunction,interjection,noun, andpronoun.[31]
The wordfuck is a component of many acronyms, some of which—likeSNAFU (Situation Normal: All Fucked Up) andFUBAR (Fucked Up Beyond All Recognition)—date as far back asWorld War II.[32]MILF (Mother I'd Like to Fuck) and variations of the first letter are widely seen in pornographic contexts.[‡ 4] Many more recent coinages, such as the shorthandWTF? for 'what the fuck',[‡ 5]STFU for 'shut the fuck up',[‡ 6] orFML for 'fuck my life',[‡ 7] have been widely extant on the Internet, and may count as examples ofinternet memes. Many acronyms will also have anF orMF added to increase emphasis; for example,OMG ('oh my God') becomesOMFG ('oh my fucking God'). Abbreviations involvingfuck can be considered less offensive thanfuck itself.[33] Although the word is proclaimed vulgar, several comedians rely onfuck for comedic routines.George Carlin created several literary works based upon the word, including his routine "seven dirty words"—words that werebleep censored on US television.[34]
"Fuck all" is a widely recognised, mainly in the UK and Australia,[35] expression meaning "none", "nothing", or "very little".[36][37]
Examples of more recent usage
In 1928, English writerD. H. Lawrence's novelLady Chatterley's Lover gained notoriety for its frequent use of the wordsfuck andfucking.[38]The Catcher in the Rye byJ. D. Salinger featured the use offuck you in print. First published in the United States in 1951, the novel remains controversial to this day due in part to its use of the word,[39] standing at number 13 for the most banned books from 1990 to 2000 according to the American Library Association.[40]
ActressMiriam Margolyes has claimed that she was the first to unintentionally say the word on the quiz showUniversity Challenge in 1963; representing Newnham College, Cambridge. She claims to have uttered the word in frustration over an incorrect answer.[41] The word was "bleeped out" for transmission.[42][43][44] However, the first documented deliberate use of the wordfuck on live British television has been attributed to theatre criticKenneth Tynan in 1965, though it has been claimed Irish playwrightBrendan Behan used the word onPanorama in 1956 or the man who painted the railings on Stranmillis Embankment alongside the River Lagan in Belfast, who in 1959 told Ulster TV's teatime magazine programmeRoundabout that his job was "fucking boring".[45]
The word began to break into cinema when it was uttered once in the filmVapor (1963) and in two Andy Warhol films –Poor Little Rich Girl (1965) andMy Hustler (1965),[47] and later in each of two 1967 British releases,Ulysses andI'll Never Forget What's'isname. It was used several times in the 1969 British filmBronco Bullfrog.[48] According to directorRobert Altman, the first time the wordfuck was used in a major American studio film was in 1970'sM*A*S*H, spoken by Painless during the football match at the end of the film.[49]
Early examples of the word "fuck" featuring in music, although adlibbed in the studio rather than being a true part of the lyrics, include drummer Lynn Easton's exclamation 55 seconds intothe Kingsmen's "Louie Louie" (1963), or the discrete "fucking hell" buried in the mix ofthe Beatles' "Hey Jude" (1968).[50]MC5 andJefferson Airplane both used the term "motherfuckers" on their respective 1969 songs "Kick Out the Jams" (from MC5'slive album of the same name) and "We Can Be Together" (fromVolunteers).Elektra Records created a request clean version ofKick Out the Jams for those offended by the MC5's usage, whereasRCA Records initially refused to releaseVolunteers uncensored until the band pointed out the label had already released theHair cast recording with the term.[50] Use of the term "fuck" was still a rare occurrence on rock records in 1976 when the bandDoctors of Madness used the word in their song "Out".[51] The Sex Pistols also notoriously used the term on music a year later.[51]
Fuck is not widely used in politics, and the use of the word by politicians often produces controversy. Some events include:
In 1965, US PresidentLyndon B. Johnson said to the Greek ambassadorAlexandros Matsas when he objected to American plans inCyprus, "Fuck your parliament and your constitution. America is an elephant. Cyprus is a flea. Greece is a flea. If these two fellows continue itching the elephant they may just get whacked by the elephant's trunk, whacked good".[52][53]
