Fritz Hollings | |
|---|---|
 | |
| United States Senator fromSouth Carolina | |
| In office November 9, 1966 – January 3, 2005 | |
| Preceded by | Donald Russell |
| Succeeded by | Jim DeMint |
| 106thGovernor of South Carolina | |
| In office January 20, 1959 – January 15, 1963 | |
| Lieutenant | Burnet R. Maybank Jr. |
| Preceded by | George Timmerman |
| Succeeded by | Donald Russell |
| 77thLieutenant Governor of South Carolina | |
| In office January 18, 1955 – January 20, 1959 | |
| Governor | George Timmerman |
| Preceded by | George Timmerman |
| Succeeded by | Burnet Maybank |
| Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives fromCharleston County | |
| In office 1949–1954 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ernest Frederick Hollings (1922-01-01)January 1, 1922 |
| Died | April 6, 2019(2019-04-06) (aged 97) |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouses | |
| Children | 4 |
| Education | |
| Awards | Bronze Star European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch/service |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1942–1945 |
| Rank | Captain[1] |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
Hollings speaks in support of theTelephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 Recorded November 7, 1991 | |
Ernest Frederick "Fritz" Hollings (January 1, 1922 – April 6, 2019) was an American politician from theU.S. state ofSouth Carolina. A member of theDemocratic Party, he served as a member of theSouth Carolina House of Representatives representingCharleston County, South Carolina from 1949 to 1954, the 77thlieutenant governor of South Carolina from 1955 to 1959, the 106thgovernor of South Carolina from 1959 to 1963, and a member of theUnited States Senate from 1966 to 2005. He served alongside Democrat-turned-Republican U.S. Senate memberStrom Thurmond for 36 years, making them the longest-serving duo in U.S. Senate history. At the time of his death, he was the oldest living former U.S. senator and the second-oldest living former American governor, the same honorary titles thatDaniel J. Evans from the state ofWashington later held at the time of his death in September 2024. As of 2025, he is the last Democrat to hold or win a U.S. Senate seat in South Carolina.
Born inCharleston, South Carolina, Hollings graduated fromThe Citadel in 1942 and joined a law practice in Charleston after attending theJoseph F. Rice School of Law. DuringWorld War II, he served as an artillery officer in campaigns inNorth Africa andEurope. After the war, Hollings successively won election to theSouth Carolina House of Representatives, as lieutenant governor, and as governor. He sought election to the Senate in 1962 but was defeated by incumbent U.S. Senate memberOlin D. Johnston.
Johnston died in 1965, and the following year Hollings won a special election to serve the remainder of Johnston's term. Hollings remained popular and continually won re-election, becomingone of the longest-serving members of the United States Senate in U.S. history. Hollings sought the Democratic nomination in the1984 presidential election but dropped out of the race after theNew Hampshire presidential primary. He declined to seek re-election in 2004 and was succeeded by RepublicanJim DeMint.
Hollings was born inCharleston, South Carolina, the son of Wilhelmine Dorothea Meyer (1888–1982) and Adolph Gevert Hollings, Sr. (1882–1940).[2][3] He was of German descent.[4] Hollings was raised at 338 President St. in theHampton Park Terrace neighborhood from age 10 until he enrolled in college.[5]
Hollings graduated fromThe Citadel in 1942, receiving aBachelor of Arts degree. He achieved aBachelor of Laws in 1947 after one year and nine months at theUniversity of South Carolina, and joined a law practice in Charleston.[6] Hollings was a member of thePi Kappa Phi fraternity. He was a member of the German Friendly Society of Charleston from 1976 to 1991.
