Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Fritz Machlup

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Austrian economist (1902–1983)
Fritz Machlup
Born
Friedrich Eduard Machlup

(1902-12-15)December 15, 1902
DiedJanuary 30, 1983(1983-01-30) (aged 80)
Academic background
EducationUniversity of Vienna
(Dr. rer. pol, 1923)
Doctoral advisorLudwig von Mises
InfluencesFriedrich von Wieser
Ludwig von Mises
Friedrich Hayek
Academic work
School or traditionAustrian School
InstitutionsNew York University
(1971–83)
Princeton University
(1960–71)
Johns Hopkins University
(1947–59)
University at Buffalo
(1935–47)
Doctoral studentsEdith Penrose
Merton Miller
John Chipman
Robert Eisner
Notable ideasInformation society
Half-life of knowledge
Signature

Fritz Machlup (/ˈmɑːklʌp/;[1]German:[ˈmaxluːp]; bornFriedrich Eduard Machlup; December 15, 1902 – January 30, 1983) was an Austrian-Americaneconomist known for his work ininformation economics.[2] He was President of theInternational Economic Association from 1971 to 1974.[3] He was one of the first economists to examineknowledge as an economic resource,[4] and is credited with popularising the concept of theinformation society.[5]

Early life and career

[edit]

Machlup was born toJewish parents inWiener-Neustadt, then in theAustro-Hungarian Empire. His father was a businessman who owned two factories that manufactured cardboard.[6] In 1920, he began studying economics at theUniversity of Vienna, where he received hisdr.rer.pol in 1923.[7] At Vienna, he attended lectures byFriedrich von Wieser, and participated in seminars organised byLudwig von Mises.[8]

In 1933, he moved to theUnited States, where he was a research fellow at theRockefeller Foundation from 1933 to 1935.[7] After theNazi seizure of Austria in 1938, Machlup remained in the United States, and became anaturalised citizen of the US in 1940.[9] He was theFrank H. Goodyear Professor of Economics at theUniversity at Buffalo from 1935 to 1947,[7] and held visiting positions at various universities around the US, includingHarvard,Columbia, andStanford.[7]

From 1947 to 1960, he was the Abram G. Hutzler Professor of Political Economy atJohns Hopkins University, during which time he served as a research fellow at theFord Foundation in 1957–58.[7] He was the Walker Professor of Economics and International Finance atPrinceton University between 1960 and 1971, where he also directed the International Finance Section.[7] He was a consultant to theTreasury Department from 1965 to 1977.[7] From 1971 till his death in 1983, he was a professor of economics atNew York University.[7] His key work wasThe Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States (1962), which is credited with popularizing the concept of theinformation society.[5]

Machlup was elected to theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1961, and theAmerican Philosophical Society in 1963.[10][11] He served as President of theAmerican Economic Association in 1966,[12] and was President of theInternational Economic Association from 1971 to 1974.[3]

Shortly before his death, he completed the third in a series of ten planned volumes collectively calledKnowledge: Its Creation, Distribution, and Economic Significance.[13] Machlup also helped form theBellagio Group in the early 1960s, and joined its direct successor, theGroup of Thirty, in 1979.[6][14]

