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| Abbreviation | FPF |
|---|---|
| Formation | December 17, 2012; 12 years ago (2012-12-17) |
| Type | Non-governmental organization |
| Purpose | Freedom of the press andFreedom of speech funding |
Region served | Global |
Key people | |
| Affiliations | Electronic Frontier Foundation[1] |
| Revenue | $16.8 million[2] (2023) |
| Expenses | $11.0 million[2] (2023) |
| Website | freedom |
Freedom of the Press Foundation (FPF) is an Americannon-profit organization founded in 2012 to fund and supportfree speech andfreedom of the press. The organization originally managed crowd-funding campaigns for independent journalistic organizations, but now pursues technical projects to support journalists' digital security and conducts legal advocacy for journalists.
The foundation'sSecureDrop platform aims to allow confidential and secure communication between journalists and their sources. It has been adopted by more than 65 news organizations globally.[3] It also manages theU.S. Press Freedom Tracker, a database of press freedom violations in the United States.[4]
The organization's board of directors has included prominent journalists and whistleblowers such asDaniel Ellsberg,Laura Poitras,Glenn Greenwald, andXeni Jardin, as well as activists, celebrities, and filmmakers. NSA whistleblowerEdward Snowden joined FPF's board of directors in 2014[5] and began serving as its president in early 2016.[6] Jardin left the board in 2016.[7]
The organization's founding was inspired by theWikiLeaks financial blockade.[8] In late 2012, FPF's launch re-enabled donations to WikiLeaks viaVisa,MasterCard, andPayPal, after the payment processors cut off WikiLeaks in late 2010.[9] In December 2017, after five years of processing donations on behalf of WikiLeaks, FPF's board unanimously found that the blockade was no longer in effect, and severed ties with WikiLeaks as of January 8, 2018.[10][11]
FPF has also crowd-funded support for a variety of other transparency journalism organizations, as well as encryption tools used by journalists, including:WikiLeaks,MuckRock, theNational Security Archive,The UpTake, TheBureau of Investigative Journalism, theCenter for Public Integrity,Truthout, the LEAP Encryption Access Project,Open Whisper Systems,Tails, and theTor Project.[12][13]
In May 2013, FPF raised over $100,000 in online donations to hire a professional court stenographer to take transcripts during the trial of whistleblowerChelsea Manning after the government refused to make its transcripts available to the public.[14] They posted the transcripts online at the end of each day of the trial for members of the media to use in their reports. Secrecy expertSteven Aftergood later called the crowd-funding effort "unprecedented", saying "it eloquently demonstrated public expectations of openness...the court and the prosecutors may have been shamed into reconsidering their habitual secrecy."[15]
In October 2014, FPF raised over $28,000 for New Zealand independent journalistNicky Hager to fund his legal challenge against the government of New Zealand after his house was raided by police. The raid reportedly was an attempt to uncover one or more of Hager's anonymous sources used in his bookDirty Politics.[16] A court later ruled the raid of Hager's house was illegal.[17]
In 2015, FPF raised more than $125,000 in online donations for Chelsea Manning's legal defense stemming from her conviction under the Espionage Act for leaking information to WikiLeaks.[18] Notwithstanding the January 2017 commutation of her sentence and May 2017 release from prison, Manning's military appeal is ongoing.[19]
As of June 2018, FPF accepts donations with crypto-currencies.[20] On April 16, 2021, Edward Snowden raised 2,224 ETH (around $5.4 million) to benefit Freedom of the Press Foundation through the sale of an NFT on foundation.app. This signed work, titled "Stay Free", combines the entirety of a landmark court decision ruling the National Security Agency'smass surveillance violated the law, with the portrait of the whistleblower by Platon.[21] This is the largest donation in the history of the organization.
In October 2013, FPF took over the development ofSecureDrop, afree software whistleblower submission system developed in part by the late programmer and transparency activistAaron Swartz.[22] Swartz developed SecureDrop withKevin Poulsen andJames Dolan. Dolan moved it to FPF upon the death of Swartz.[23] The SecureDrop system facilitates anonymous communication between two parties using theTor Network, and allows whistleblowers to contact journalists without ever exchanging one another's identities or contact information.
The system is now in use at more than 65 news organizations,[3] includingThe New York Times,The Washington Post,The Guardian,ProPublica,HuffPost,NBC News, andThe Intercept.[24] According to a study done by theColumbia Journalism School, it has since successfully led to the publication of many stories at the news organizations that use it.[25]
FPF also teaches journalists how to use other encryption methods and digital security tools to better protect their sources.
In collaboration withThe Guardian Project, FPF released afree and open-source mobile app namedHaven in 2017. Haven turns an Android device into a security sensor and, optionally, alerts the device owner to activity occurring in its vicinity.[26]
In 2022, FPF took over the development of Dangerzone, a free software tool that converts potentially harmful documents into safePDF files.[27][28]
Freedom of the Press Foundation has been involved in severalFreedom of Information Act cases surrounding journalists' rights and government transparency.
In January 2016, FPF's lawsuit against theJustice Department revealed that the US government has secret rules for targeting journalists withNational Security Letters (NSLs) andFISA court orders.[29]
In March 2016, another FPF lawsuit showed that theObama administration secretly lobbied against bipartisanFreedom of Information Act reform in Congress, despite the bill being based word-for-word on the Obama administration's supposed transparency guidelines.[30]
FPF co-founders Daniel Ellsberg,John Perry Barlow, Trevor Timm, and Rainey Reitman won the 2013Hugh HefnerFirst Amendment award for their role in founding FPF.[31] The organization was the recipient of theSociety of Professional Journalists' James Madison award in 2016.[32]
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