Hollings was then married to Rita Liddy "Peatsy" Hollings from August 21, 1971, until her death in October 2012.[7][8][9] He had four children (Michael,[10] Helen,[11] Patricia Salley,[12] and Ernest III[13]) with his first wife, Martha Patricia Salley Hollings,[8][14][5] who he first married on March 30, 1946.[7] He was aLutheran. In addition, Fritz and Patricia had two sons who died.[13]
Hollings served as an officer in theUnited States Army's 353rd and 457th Artillery units from 1942 to 1945, duringWorld War II, and was awarded theBronze Star Medal for meritorious service in direct support of combat operations from December 13, 1944, to May 1, 1945, in France and Germany. He received theEuropean–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with five Bronze Service Stars for participation in theTunisia, Southern France, Rome-Arno, and Central Europe Campaigns.[15]
Hollings served three terms in theSouth Carolina House of Representatives from 1949 to 1954. In 1950, following the notoriousLynching of Willie Earle, Hollings authored a law that mandated the death penalty for lynching. No lynchings occurred in South Carolina after that law was enacted. After only one term, Hollings's colleagues elected him SpeakerPro Tempore in 1951 and 1953.[16] He was subsequently electedLieutenant Governor of South Carolina in 1954, andGovernor of South Carolina in1958 at the age of 36.[17]
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As governor of South Carolina from January 20, 1959, to January 15, 1963, Hollings worked to improve the state's educational system, helping to bring more industry and employment opportunities to the state. His term in office saw the establishment of the state's technical education system and its educational television network. He also called for and achieved significant increases in teachers' salaries, bringing them closer to the regional average. At the 1961 Governor's Conference on Business, Industry, Education and Agriculture inColumbia, South Carolina, he declared, "Today, in our complex society, education is the cornerstone upon which economic development must be built – and prosperity assured."[18]
During Hollings's term as governor, theConfederate battle flag was flown above theSouth Carolina State House underneath theU.S. andstate flags. The battle flag was placed over the dome in 1962 by a concurrent resolution of the state legislature during the commemoration of the Civil War centennial.[19] The resolution failed to designate a time for its removal. In 2000 the state legislature voted to move the flag from above the state house to a Confederate soldiers' monument in front of the building,[20] where it remained until 2015, whenRepublican governorNikki Haley ordered it removed followingCharleston church shooting by aNeo-Confederate in the state earlier that year.[21][22]
Hollings did little to either support or oppose the civil rights movement as governor, and instead took pride in the lack of civil rights violence that occurred in the state. In his last address to the General Assembly on January 9, 1963, ahead of the peaceful admission toClemson University of its firstAfrican American student,Harvey Gantt, Hollings declared: "As we meet, South Carolina is running out of courts ... this General Assembly must make clear South Carolina's choice, a government of laws rather than a government of men ... This should be done with dignity. It should be done with law and order."[23]
Hollings oversaw the last executions in South Carolina beforeFurman v. Georgia, a decision by theSupreme Court of the United States, which temporarily banned capital punishment. During his term, eight inmates were put to death byelectric chair. The last wasrapist Douglas Thorne, on April 20, 1962.[24]
He sought the Democratic nomination for a seat in theUnited States Senate in 1962 but lost to incumbentOlin D. Johnston.[17]
According to one study, Hollings was the first of a series of “moderately liberal” Democratic governors who would lead South Carolina for the next 16 years.[25]
Johnston died on April 18, 1965. Hollings' successor as governor,Donald S. Russell, resigned in order to accept appointment to the Senate seat. In the summer of 1966, Hollings defeated Russell in the Democratic primary for the remaining two years of the term. He then narrowly won thespecial election on November 8, 1966, defeating Democrat-turned-RepublicanMarshall Parker by 11,758 votes, and was sworn in shortly thereafter. He gained seniority on other newly elected U.S. senators who would have to wait until January 1967 to take the oath of office. In 1967, he was one of eleven senators who voted against the nomination ofThurgood Marshall to become the first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. In1968, Hollings won his first full Senate term, again defeating Parker this time by 155,280 votes.
For over 36 years (from November 9, 1966 to January 3, 2003), he served alongside Democratic-turned-Republican Strom Thurmond, making them the longest-serving state delegation duo in history of the United States Senate to date. Thurmond and Hollings generally had a good relationship despite their sometimes sharp philosophical differences, and frequently collaborated on legislation and projects for South Carolina. Hollings was also thethirteenth-longest-serving member of the United States Senate.
