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Fried rice

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Asian rice dish
For the Middle Eastern and Central Asian rice dish, seePilaf.
For the Cameroonian dish, seeJollof rice § Cameroon.
Fried rice
Thai-style seafood fried rice
Alternative names
List
  • arroz mamposteao – Puerto Rican Spanish
  • arroz frito – Philippine Spanish
  • bai cha (បាយឆា) – Khmer
  • bokkeum-bap (볶음밥) – Korean
  • bhuteko bhat (भुटेको भात) – Nepalese
  • yakimeshi (焼飯) – Japanese
  • chǎofàn (炒饭(s);炒飯(t)) – Chinese
  • chaulafan – Ecuadorian Spanish
  • chaufa – Peruvian Spanish
  • cơm chiên,cơm rang – Vietnamese
  • htamin gyaw (ထမင်းကြော်) – Burmese
  • khao pad (ข้าวผัด) – Thai
  • nasi goreng – Indonesian/Malay
  • sinangág – Tagalog
  • sinanlag – Cebuano
  • singlé násî - Kapampángan
TypeRice dish
CourseMain course
Place of originChina
Region or stateWorldwide
Main ingredientsCooked rice,cooking oil
VariationsBokkeum-bap
Chāhan
Chǎo fàn
Khao phat
Nasi goreng
Arroz chaufa,Peruvian-Chinese fried rice
Koreankimchi-bokkeum-bap

Fried rice is a dish ofcooked rice that has beenstir-fried in awok or afrying pan and is usually mixed with other ingredients such aseggs,vegetables,seafood, ormeat. It is often eaten by itself or as an accompaniment to another dish. Fried rice is a popular component ofEast Asian,Southeast Asian and certainSouth Asian cuisines, as well as a staplenational dish ofIndonesia. As a homemade dish, fried rice is typically made with ingredientsleft over from other dishes, leading to countless variations. Fried rice first developed during theSui dynasty inChina.[1]

Many varieties of fried rice have their own specific list of ingredients. In China, common varieties includeYangzhou fried rice andHokkien fried rice. Japanesechāhan is considered aJapanese Chinese dish, having derived from Chinese fried rice dishes. In Southeast Asia, similarly constructedIndonesian,Malaysian, andSingaporeannasi goreng and Thaikhao phat are popular dishes. In the West, most restaurants catering to vegetarians have invented their own varieties of fried rice, including egg fried rice. Fried rice is also seen on the menus of non-Asian countries’ restaurants offering cuisines with no native tradition of the dish. Additionally, the cuisine of some Latin American countries includes variations on fried rice, including Ecuadorianchaulafan, Peruvianarroz chaufa, Cubanarroz frito, and Puerto Ricanarroz mampostea(d)o.

Fried rice is a commonstreet food in Asia and other parts of the world. In some Asian countries, small restaurants, street vendors and traveling hawkers specialise in serving fried rice. In Indonesian cities it is common to find fried rice street vendors stationing their food carts in busy streets or residential areas. ManySoutheast Asian street food stands offer fried rice with a selection of optional garnishes and side dishes.

Preparation

[edit]
Video depicting preparation of Chinese fried rice

Cooked rice is the primary ingredient, with a wide variety of additional ingredients, such as vegetables,eggs,meat (chicken,beef,pork,lamb,mutton), preserved meat (bacon,ham,sausage), seafood (fish,shrimp,crab), andmushrooms. Aromatics such asonions,shallots,scallions,leeks, ginger andgarlic are often added for extra flavor.Cooking oils such asvegetable oil,sesame oil,clarified butter, orlard can be used to grease thewok orfrying pan to prevent sticking, as well as for flavor. Fried rice dishes can be seasoned with salt, different types ofsoy sauce,oyster sauce,teriyaki sauce and many other sauces and spices. Popular garnishes include choppedscallions, slicedchili, friedshallots, sprigs ofparsley orcoriander leaves, mint leaves, sliced boiled eggs, toastedsesame seeds, seaweed flakes (gim ornori), sliced cucumber, tomato, lime, or pickled vegetables.

Made of fresh rice can prevent it from frying properly, leading to an undesirably soft texture.