Major works

[edit]
  • Die Goldkernwährung, 1925. (dissertation underLudwig von Mises)
  • "Transfer and Price Effects", 1930,ZfN.
  • The Stock Market, Credit and Capital Formation, 1931. (onlinee-book)
  • "The Liquidity of Short-Term Capital", 1932,Economica.
  • "A Note on Fixed Costs", 1934,Quarterly Journal of Economics (QJE).
  • "Professor Knight and the Period of Production", 1935,Journal of Political Economy (JPE).
  • "The Commonsense of the Elasticity of Substitution", 1935,Review of Economic Studies (RES).
  • Machlup, Fritz (15 January 1935). "The Consumption of Capital in Austria".The Review of Economics and Statistics.17 (1):13–19.doi:10.2307/1928519.JSTOR 1928519.
  • "The Rate of Interest as Cost Factor and as a Capitalization Factor", 1935,American Economic Review (AER).
  • "Why Bother with Methodology?", 1936,Economica.
  • "On the Meaning of Marginal Product", 1937,Explorations in Economics.
  • "Monopoly and Competition: A clarification of market positions", 1937,AER.
  • "Evaluation of Practical Significance of the Theory of Monopolistic Competition", 1939,AER.
  • "Period Analysis and Multiplier Theory", 1939,QJE.
  • "The Theory of Foreign Exchange", 1939–40,Economica.
  • "Eight Questions on Gold", 1941,AER.
  • "Forced or Induced Savings: An exploration into its synonyms and homonyms", 1943,Review of Economics and Statistics (REStat).
  • International Trade and the National Income Multiplier, 1943. (onlinee-book)
  • "Marginal Analysis and Empirical Research", 1946,AER.
  • "A Rejoinder to an Anti-Marginalist", 1947,AER.
  • "Monopolistic Wage Determination as a Part of the General Problem of Monopoly", 1947, inWage Determination and the Economics of Liberalism.
  • "Elasticity Pessimism in International Trade", 1950,Economia Internazionale.
  • "Three Concepts of the Balance of Payments and the So-Called Dollar Shortage", 1950,The Economic Journal (EJ).
  • "Schumpeter's Economic Methodology", 1951,REStat.
  • The Political Economy of Monopoly, 1952 (onlinee-book).
  • "The Characteristics and Classification of Oligopoly", 1952,Kyklos.
  • The Economics of Sellers' Competition, 1952 (onlinee-book).
  • "Dollar Shortage and Disparities in the Growth of Productivity", 1954,Scottish JPE.
  • "The Problem of Verification in Economics", 1955,Southern EJ.
  • "Characteristics and Types of Price Discrimination", 1955, in Stigler, editor,Business Concentration and Price Policies.
  • "Relative Prices and Aggregate Spending in the Analysis of Devaluation", 1955,AER.
  • "The Inferiority Complex of the Social Sciences", 1956, in Sennholz, editor,On Freedom and Free Enterprise.
  • "The Terms-of-Trade Effects of Devaluation upon Real Income and the Balance of Trade", 1956,Kyklos.
  • "Professor Hicks' Revision of Demand Theory", 1957,AER.
  • "Disputes, Paradoxes and Dilemmas Concerning Economic Development", 1957,RISE.
  • "Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Misplaced concreteness and disguised politics", 1958,EJ.
  • "Can There Be Too Much Research?", 1958,Science.
  • "Structure and Structural Change: Weaselwords and jargon", 1958,ZfN.
  • "The Optimum Lag of Imitation Behind Innovation", 1958,Festskrift til Frederik Zeuthen.
  • "Statics and Dynamics: Kaleidoscopic words", 1959,Southern EJ.
  • Micro and Macro-Economics: Contested boundaries and claims of superiority, 1960.
  • "Operational Concepts and Mental Constructs in Model and Theory Formation", 1960,GdE.
  • "The Supply of Inventors and Inventions", 1960,WWA.
  • "Another View of Cost-Push and Demand-Pull Inflation", 1960,REStat.
  • "Are the Social Sciences Really Inferior?", 1961,Southern EJ.
  • The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States, 1962.
  • Essays in Economic Semantics, 1963.
  • "Conceptos operativos y constructos mentales en la elaboración de los modelos y de la teoría", 1963, Estudios económicos. Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
  • "Why Economists Disagree", 1964,Proceedings of APS.
  • International Payments, Debts and Gold, 1964.
  • "The Cloakroom Rule of International Reserve Creation and Resources Transfer", 1965,QJE.