In 1970, Hollings authoredThe Case Against Hunger: A Demand for a National Policy, acknowledging the ReverendI. DeQuincey Newman and Sister Mary Anthony for opening his eyes to the despair caused by hunger and helping him realize that he must do something about it.[26] Hollings made headlines the year before when he toured poverty-stricken areas of South Carolina, often referred to as his "Hunger Tours". He was accused of drawing unwanted attention to South Carolina while other states, both northern and southern, also faced extreme poverty. Hollings knew South Carolina was not alone in its struggle and thought that if any politician was going to investigate hunger in South Carolina, it was going to at least be a South Carolinian. After a tour of an East Charleston slum, he said, "I don't wantRomney andKennedy coming here to look at my slums. As a matter of fact when I get caught up with my work, I think I may go look at the slums of Boston."[27] For his efforts, Hollings was also accused of "scheming for the Negro vote". Hollings, who had seen plenty of white hunger and poverty and slums on his tours, responded, "You just don't make political points on hunger. The poor aren't registered to vote and they won't vote."[28] In February 1969, however, Hollings testified as to what he had seen on his fact-finding tours in front of theUnited States Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs. Charleston'sNews and Courier (nowThe Post and Courier) reported that "Senators, members of the press corps and visitors packed in the hearing room watched and listened in disbelief as Hollings detailed dozens of tragically poignant scenes of human suffering in his state."[29] Hollings recommended to the committee that freefood stamps from theSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program be distributed to the most needy, and just over a day later, U.S. Senate memberGeorge McGovern fromSouth Dakota announced that free food stamps would be distributed in South Carolina as part of a national pilot program for feeding the hungry.[29]
Hollings and his first wife separated in 1970 and divorced in 1971. Their children lived with their mother, and Hollings never discussed the reason for the divorce. Later that year, he married Rita Liddy "Peatsy" Hollings (born 1935), who was 13 years his junior.[30] She had joined his administrative staff in 1967.[31] It was her first and his second marriage. They were married 41 years until her death in 2012.
In the 1970s, Hollings joined with fellow U.S. Senate members Ted Kennedy fromMassachusetts andHenry M. Jackson fromWashington in apress conference to opposePresident of the United StatesGerald Ford's request that Congress endRichard Nixon's price controls on domestic oil, which had helped to cause the gasoline lines during the1973 oil crisis.[32] Hollings said he believed ending the price controls (as was eventually done in 1981) would be a "catastrophe" that would cause "economic chaos".[32]
In February 1970, during a session of debate on federal aid to school districts serving children living in public housing units, Hollings asked U.S. Senate memberJacob Javits fromNew York if he would support the anti-busing amendment given that it was based on New York law.[33]
In September 1970, during a speech at theUniversity of Georgia inAthens, Georgia, Hollings declared that the United States could not afford such "leadership by political bamboozle", calling on Americans to ignore the voices of discord and unite for "meaningful changes" in society. Hollings said President Nixon had led the U.S. down a "clamorous road of drift and division" and criticized the "ranting rhetoric" ofVice President of the United StatesSpiro Agnew. Hollings attributed the principal blame for the disunity of the U.S. on special interest groups and "impatient minority blocs" that had shouted "non negotiable demands". Hollings linked former President Johnson and President Nixon with having both "attacked the politics of the problem rather than the problems themselves".[34]
In February 1971, Hollings introduced Ted Kennedy from Massachusetts in Charleston, South Carolina, ahead of his remarks calling for an end to theVietnam War. Hollings disclosed that Kennedy had sought his advice on how to answer reporters' questions regarding a possible presidential campaign and that Kennedy believed his visit would spark speculation on the part of reporters about a campaign regardless of what he said.[35]
In November 1971, Hollings announced his opposition to the nomination ofEarl Butz forUnited States Secretary of Agriculture.[36]
In 1972, Hollings and Republican U.S. Senate memberWilliam B. Saxbe fromOhio sponsored a resolution bestowing early United States recognition onBangladesh as the Nixon administration sought a policy of delaying recognition until "there were commensurate diplomatic benefits to the United States."[37]
In 1977, Hollings was one of five Democratic U.S. Senate members to vote against the nomination ofRay Marshall asUnited States Secretary of Labor.[38]
In early 1979,United States Secretary of StateCyrus Vance sought permission from a Senate Appropriations subcommittee to transfer $2 million in funds for the American Embassy to the new unofficial American Institute inTaiwan. Hollings was one of four members of the committee to oppose Vance's request during the latter's appearance before the subcommittee and Hollings later sent a letter to Vance declining the request. Hollings explained that "a smooth transition to unofficial relations may be threatened" in the event of funds not being transferred to the American Institute before the American Embassy in Taiwan ceased its function by its designated date of March 1. Hollings's opposition was considered unusual given that most requests were approved and State Department officials publicly stated their wishes for Hollings and his colleagues to drop their opposition in the face of Taiwan's reluctant agreement to setting up "nongovernmental body in Washington" that would serve as the counterpart to the American Institute in Taipei.[39]
Hollings opposed legislation in 1979 that would admit additional ethnic Chinese refugees amid increased concern regarding moves by the Vietnamese government.[40]
In August 1979, Hollings announced his opposition to the United States-Soviet Union nuclear arms treaty, saying the treaty should be defeated unless amended with a reduction of Soviet military power. His proposal was believed to stir Russian disapproval of the treaty if implemented. Hollings also made an unsuccessful attempt to persuade theUnited States Senate Committee on the Budget to add $2.6 billion for a recommendation for military spending that would be included in Congress's second concurrent resolution on the budget.[41]
Hollings unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination forPresident of the United States in the1984 United States presidential election. Hollings's wit and experience, as well as his call for abudget freeze, won him some positive attention, but his relatively conservative record alienated liberal Democrats, and he was never really noticed in a field dominated by former U.S. Senate memberWalter Mondale ofMinnesota, who served in the U.S. Senate from 1964 to 1976 and as Vice President of the United States from 1977 to 1981, and U.S. Senate membersJohn Glenn ofOhio andGary Hart ofColorado. Hollings dropped out two days after losing badly in theNew Hampshire presidential primary, and endorsed Hart a week later. His disdain for his competitors sometimes showed. He notably referred to Mondale as a "lapdog" and to former astronaut Glenn as a "Sky King" who was "confused in his capsule".[42]
On March 24, 1981, Hollings introduced legislation that if passed would restore the military draft with limited deferments and exemptions and stipulating that men aged 18 to 22 years old would be required to spend nine months of active service for basic training that potentially would precede reserve duty. Hollings's proposal granted deferments "to people on active duty, in the reserves or in advancedReserve Officers Training Corps study; surviving sons or brothers of those killed in war or missing in action; conscientious objectors and ministers; doctors and others in vital health professions, and judges of courts of record and elected officials". Hollings stated that recruiting for the armed forces had fallen short of requirements by an estimated 23,000 people in 1979 and that he believed the draft applying to women "should be across the board" due to the issue continuing to be debated between the public and the courts.[43]
In 1981, Hollings apologized to fellow Democratic U.S. Senate memberHoward Metzenbaum of Ohio after Hollings referred to him as the "senator fromB'nai B'rith" on the floor. Metzenbaum, who was Jewish, raised aquestion of privilege and Hollings's remarks were stricken from the record.[44]
In March 1985, the Senate Budget Committee approved a proposal sponsored by Hollings freezing military spending by not allowing any growth above inflation in fiscal year 1986 and bestowing three percent hikes in the following two years, Hollings after the vote saying that a pattern had been set for similar action on other budget items and predicted that the Budget Committee would also go against another Reagan administration supported position by freezing Social Security cost of living increases.[45]
On May 1, 1985, theUnited States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation rejected an amendment to a bill reauthorizing theFederal Communications Commission prohibiting public television stations from swapping channels with commercial stations, Hollings afterward stating that the vote was "a tragic abdication by Congress of its over 60-year-old responsibility to protect the public's interest in broadcasting".[46]
In October 1985, Hollings and Republican United States Senate membersPhil Gramm ofTexas andWarren Rudman ofNew Hampshire sponsored an amendment to establish a budget deficit ceiling that would decline to zero by 1991 that was attached to a bill raising thedebt limit of the national government by more than $250 billion. The amendment was approved by a vote of 75 to 24 and was stated as a possible prelude to a balanced budget in five years without a tax increase byUnited States Secretary of the TreasuryJames Baker.[47]