During debate in February 1971 in theHouse of Commons of Canada, Canadian Prime MinisterPierre Trudeau mouthed the words "fuck off" atConservativeMPJohn Lundrigan, while Lundrigan made some comments about unemployment. Afterward, when asked by a television reporter what he had been thinking, Trudeau famously replied: "What is the nature of your thoughts, gentlemen, when you say 'fuddle duddle' or something like that?". "Fuddle duddle" consequently became acatchphrase in Canadian media associated with Trudeau.[55]
The first accepted modern use in theBritish House of Commons came in 1982 whenReg Race,Labour MP forWood Green, referred to adverts placed in local newsagents by prostitutes which read "Phone them and fuck them."Hansard, the full record of debates, printed "F*** them", but even this euphemism was deprecated by theSpeaker,George Thomas.[56]
During the George W. Bush presidency, a vehicular bumper sticker with the wordsBuck Fush (aspoonerism of "Fuck Bush") gained some popularity in the US.[57]
In June 2004, US Vice PresidentDick Cheney toldDemocratic senatorPatrick Leahy, "Go fuck yourself." Coincidentally, Cheney's outburst occurred on the same day that the Defense of Decency Act was passed in the Senate.[58]
In 2007,U.S. SenatorJohn Cornyn objected toJohn McCain's perceived intrusion upon a Senate meeting on immigration, saying, "Wait a second here. I've been sitting in here for all of these negotiations and you just parachute in here on the last day. You're out of line." McCain replied "Fuck you! I know more about this than anyone else in the room."[60]
In April 2007,New Zealand Education MinisterSteve Maharey said "fuck you" toa fellow MP during parliamentary question time. He apologized shortly afterwards.[61]
In December 2008, recorded telephone conversations revealed Illinois GovernorRod Blagojevich trying to "sell" an appointment to the Senate seat thatBarack Obama resigned after being elected president. In the phone conversation, Blagojevich said in reference to his power to appoint a new senator, "I've got this thing and it's fucking golden and I'm just not giving it up for fuckin' nothing." In the recorded conversations, Blagojevich also referred to Obama as a "motherfucker" and repeatedly said, "fuck him". When speaking of the Obama administration's request thatValerie Jarrett be appointed as Obama's replacement, Blagojevich complained, "They're not willing to give me anything except appreciation. Fuck them." Blagojevich also saidTribune Company ownership should be told to "fire those fuckers" in reference toChicago Tribune editors critical of him.[62]
In December 2009 inDáil Éireann (the lower house of the Irish Parliament),Paul Gogarty responded to heckles fromEmmet Stagg with the outburst, "With all due respect, in the mostunparliamentary language, fuck you, Deputy Stagg. Fuck you."[63][64] Gogarty immediately withdrew the remarks and later made a personal statement of apology.[63] Reporting of the outburst quickly spread by media and the Internet.[64] A subcommittee of the Dáil'sstanding committee on procedure and privilege produced a 28-page report on the incident.[63]
On March 23, 2010,US Vice PresidentJoe Biden whispered into PresidentBarack Obama's ear, "This is a big fucking deal" when referring to the US health care reform bill. His words were picked up by microphones and video.[65]
On May 3, 2010, Canadian senatorNancy Ruth advised representatives of women's groups to "shut the fuck up" on access to abortion, in the run-up to the36th G8 summit.[66]
In late 2012, the then-US House SpeakerJohn Boehner was visiting theWhite House, where he saw thenSenate Majority LeaderHarry Reid in the lobby. Boehner was under great stress about the impendingfiscal cliff, and Reid had also accused him of running a "dictatorship" in the house. Boehner saw Harry Reid, pointed his finger at him, and told him, "Go fuck yourself!" Reid replied by saying, "What are you talking about?" Boehner then repeated what he had told him and left.[67]