History

[edit]
Main article:Chinese fried rice § History

The earliest record of fried rice is in theSui dynasty (589–618 AD) in China.[2]

Varieties

[edit]

East Asia

[edit]

China

[edit]
Yángzhōu chǎofàn in Hong Kong, the most popularChinese fried rice
Main article:Chinese fried rice
  • Hokkien (or Fujian) fried rice (福建炒飯), a variation ofChinese fried rice, is from the Fujian region of China; it has a thick sauce poured and mixed over it which can include mushrooms, meat, vegetables, and other ingredients.
  • Sichuan fried rice (四川炒飯) is a spicy stir-fried rice fromSichuan which usesdoubanjiang chili sauce with garlic, green onions, and red onion.[3]
  • Yin-yang fried rice (鴛鴦炒飯) is topped with two different types of sauce, typically a savory white sauce on one half and a red tomato-based sauce on the other half. Elaborate versions use the sauces to create ayin-yang symbol.
  • Yeung chow (or Yangzhou) fried rice (揚州炒飯) consists of generous portions of shrimp and scrambled egg, along with barbecued pork. This is the most popular fried rice served in Chinese restaurants, commonly referred to simply as "special fried rice" or "house fried rice".

Japan

[edit]
Chāhan,Japanese-Chinese fried rice
  • Chāhan (チャーハン) oryakimeshi (焼飯) is a Chinese-derived fried rice suited to Japanese tastes by the addition ofkatsuobushi for flavor, prepared with a variety of ingredients.
  • Omurice is fried rice wrapped inside an egg omelette. The fried rice is generally mixed with a variety of vegetables and meat. Often a variant called "chicken rice" (チキンライス chikinraisu) is used.Ketchup or some othertomato sauce is added to make this.

Korea

[edit]
Kimchi-bokkeum-bap

Southeast Asia

[edit]

Cambodia

[edit]
Cambodian seafood fried rice
  • Bai cha (បាយឆា) is theCambodian variation of fried rice and usually includes pork, sausages, eggs, garlic, soy sauce, and herbs.[6] There are numerous variations of the dish in Cambodia, includingbai cha kapi (បាយឆាកាពិ) made with shrimp andshrimp paste (kapi).[7]

Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore

[edit]
Indonesiannasi goreng with chicken,fried egg,prawn cracker and vegetables
  • Nasi goreng means fried rice inIndonesian andMalay languages. It is one of five national dish of Indonesia.[8] It is distinguished from other Asian fried rice recipes through the widespread use of sweet soy sauce (kecap manis) and ground shrimp paste. It is often accompanied by additional items such as a fried egg, fried chicken,satay, and condiments such assambal,acar, andkrupuk. It is endemic to Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, and is also popular in theNetherlands.
  • Nasi goreng jawa, which means "Javanese fried rice", commonly includessambal ulek as aseasoning and has a spicy flavor.[9][10]
  • Nasi goreng pattaya is Malaysian-stylenasi goreng wrapped inside an egg omelette. The fried rice is generally mixed with a variety of vegetables and meat and garnished withtomato sauce. In Indonesia, the dish is callednasi goreng amplop.
  • Nasi goreng ikan asin is fried rice with salted fish.
  • Sambal fried rice, found inSingapore, is a variation of fried rice made withsambal, a condiment based on chilis andbelachan, derived fromIndonesian andMalaysian influences.
  • Nasi goreng kambing, anIndonesian variety of fried rice including goat or lamb, is made with spices such as bay leaves, cloves, cardamom, and cumin. It is accompanied withacar, andkrupuk. It is derived fromArab influences.[11]

Myanmar

[edit]
Main article:Burmese fried rice
  • Burmese fried rice (ထမင်း‌ကြော်,htamin gyaw) normally uses Burmese fragrant short grain rice (rounder and shorter than other varieties). A popular plain version consists of rice, boiled peas, onions, garlic, and dark soy sauce. An accompanying condiment could bengapi kyaw (fried fish paste with shredded flakes) and fresh cucumber strips mixed with chopped onions, greenchili, and vinegar.

Philippines

[edit]
Filipinosinangag, also commonly known as "garlic fried rice"
  • Aligue rice, also known as "crab fat fried rice" or "aligue fried rice", is similar tosinangág, but with the notable addition ofaligue (crab fat paste), which turns the dish a vivid orange-yellow. It can be combined with seafood like shrimp and squid and eaten as is, or eaten paired with meat dishes.[12]
  • Bagoong fried rice is a type ofFilipino fried rice usingbagoong alamang (shrimp paste) as its main flavoring agent. Meat, scallions, as well as green mangoes are optionally additions.
  • Java rice, also called "yellow fried rice", is aFilipino fried rice dish characterized by its yellow-orange color due to the use ofturmeric orannatto. It is commonly seasoned withpimiento, bell peppers, paprika or tomato ketchup. It is usually eaten withchicken barbecue (inihaw) dishes.[13]
  • Morisqueta tostada, sometimes called "Spanish-style fried rice", is a very old colonial-eraChinese Filipino fried rice recipe with Spanish influences. The name of the dish translates to "toasted boiled rice" inChavacano. It is characterized by the addition of sausage (chorizo de bilbao,chorizo de macao, orChinese sausage),ham,shrimp, and spring onions.[14]
  • Sinangág, also called "garlic fried rice", is aFilipino fried rice cooked by stir-frying pre-cooked rice with garlic. The rice used is preferably stale, usually leftover cooked rice from the previous day, as it results in rice that is slightly fermented and firmer. It is garnished with toasted garlic, salt, and black pepper. The rice grains are ideally loose and do not stick together.[15]
Sinangág is rarely eaten on its own, but is usually paired with a "dry" meat dish liketocino,longganisa,tapa, orspam. Unlike other types of fried rice, it does not normally use ingredients other than garlic, so it does not overwhelm the flavour of the main dish. When they do use other ingredients, the most common additions are scrambled eggs, chopped scallions, and cubed carrots. Cashews might also be added.Sinangág is a common part of a traditional Filipino breakfast, and it usually prepared with leftover rice from the dinner before. It is one of the components of thetapsilog breakfast and its derivatives.[15]

Thailand

[edit]
Main article:Thai fried rice
Khao phat thale, seafood fried rice

Fried rice (Thai:ข้าวผัด,RTGSkhao phat,pronounced[kʰâ(ː)wpʰàt]) in Thailand is typical of centralThai cuisine. InThai,khao means "rice" andphat means "of or relating to beingstir-fried". This dish differs from Chinese fried rice in that it is prepared with Thaijasmine rice instead of regular long-grain rice. It normally contains meat (chicken,shrimp, pork, andcrab are all common),egg,onions,garlic and sometimestomatoes. The seasonings, which may includesoy sauce, sugar, salt, possibly somechili sauce, and the ubiquitousnam pla (fish sauce), are stir-fried together with the other ingredients. The dish is then plated and served with accompaniments likecucumber slices, tomato slices,lime, sprigs ofgreen onion andcoriander, andprik nam pla, a spicy sauce made ofThai chili,fish sauce, and chopped garlic.

Vietnam

[edit]
Cơm chiên, Da Nang, Vietnam
A plate of homemade cơm rang
Cơm rang with eggs
Mixed cơm chiên

South Asia

[edit]

India

[edit]
  • Fried rice is one of the most popular dishes ofIndian Chinese cuisine in India.
  • Curry fried rice is standard fried rice mixed withcurry powder for a spicier flavor.
  • Tavapulav or tawa pulao is a fried rice dish from Mumbai.[18][19]
  • Chicken fried rice is fried rice with chicken pieces made in huge pan.

Nepal

[edit]
  • Bhuteko bhat (भुटेको भात) is aNepalese version of fried rice generally eaten withAchar; However, curry and dhal may also be served alongside it.[20]

Sri Lanka

[edit]
Sri Lankannasi goreng served with a fried egg
  • Sri Lankan fried rice (Sinhala:ෆ්රයිඩ් රයිස්), (Tamil:வறுத்த அரிசி) is aSri Lankan variation of the original Chinese version. However,basmati or other native varieties of rice are used and Sri Lankan spices are also added to it.[21][22]
  • Nasi goreng (Sinhala:නාසි ගොරේන්) is a popular fried rice dish widely eaten throughout the country. It entered Sri Lankan cuisine through cultural influences from theMalay andIndonesian cuisines.[23]

Pacific

[edit]

Hawaii

[edit]
  • Hawaiian fried rice is a common style of fried rice inHawaii usually containing egg, green onions, peas, cubed carrots, and eitherPortuguese sausage orSpam, or both, and is sometimes available with kimchi added. It is normally cooked insesame oil.

Americas

[edit]

Arroz frito is a denomination used in theSpanish speaking world, meaning "fried rice", with adjectives describing the Chinese-inspired varieties, e.g.arroz chino, arroz cantonés, or local specialtiesarroz chaufa/chaulafán/chaufán/chofán, arroz frito tres delicias.

  • Bacon and egg fried rice[24]

Ecuador

[edit]
Chaulafan de Pollo (Ecuadorian chicken fried rice)
  • Chaulafan is the name for Chinese fried rice inEcuador. In Ecuador and Peru,dark soy sauce is preferred in fried rice. Meats typically used are pork, beef, chicken or fish/seafood (e.g. shrimp).

Cuba

[edit]
Arroz frito, Cuban-Chinese fried rice
  • Arroz frito (Cuban fried rice) is very similar to "special fried rice". It can be found alongside typicalcriollo dishes in manyCuban restaurants. This dish features ham, grilled pork, shrimp, chicken, and eggs, along with a variety of vegetables. Some restaurants addlechón (Cuban-style suckling pig), lobster tails, or crab.Chinese Cubans are responsible for the dish's introduction.

Dominican Republic

[edit]

An estimated 30,000 people of Chinese origin live in theDominican Republic. Migration from China began in the second half of the 19th century. Dominican fried rice is known aschofán. The dish is made with leftover rice, celery, garlic, bell peppers, red onion, carrots, peas, and soy sauce sautéed in vegetable oil. Protein such as ham, chicken, eggs or shrimp can be added. What makes Dominican chofán distinct from other fried rice dish is the use oflippia (Jamaican oregano) andbouillon cube.

Peru

[edit]
  • Arroz chaufa is a popular name for Chinese fried rice inPeru, belonging to thechifa kitchen. InChile, it is calledarroz chaufán. The most common varieties are made using the same ingredients used in China. Some exotic versions may use dried meat, beef tongue, alligator, or lizard in place of more traditional meats. In some regions, the rice is replaced with quinoa or pearled wheat, while in others the rice is mixed with noodles.Aeropuerto is a big Peruvian arroz chaufa dish containingfried noodles and many other additions.

Puerto Rico

[edit]
  • Arroz mamposteao is a kind of fried rice inPuerto Rico. It was brought to the island by Chinese immigrants and is usually made with leftover rice and typically Asian ingredients such as bean sprouts, ginger, garlic, soy sauce, combined with popular Puerto Rican ingredients such as red beans, sweet plantains, squash, bacon,longaniza, and variety of vegetables. Puerto Rican fried rice is usually garnished with sesame seeds, avocado, cilantro, cheese oraioli. Left over stew beans can also be added. The beans are typically stewed insofrito, tomato sauce, spices, pork, potatoes and other ingredients.

Africa

[edit]
See also:Jollof rice

Ghana

[edit]

Ghanaian fried rice is one of the more contemporary dishes and can be found in almost every Ghanaian restaurant. It is usually made with Jasmine rice, long grain, or basmati rice. The rice is stir-fried with vegetables(carrots, spring onions, peas, green and red bell peppers), eggs, meats of choice(chicken, beef, shrimp), and spices like chili, curry powder, and salt. The sauces mixed with Ghanaian fried rice are usually soy sauce and chicken broth. It's usually served with Shito (Pepper Sauce)

Nigeria

[edit]

Nigerian fried rice is made withparboiled rice (whether of the standard long-grain or Golden-Sella-basmati varieties), diced fried cow liver (optional) or shrimp, protein (chicken, pork, or shrimp), vegetables (such as carrots, peas, green beans, onions, and chillies), herbs and spices (such as thyme, pepper, and curry powder), and so on.