During the1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Hollings endorsedJesse Jackson.[48]
In October 1989, Hollings announced from his Washington office that he would request theUnited States Government Accountability Office investigate efforts by theFederal Emergency Management Agency to provide timely assistance and funds to victims ofHurricane Hugo the previous month. Hollings charged FEMA with "stonewalling, fretting and filling out forms" and called on the federal government to become more active in trying to relieve areas devastated by Hurricane Hugo.[49]
In April 1990, Hollings planned the compiling of the Senate Budget Committee to vote on a cut in theFederal Insurance Contributions Act, an idea initially forwarded at the end of the previous year by fellow Democratic senatorDaniel Patrick Moynihan as a way of making Congress address what he considered to be a serious problem in the management of the Social Security trust funds. Hollings sought a revenue figure which reflected the $36 billion tax cut through a rollback of Social Security payroll taxes increases that were scheduled to take effect January 1 and confirmed he would ask his colleagues on the budget committee to remove the trust funds from the budget deficit calculation and vote on the 1991 budget including a $300 billion deficit. Hollings's plan included a five percentvalue-added tax on goods and services in addition to a ten percent oil import fee as well as an increase in the top income tax rate to thirty-three percent among wealthiest taxpayers. The goal was considered an uphill battle where Hollings could be outmaneuvered in committee with parliamentary tactics that would result in the precluding of a straight up-or-down vote on the Social Security tax cut. Acknowledging this, Hollings said, "They may try to block me. But we will find a bill by God to cut Social Security taxes. There will be a vote."[50]
In January 1991, Hollings joined most Democratic senators in voting against a resolution authorizing war against Iraq.[51]
In 1993, Hollings told reporters he attended international summits because, "Everybody likes to go toGeneva. I used to do it for theUnited States Convention on the Law of the Sea conferences and you'd find those potentates from down inAfrica, you know, rather than eating each other, they'd just come up and get a good square meal in Geneva."[44] Hollings had previously caused controversy when responding toYoshio Sakurauchi's commentary that Americans are lazy and illiterate. Hollings replied, "You should draw a mushroom cloud and put underneath it, 'Made in America by lazy and illiterate Americans and tested in Japan'."[44]
Hollings remained very popular in South Carolina over the years, even as the state became increasingly friendly to Republicans at the national level. In his first three bids for a full term, he never won less than 60 percent of the vote. In1992, however, he faced an unexpectedly close race against former U.S. House of Representatives memberThomas F. Hartnett in what was otherwise a very good year for Democrats nationally. Hartnett had represented the Charleston area in Congress from 1981 to 1987, thus making him Hollings's congressman. His appeal in theSouth Carolina Lowcountry – traditionally a swing region at the state level – enabled him to hold Hollings to only fifty percent of the vote.
In his last Senate race in1998, Hollings facedRepublican U.S. House of Representatives memberBob Inglis. One of the more heated moments of the race was a newspaper interview in which Hollings referred to Inglis as a "goddamn skunk". Hollings was re-elected by 75,139 votes.
On January 7, 2003, Hollings introduced the controversial Universal National Service Act of 2006, which would require all men and women aged 18–26 (with some exceptions) to perform a year of military service.
By 2003, Hollings realized that no Democrat could win statewide office in South Carolina's current political climate—not even as entrenched an incumbent as himself. On August 4, 2003, he announced that he would not run for re-election in2004. RepublicanJim DeMint, who was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives member from 1999 to 2005, succeeded him.
In his later career, Hollings was moderate politically but was supportive of manycivil and political rights bills. In 1982, he voted for re-authorizing theVoting Rights Act of 1965. However, in 1967 he was one of the 11 U.S. Senate members who voted against the confirmation ofThurgood Marshall, the first blackSupreme Court of the United States justice.[52] Hollings later voted in favor of the unsuccessfulRobert Bork Supreme Court nomination and also for the successfulClarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination.
On fiscal issues, he was generally conservative, and was one of the primary sponsors of theGramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Act, an attempt to enforce limits on government spending.