  • "Adjustment, Compensatory Correction and Financing of Imbalances in International Payments", 1965, in Baldwin et al.,Trade, Growth and the Balance of Payments.
  • "The Need for Monetary Reserves", 1966,Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, Quarterly Review (BNLQR).
  • "Operationalism and Pure Theory in Economics", in Krupp, editor,The Structure of Economics.
  • "Corporate Management, National Interest and Behavioral Theory", 1967,JPE.
  • "Theories of the Firm: Marginalist, behavioral and managerial", 1967,AER.
  • "If Matter Could Talk", 1969, in Morgenbesser et al., editors,Philosophy, Science and Methodology.
  • "Liberalism and Choice of Freedoms", 1969, in Streissler et al., editors,Roads to Freedom: Essays in honor ofFriedrich A. von Hayek.
  • "Eurodollar Creation: A mystery story", 1970,BNLQR.
  • "Homo Oeconomicus and His Class Mates", 1970, in Natanson, editor,Phenomenology and Social Reality.
  • "The Universal Bogey", 1972, in Preston and Corry, editors,Essays in Honor of Lord Robbins.
  • "Friedrich von Hayek's Contributions to Economics", 1974,Swedish JE.
  • "A History of Thought on Economic Integration", 1977,Columbia University Press.
  • "Knowledge: Its Creation, Distribution and Economic Significance",Princeton University Press.
    • Vol. 1: Knowledge and Knowledge Production, 1981
    • Vol. 2:The Branches of Learning, 1982
    • Vol. 3: The Economics of Information and Human Capital, 1984
  • Machlup, Fritz (November 1984)."Por qué discrepan los economistas".Estudios económicos.3 (5/6):69–82.doi:10.52292/j.estudecon.1984.907.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Fritz Machlup on whether everybody should go to college onYouTube
  2. ^Chipman, J.S. (2008). "Machlup, Fritz (1902–1983)". In Durlauf, S.N.; Blume, L.E. (eds.).The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Macmillan Palgrave. pp. 1–3.doi:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_925-2.ISBN 978-1-349-95121-5.
  3. ^ab"General Information | IEA".Archived from the original on 2023-12-21. Retrieved2023-12-21.
  4. ^*May, Clifford D. (31 January 1983)."Fritz Machlup, 80, An Economist, Dies".The New York Times. Retrieved8 September 2023.
  5. ^abCrawford, S (October 1983)."The origin and development of a concept: the information society".Bulletin of the Medical Library Association.71 (4):380–385.PMC 227258.PMID 6652297.
  6. ^abHaberler, Gottfried (1983)."Fritz Machlup In Memoriam"(PDF).Cato Journal.3 (1): 11.Archived(PDF) from the original on 2024-08-14. Retrieved2023-12-29.
  7. ^abcdefgh"Machlup (Fritz) papers".Archived from the original on 2023-12-21. Retrieved2023-12-21.
  8. ^Langlois, Richard N (1985)."From the Knowledge of Economics to the Economics of Knowledge: Fritz Machlup on Methodology and on the 'Knowledge Society'"(PDF). In Samuels, Warren J (ed.).Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology. Vol. 3. pp. 225–235.ISBN 978-0-89232-616-7.OCLC 1192122453.S2CID 37979985.
  9. ^Klausinger, Hansjoerg (June 2014)."Academic Anti-Semitism and the Austrian School: Vienna, 1918–1945"(PDF).Atlantic Economic Journal.42 (2):191–204.doi:10.1007/s11293-014-9410-x.S2CID 154581753.
  10. ^"Fritz Machlup".American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved2022-11-09.
  11. ^"APS Member History".search.amphilsoc.org.Archived from the original on 2022-11-09. Retrieved2022-11-09.
  12. ^"American Economic Association".www.aeaweb.org.Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved2023-12-22.
  13. ^Machlup, Fritz (2016).Knowledge: Its Creation, Distribution and Economic Significance, Volume III: The Economics of Information and Human Capital. Princeton University Press.ISBN 978-0-691-64049-5.[page needed]
  14. ^"Bellagio Group". MIT.Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved3 August 2020.

External links

[edit]
Austrian school economics
Influences
Founders
Other contributors
See also
1886–1900
1901–1925
1926–1950
1951–1975
1976–2000
2001–present
International
National
Academics
People
Other
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Machlup&oldid=1320727452"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp