.jpg) A 1946 Fruehauf semi-trailer (mated to a 1952Federal45M truck tractor) on display at theHenry Ford Museum in 2012 | |
| Industry | Semi-trailer manufacturing,defense industry |
|---|---|
| Founded | Detroit, Michigan, U.S. February 27, 1918 (1918-02-27) |
| Founder | August Charles Fruehauf |
| Fate | Acquired byWabash National |
Fruehauf Trailer Corporation, previouslyFruehauf Trailer Company (1918–1963) andFruehauf Corporation (1963–1989),[1] was an American company engaged in the manufacture and sale oftrucktrailers, and other machinery and equipment, with headquarters located inDetroit, Michigan. It was founded in 1918 in Detroit, after August Fruehauf created thesemi-trailer and launched a new industry. The Fruehauf trailer company introduced revolutionary inventions to trucking and transportation with hydraulic dump trailers, bulk tanker trailers, and automaticfifth-wheel couplings among their more than one thousand patents, including theshipping container in 1956. Expanding across the country, Fruehauf had 16 plants and more than 80 distributorships for parts and service. Globally, the company expanded into Europe, South America, and Asia.
Following a proxy battle in the late 1980s the company filed forbankruptcy protection in 1997. International divisions became independent, U.S. subsidiaries such as Kelsey Hayes, Pro-Par, Budd Wheels, and Hobbs were sold; Wabash National acquired the crippled company in 1997.
The company's founder, August Charles Fruehauf (1868–1930), was born inFraser, Michigan, the son of Sophia and Charles Fruehauf.[2][a] He began his career as a Detroit-area blacksmith and carriage builder. In 1914, a local businessman namedFrederic M. Sibley asked Fruehauf to build a trailer that could be towed behind aFord Model T and transport a boat to upper Michigan. Fruehauf successfully built the device, and Sibley requested he build additional trailers for use on his lumber yard.[3] Fruehauf would call them "semi-trailers", and his product proved popular. In 1918, he incorporated his business as the Fruehauf Trailer Company.[1][4][5]
The semi-trailers soon demonstrated their practicality and orders came in from competing lumber dealers and any manufacturer who wanted to expand their customer base. Closed van trailers were designed and put into service. Industries such as dairy and fuel oil were revolutionized with this "go-anywhere" type of transportation. Capitalizing on August Fruehauf's slogan, "a horse can pull more than it can carry, so can a truck", the company continued to grow.
Fruehauf developed semi-trailers for use in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. Developing more than 150 patents for military products alone, these were eventually introduced into commercial use. Among them were early versions of the shipping container used on some U.S. railroads and, after 1956, on the ships of Pan-Atlantic Steamship Co., the ship line controlled by container pioneerMalcom McLean and later known as Sea-Land. Fruehauf contributed to the creation of theAmerican Trucking Association and was instrumental in the creation of the interstate highway system as advisors to PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower.
Fruehauf purchased competing companies to acquire distribution, new technology, or geographic advantages. Warner-Fruehauf in Baltimore, Hobbs from Texas, and Strick in the Midwest. On February 28, 1947, the Fruehauf Corporation purchased the Carter Manufacturing Company. Carter was started in 1927 and based in Memphis, Tennessee, with another location in Birmingham, Alabama. The Carter Manufacturing Company was involved in the manufacturing of trailers from the Carter plant. As with Warner-Fruehauf in Baltimore, all trailers made out of the Memphis and Birmingham plants were called Fruehauf-Carter.
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During the U.S.guided missile boom in the 1950s and 1960s, Fruehauf developed and manufacturedmissile vehicles, ground-based and submarine-basedmissile launchers, transporters/erectors, shipping containers, ground handling equipment, equipment shelters, and other components for the U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force. This included systems for theAtlas,Bomarc,Corporal,Falcon,Genie,Hawk,Matador,Nike Ajax,Nike Hercules,Jupiter,Polaris,Redstone,Regulus I,II,Sergeant,Thor, andTitan missiles.[6] To meet increasing defense contract work, the hub of the company'sground handling/ground support equipment (GHE/GSE) production was placed at its plant inDelphos, Ohio.[7] The company also provided the army with 5,000-US-gallon (19,000 L) fuel tank semi-trailers[8] and 12-ton semi-trailers.[9] At its plant inFullerton, California (previously owned by Hanson Bros.) it manufactured15-ton amphibious lighters[10] and reusable metal shipping boxes for military purposes.[11] Both Detroit and Fullerton branches of the company's military products division took part in theU.S. space program, producing among the other thingsGemini practice recovery spacecraft.[12]
In 1959, the company, Roy Fruehauf,Teamsters Union PresidentDave Beck, and others were indicted on charges that the company had illegally lent $200,000 to Beck in 1954. The Teamsters had previously lent $1.5 million to Roy Fruehauf to finance aproxy fight against his elder brother, Harvey, and Roy Fruehauf was alleged to have returned the favor by making the loan to Beck. As the Teamsters represented some Fruehauf employees, the loan was alleged to be an illegal gift or bribe, in violation of theLabor-Management Relations Act of 1947. TheU.S. Supreme Court upheld the indictment in 1961,[13] but subsequently, the case was dismissed.[citation needed]
Following the death of August's sons, Harvey, Harry, and Roy Fruehauf, the Fruehauf family was no longer in charge by the mid-1960s. Resting on the laurels of the preceding decades, management would not make the tough and difficult personal sacrifices needed to withstand economic challenges. While the company eventually diversified and expanded its operations, financial issues resulted in the sell-off of company divisions in 1989. The truck trailer unit continued operation as Fruehauf Trailer Corporation.[1]
In the 1970s and 1980s, Fruehauf became a major manufacturer of aluminum or steel marineintermodal containers forcontainer ships, both in the U.S. as well as through various overseas subsidiaries such as Crane Fruehauf in the UK,[14] Fruehauf France or Nippon Fruehauf, with major global shipping lines and container leasing companies as customers.[citation needed]
The company declared bankruptcy on October 7, 1996. An axle plant in Ohio was sold to Holland Hitch Company on February 18, 1997, and Fruehauf's United States manufacturing and sales business was sold toWabash National on March 17, 1997.[15] Prior to the bankruptcy, the Bellinger Shipyard owned by Fruehauf inJacksonville, Florida, was sold toM. D. Moody & Sons, Inc. for $1.9 million in 1995 and then the Jacksonville Shipyard was sold to developers in 2014.[16] Companies in France, Mexico, New Zealand, and Japan continued to operate under the Fruehauf name.[5][15]
In 2015, Poland's largest trailer company,Wielton, purchased a 65% share of Fruehauf France. It completed the purchase of the balance in 2017.[17]
In 2021, MV Commercial purchased Fruehauf in the UK from administration. It aims to revive the brand and increase production by investing heavily in the business which had been neglected for several years.[18]
In 2023, Fruehauf featured in the October issue of Bulk & Tipper magazine, with the article covering Fruehauf's acquisition by MV Commercial and the success of the takeover.[19]