Hollings andHowell Heflin ofAlabama were the only two Democratic U.S. Senate members to vote against theFamily and Medical Leave Act of 1993.[53]
As a senator, Hollings supported legislation in the interests of the established media distribution industry (such as the proposed "Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act"). His hard-line support of variousclient-serve model computer restrictions such asDigital rights management andTrusted Computing led the Fritz chip (Trusted Platform Module, a microchip that enforces such restrictions) to be nicknamed after him. Hollings introduced theConsumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act, a draft of the later CBDTPA, which would have mandated "manufacturers of all electronic devices and software to embed government approved copy protection technology in their products".[54][55] Hollings also sponsored the Online Personal Privacy Act.[56][57] According toOpenSecrets, between 1997 and 2002, Hollings received more than $300,000 from the entertainment industry.[58][59]
Hollings was referred to as the "Senator from Disney" for his lobbying on behalf of the entertainment industry, including industry groups like theRecording Industry Association of America and theMotion Picture Association.[60][55][61][62]
In retirement, Hollings wrote opinion editorials for newspapers in South Carolina and was a regular contributor to theHuffPost. His opinion editorials were also published every week in EconomyInCrisis.org, an independent protectionist news blog. In 2008, theUniversity of South Carolina Press publishedMaking Government Work, a book authored by Hollings with Washington, D.C., journalist Kirk Victor, imparting Hollings' view on the changes needed in Washington. Among other things, the book recommended a dramatic decrease in the amount of campaign spending. It also attackedfree trade policies as inherently destructive, suggesting that certain protectionist measures built the United States and that only a few parties actually benefited from free trade, such as large manufacturing corporations.[64]
The Hollings Cancer Center at theMedical University of South Carolina, in Charleston, was established in 1993.[65]
Hollings started the Hollings Scholarship in 2005. It gave more than a hundred undergraduates from around the country a ten-week internship with theNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and a monetary scholarship for the school year.
Hollings helped to establish theHollings Center for International Dialogue, an organization that promotes dialogue between the United States andTurkey, the nations of the Middle East, North Africa, and Southwest Asia, and other countries with predominantly Muslim populations in order to open channels of communication, deepen cross-cultural understanding, expand people-to-people contacts, and generate new thinking on important international issues.
Hollings was also on the board of advisors as a distinguished visiting professor of Law with theCharleston School of Law.[66] He delivered the commencement address to the first graduating class there on May 19, 2007.[67][68]
In 2008, theUniversity of South Carolina announced their new library would be named The Ernest F. Hollings Special Collections Library.[69] The $18-million library was built behind theThomas Cooper Library and is home to The Irvin Department of Rare Books & Special Collections, South Carolina Political Collections, and Digital Collections.[70] It is also home to the Dorothy B. Smith Reading Room.
On April 6, 2019, Hollings died at the age of 97 at his home inIsle of Palms, South Carolina, following a period of declining health. Former U.S. Senate memberJoe Biden ofDelaware, who was U.S. Vice President from 2009 to 2017, and later U.S. President from 2021 to 2025, delivered the eulogy at his funeral.[1][71]
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| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Fritz Hollings | 223,790 | 51.35 | ||
| Republican | Marshall Parker | 212,032 | 48.65 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Fritz Hollings (incumbent) | 404,060 | 61.89 | ||
| Republican | Marshall Parker | 248,780 | 38.11 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Fritz Hollings (incumbent) | 356,126 | 69.50 | ||
| Republican | Gwen Bush | 146,645 | 28.62 | ||
| Independent | Harold Hough | 9,626 | 1.88 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Fritz Hollings (incumbent) | 612,556 | 70.37 | ||
| Republican | Marshall Mays | 257,946 | 29.63 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Fritz Hollings (incumbent) | 463,354 | 63.10 | ||
| Republican | Henry McMaster | 261,394 | 35.60 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Fritz Hollings (incumbent) | 591,030 | 50.07 | ||
| Republican | Thomas Hartnett | 554,175 | 46.95 | ||
| Libertarian | Mark Johnson | 22,962 | 1.95 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Fritz Hollings (incumbent) | 562,791 | 52.68 | ||
| Republican | Bob Inglis | 488,132 | 45.69 | ||
| Libertarian | Richard T. Quillian | 16,987 | 1.59 | ||
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)Hollings' tireless advocacy on behalf of the content industry also earned him an unflattering sobriquet: 'the senator from Disney'.
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