Tanzania

[edit]

Tanzania fried rice is made with long-grain rice, protein (such as beef liver, chicken, or shrimp), vegetables (such as carrots, peas, green beans, onions, and chillies), herbs and spices (such as thyme, pepper, and curry powder), and so on.

Gallery

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See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Bruce Kraig; Colleen Taylor Sen (2013).Street Food Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 183.ISBN 9781598849554.
  2. ^"Chinese Fried Rice".iFood.tv.
  3. ^"Szechuan Fried Rice".China Sichuan Food. 16 November 2014.
  4. ^(in Korean)"볶음-밥".Standard Korean Language Dictionary.National Institute of Korean Language. Archived fromthe original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved4 March 2017.
  5. ^Kim, Keith (29 March 2012)."10 of Seoul's Most Famous and Popular Galbi Restaurants".Seoulistic. Retrieved4 March 2017.
  6. ^Carter, Terence."Cambodian Fried Rice Recipe – How to Make the Best Bai Cha".Grantourismo Travels. Retrieved25 October 2019.
  7. ^Dunston, Lara (14 September 2020)."Shrimp Fried Rice With Shrimp Paste Recipe for Cambodia's Bai Cha Kapi".Grantourismo Travels. Retrieved7 January 2021.
  8. ^Senja, Anggita Muslimah Maulidya Prahara. Nursastri, Sri Anindiati (ed.)."Kemenpar Tetapkan 5 Makanan Nasional Indonesia, Ini Daftarnya - Kompas.com".KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian).Jakarta: Kompas Cyber Media. Retrieved2018-04-18.
  9. ^"Resep Cara Membuat Nasi Goreng Jawa Pedas Lezat".fimela.com. 9 September 2017.
  10. ^"Javanese Fried Rice - Kitchenesia".kitchenesia.grid.id.
  11. ^"Nasi Goreng Kambing Ala Kebon Sirih".
  12. ^"Crab Fat or Aligue Fried Rice".Kusina ni Teds. 3 July 2016. Retrieved10 April 2020.
  13. ^"How to Make Yellow Fried Rice (Java Rice)".Manila Spoon. 24 June 2020. Retrieved8 January 2024.
  14. ^"Morisqueta Tostada".Ang Sarap. 22 March 2021. Retrieved6 January 2024.
  15. ^abVanjo Merano (30 July 2014)."Sinangag Recipe".Panlasang Pinoy. Retrieved8 December 2014.
  16. ^Dy Zulueta, Dolly (August 18, 2024)."Classic Adobo Rice".The Philippine Star. RetrievedAugust 19, 2024.
  17. ^Fokno, Magdalena (October 4, 2024)."Baguio restaurants feed 16,000 in giant fried rice feast".Rappler. RetrievedOctober 5, 2024.
  18. ^Goyal Siraj, Ashima (15 June 2015)."Express Recipes: How to make Mumbai style Tawa Pulao".The Indian Express. Retrieved18 August 2019.
  19. ^Gomes, Michael (3 January 2019)."How about some street food for brunch?".Khaleej Times. Retrieved18 August 2019.
  20. ^"Bhuteko Bhat – We All Nepali".weallnepali.com. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved29 August 2015.
  21. ^"Fried rice".wordpress.com. 8 August 2013. Retrieved29 August 2015.
  22. ^"Sri Lankan Food: 40 of the Island's Best Dishes".Migrationology.com/. Archived fromthe original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved4 January 2016.
  23. ^Cassim, Aysha Maryam (17 August 2016)."ශ්‍රී ලාංකික ආහාර සංස්කෘතිය වර්ණවත් කළ පෙර අපර දෙදිග රජබොජුන්".roar.media (in Sinhala). Roar. Retrieved16 June 2018.
  24. ^"Bacon and Egg Fried Rice".Washington Post. Retrieved15 February 2021.
  25. ^"Schezwan fried rice recipe - How to make schezwan fried rice". 4 August 2015.
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