In late 2016, Philippine PresidentRodrigo Duterte reacted to theEuropean Parliament's criticism over the prevalence of unsolved extrajudicial killings which occurred during his "War on Drugs" by lashing out at EU politicians, claiming that they were "hypocrites" whose colonial-era ancestors had killed "thousands" of Arabs and other peoples during the colonial period.[68] Upon making anobscene hand gesture, Duterte stated that he told EU politicians, "When I read the EU condemnation I told them 'fuck you.' You are only doing it to atone for your own sins" and "They do not want a safe Philippines. They want it to be ruled by criminals. Oh, well, I'm sorry. That is your idiotic view".[69] Duterte also said, in response to growing international criticism, the "EU now has the gall to condemn me. I repeat it, fuck you."[70]
On June 10, 2018,Robert De Niro sparked controversy during the72nd Tony Awards as he cursed US PresidentDonald Trump with the word during the live broadcast. He started with the sentence: "I'm gonna say one thing: Fuck Trump." He clenched his two fists in the air, and ended his remarks by saying "It's no longer down with Trump, it's fuck Trump!" He received a standing ovation from the audience, which was mostly celebrities.[71][72][73]
On August 5, 2019,Beto O'Rourke after learning ofa mass shooting in his home town ofEl Paso, Texas stated "He's been calling Mexican immigrants rapists and criminals. I don't know, like, members of the press, what the fuck?" referring to Donald Trump when asked for his reaction to the shooting.[74]
During a virtual live telecast Senate hearing on August 21, 2020, SenatorTom Carper shouted: "Fuck! Fuck! Fuck!" over a video chat that was being broadcast nationwide.[75]
During his October 9, 2020 appearance onThe Rush Limbaugh Show, US PresidentDonald Trump stated in a threat toIran, "If you fuck around with us, if you do something bad to us, we are going to do things to you that have never been done before."[76]
In 2022,President Joe Biden said to the mayor ofFort Myers Beach, Florida, "No one fucks with a Biden," to which Mayor Ray Murphy responded, "Yeah, you're goddamn right."[77]
On June 28, 2023, Wisconsin state senatorLa Tonya Johnson proclaimed mid session on the senate floor, "Fuck the suburbs, because they don't know a goddamn thing about how life is in the city."[78]
On June 24, 2025,President Donald Trump said regarding a violation of theIran–Israel war ceasefire, "We basically have two countries that have been fighting so long and so hard that they don't know what the fuck they're doing".[79]
Use in marketing
In April 1997, clothing retailerFrench Connection began branding their clothes withfcuk (usually written in lowercase), stating it was anacronym for "French Connection United Kingdom". Its similarity to the wordfuck caused controversy.[80] French Connection produced a range of T-shirts with messages such as "fcuk this", "hot as fcuk", "cool as fcuk", "fcuk fashion", etc.[81]
In 2009, the European Union'sOHIM trade marks agency disallowed a German brewery to market a beer called "Fucking Hell". The brewery sued, and on March 26, 2010 got permission to market the beer. The company argued that it was actually named after the Austrian village of Fucking (now spelledFugging) and the German term for light beer,hell (which is simply the word for "light-coloured").[82]
Iancu v. Brunetti is aUnited States Supreme Court case in which the owner of the clothing brandFUCT (supposedly standing for "Friends U Can't Trust") sued thePatent and Trademark Office, which refused to trademark the name for being "scandalous" under theLanham Act.[83] The Supreme Court ruled in 2019 that a provision in15 U.S.C.§ 1052(a) of the Act, denying registration to any trademarks seen as consisting of immoral or scandalous matter, was an unconstitutional restriction of applicants'freedom of speech.[84]
Band names
The wordfuck has been used in a number of band names, such asFucked Up, generally based on common compounds. Many of these bands fall into the genres ofpunk andmetal, while some fall into the categories ofelectronic rock and pop, such asHoly Fuck[85] andFuck Buttons.[86]
F-bomb
The phrasedropping an F-bomb usually refers to the unanticipated use of the wordfuck in an unexpected setting, such as public media, a play on the nickname for thehydrogen bomb (the "H-bomb")[‡ 8] and theshock value that using the wordfuck in discourse carries. The term was first reported in a newspaper (Newsday) in 1988 when Hall of Fame baseball catcherGary Carter used it.[87] In 2012 it was listed, for the first time, in the mainstreamMerriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary.[88]
