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TheFresno scraper is a machine pulled by horses used for constructing canals and ditches in sandy soil. The design of the Fresno scraper forms the basis of most modernearthmovingscrapers, having the ability to scrape and move a quantity of soil, and also to discharge it at a controlled depth, thus quadrupling the volume which could be handled manually.
The Fresno scraper was invented in 1883 byJames Porteous. Working with farmers inFresno, California, he had recognised the dependence of the Central San Joaquin Valley onirrigation, and the need for a more efficient means of constructing canals and ditches in thesandysoil. In perfecting the design of his machine, Porteous made several revisions on his own and also traded ideas withWilliam Deidrick,Frank Dusy, andAbijah McCall, who invented and held patents on similar scrapers. Porteous bought the patents held by Deidrick, Dusy, and McCall, gaining sole rights to the Fresno Scraper.
Prior scrapers pushed the soil ahead of them, while the Fresno scraper lifted it into a C-shaped bowl where it could be dragged along with much less friction. By lifting the handle, the operator could cause the scraper to bite deeper. Once soil was gathered, the handle could be lowered to raise the blade off the ground so it could be dragged to a low spot, and dumped by raising the handle very high.
This design was so revolutionary and economical that it influenced the design of modernbulldozer blades and earth movers.
Between 1884 and 1910, thousands of Fresno scrapers were produced at the Fresno Agricultural Works, which had been formed by Porteous and used in agriculture, land leveling, road and railroad grading, and theconstruction industry. They played a vital role in the construction of thePanama Canal and later served theUS Army inWorld War I.
It was one of the most important agricultural and civil engineering machines ever made. In 1991, the Fresno Scraper was designated as an International Historic Engineering Landmark by theAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers. It is currently displayed at the San Joaquin County Historical Society & Museum.