Censorship
In the United States, the word is frequently edited out of music and films when broadcast on TV, such as in the filmThe Big Lebowski, whenJohn Goodman's character repeatedly yells, "This is what happens when you fuck a stranger in the ass". It was censored on television as "This is what happens when you find a stranger in the Alps."[89] The line inspired the title of singerPhoebe Bridgers's first album,Stranger In The Alps.[90]
Still, in 1971, theUS Supreme Court decided that the public display offuck is protected under theFirst andFourteenth amendments and cannot be made a criminal offense. In 1968, Paul Robert Cohen had been convicted ofdisturbing the peace for wearing a jacket with the slogan "Fuck the Draft" (in a reference to conscription in theVietnam War). The conviction was upheld by the court of appeals and overturned by the Supreme Court inCohen v. California.[91]
In conversation or writing, reference to or use of the wordfuck may be replaced by any of many alternative words or phrases, includingthe F-word orthe F-bomb (a play onA-bomb andH-bomb), or simply,eff orf (as inWhat the eff/F orYou effing/f'ing fool). Also, there are many commonly used substitutes, such asflipping,frigging,fricking,freaking,feck,fudge,flaming,forget or any of a number of similar-sounding nonsense words. In print, there are alternatives such as,F***,F––k, etc.; or a string of non-alphanumeric characters, for example,@$#*%! and similar (especially favored incomic books).[92]
A replacement word that was used mainly onUsenet newsgroups isfsck, derived from the name of the Unixfilesystemchecking utility.[93][94]
^abHughes, Geoffrey (2006)."Fuck".An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, and Ethnic Slurs in the English-Speaking World. Archived fromthe original on January 24, 2015.
^Booth, Paul (2015). "An early fourteenth-century use of the F-word in Cheshire, 1310–11".Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire.164:99–102.doi:10.3828/transactions.164.9.
^Dunbar, William (2003).Selected poems (1st ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 45.ISBN0415969433.Archived from the original on July 22, 2023. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2021.
^BBFC page for Bronco BullfrogArchived November 24, 2016, at theWayback Machine, under "insight" section –LANGUAGE: Infrequent strong language ('f**k') occurs, as well as a single written use of very strong language ('c**t') which appears as graffiti on a wall.
^"Licensing of sex establishments".Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). February 3, 1982.Archived from the original on June 29, 2009. RetrievedAugust 20, 2009. HC Deb February 3, 1982 vol. 17 cc321–66: "Conegate Ltd. provides opportunities for prostitutes to operate. The shop inLewisham was recently raided by the police and was the subject of a court case. When two women who had been accused of daubing the shop with paint were acquitted by themagistrates' court it was revealed in the national newspapers that Conegate had been operating a list of sexual contacts in the shop, the heading of which was 'Phone them and ... them'."
^"Buck Fush and the Left".The Dennis Prager Show. Salem National.Archived from the original on July 31, 2020. RetrievedMarch 13, 2019.
^Walker, Michael (March 21, 2000).The Lexicon of Comicana. iUniverse.ISBN978-0595089024.
^Huff, David D. Jr. (2002)."Re: Mandrake 8.2 Musings".Newsgroup: alt.os.linux.mandrake.Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. RetrievedMay 10, 2016.At some point in your Linux career you should ask yourself: 'If there are 3.4 million successful, happy Mandrake users...what thefsck is wrong with me?'
^Raymond, Eric S (September 24, 1999)."fscking".The Jargon File. Archived fromthe original on January 3, 2009.fcking: /fus'-king/ or /eff'-seek-ing/ adj. [Usenet; common]Fucking, in the expletive sense (it refers to the Unix filesystem-repair command fsck(1), of which it can be said that if you have to use it at all you are having a bad day). Originated on {scary devil monastery} and thebofh.net newsgroups, but became much more widespread following the passage of {CDA}. Also occasionally seen in the variant 'What the fsck?'
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