A chara:Irish meaning literally "Dear friend". Often used to start official communications, even in English.
Alley: the court inGaelic handball, often measuring 12.2 m by 6.1 m (40 feet by 20 feet).
All-Ireland: Adjective describing a competition, such as theAll-Ireland Senior Football Championship, run by the GAA and whose winners become national champions at the grade of that competition.The All-Ireland can refer to an already mentioned All-Ireland championship; more generally it can refer to theAll-Ireland Senior Football orHurling Championship.
Backdoor: Adjective describing a "knockout" championship in which defeated teams are not immediately eliminated from the competition, and remain eligible to win (e.g. Offaly in the1998 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship). Such teams are said to re-enter the championshipthrough the back door.
Barracks games: (derogatory) nickname for "foreign sports" (see below) from their supposed connection with the British military. Also "the barracks" as in "go to the barracks" (i.e. watch one of the foreign sports).
Bas: The flattened, curved end head of a hurley, orcamán.
Big Alley: the 60x30 foot court, the indigenous handball alley.[6]
Black card: Card shown to a player who has committed a "cynical" foul. The player is sent off to a sin bin for 10 minutes and can return to the field after that.
Block: where one player prevents an opponent's strike by trapping the ball between his hurley and the opponent's swinging hurley.
Book: Seetick. Where the referee notes the name of a player, without giving a black, yellow, or red card. Akin to a warning.
Camóg: A stick as used incamogie. Shorter than the similar implement (hurley) used in hurling.
Camogie (camógaíocht): aversion of hurling, modified to suit women. A GAA coinage, from the Irish.
Captain: a player assigned additional responsibilities before, during and after a match.
Central Appeals Committee (CAC): Committee to which a unit or individual may bring their case if they are unsuccessful at the first hearing by the Central Hearings Committee (CHC).
Central Competitions Control Committee (CCCC): Committee which organises fixtures for competitions above provincial level and proposes suspensions, fines, etc. on units and individuals who, in their view, have broken the rules.
Central Hearings Committee (CHC): Committee to which a unit or individual first bring their case if they do not accept a penalty proposed by the Central Competitions Control Committee (CCCC).
Challenge match: A type of game, usually played independent of any organised tournament.
Cic Fada: A competition for Gaelic footballers based on accuracy of long kicking.
Club: the basic organisational unit of the GAA, at least one of which exists in most parishes throughout Ireland. Clubs are commonly named after either the home district, or a saint or national hero associated with that district. If the club fields teams only in Gaelic football, that name is followed by GFC (Gaelic Football Club); for hurling-only clubs it is HC (Hurling Club), but for clubs involved in two or more Gaelic sports the usual term is GAC (Gaelic Athletic Club). All clubs are controlled by locally elected volunteer committees.
Cluiche corr:rounders, the one Gaelic game widely adopted outside Ireland.
An Coiste Náisiunta: The National Executive.
Comhairle Cluiche Corr na hÉireann: Rounders Council of Ireland.
Corner back: Players who stand on either side of the full back, and who are defenders.
County: a geographic region within the GAA, controlled by a County Board (sometimes called County Committee). In Ireland, there are 32 of these, corresponding closely to the boundaries ofcounties currently or formerly used for administrative purposes (but not the newer administrative counties in the Republic). However, counties as used in Gaelic games sometimes admit into their competitions clubs from neighbouring administrative counties, so that theGaelic games county boundaries are more fluid than those used for government purposes. Most Gaelic games county names in Ireland are shared with current or former administrative counties, the sole exception at present being CountyDerry (the largely coterminous administrative county, abolished in 1973, wasCounty Londonderry). Outside Ireland, for GAA purposes "county" often refers to places which are not otherwise termed counties, e.g. entire countries such asScotland or American states such asNew York. Many county boards have subsidiary boards or committees for different regions within the Gaelic games county.
County colours: the colours of the kit worn by that county's representative team ininter-county competition.
County championship: A championship in football or hurling in a specific grade contested by clubs within acounty.
Croke Park (in IrishPáirc an Chrócaigh; colloquially "Croker" or "Headquarters"): The principal stadium and headquarters of theGaelic Athletic Association.
Cúige: Irish for a province, pluralcúigí.
Cumann: Irish for club, society or association, can be found in various compounds.
End line: The two shorter sides – the ends – of a football or hurling pitch, at the centre of which the goalposts are situated.
Extra time: If the score is level in a match after normal time, extra time may be played. Initially two ten minute periods of extra time are played each way. If the score is still level, a further two five minute periods of extra time may be played each way.
Féile na nGael: literally "Festival of the Gaels", an annual tournament comprising the sports of hurling, camogie and handball.
Féile Peile na nÓg: literally Festival of Youth Football, national festival of football for boys and girls under 14 years of age and is based on the GAA club unit.
Fetch: To catch the ball above one's head.
Football: Always Gaelic football.Association football is referred to as "soccer" in GAA terms – see foreign sports.
Foreign sports: A phrase in common usage used to describe non-gaelic field games such asassociation football,rugby union,rugby league,field hockey andcricket, particularly in the sense that they rivalled Gaelic games for popularity in Ireland during the formative years of the GAA. Officially, the GAA does not use this phrase – specific sports (such as association football and horse racing) are banned from GAA grounds.
Forty-five: Kick awarded in football to the attacking side 45 metres from the defending side's goal when a player for the defending side last touches the ball before it goes over that side's end line. Formerly known as afifty (45 metres is roughly equivalent to 50 yards).
40x20: The international code of handball, introduced from the USA.[6]
Four Codes: the four types of handball administered by the GAA, aka 40x20, 60x30, One Wall and Hardball.[6]
Free, Free-inor Free-out: normal means of restarting play by the non-offending team after a foul.
Free Taking Competition: If the score is level in a match after the two normal halves, two ten minute periods of extra time played each way may be played (depending on the rules for the relevant competition). If the score is still level after the first two halves of extra time, a further two five minute periods of extra time may be played. If the winner has not been determined by extra time, a free-taking competition may be held. Each team will nominate five players to take frees from their chosen position in front of the posts and with no defenders – on the forty five metre line in football and from the hands or from the ground, on the sixty five metre line in hurling. If the teams score an equal number of points from their five frees, the outcome of the match is decided by sudden death frees using the same nominated players in the same order.
Full-back: a defender in the number 3 position. Has a very important role, normally playing directly in front of the goal, and is the last line of defence in front of the goalkeeper.
Gaelic games: The sports of Gaelic football, hurling, camogie, Gaelic handball and rounders.
Goal: A score in football, hurling and camogie – worth three points, awarded when the ball legally crosses the goal line under the bar and between the posts.
Goalkeeper: a defender in the number 1 position. The last line of defence in football and hurling, part of whose role it is to prevent the opposition from scoring goals.
Golden score: A tie-breaking mechanism used in some knockout competitions. After a drawn game, play continues until one team scores a goal or a point; that team is the winner.[7][8][9]
Grade: A level at which a game or competition is played, based on age (e.g., Senior, Minor), ability (e.g. Senior, Junior), gender, etc. See Senior, Under-21 and Minor. A grade can also be split further, e.g. Senior A, Senior B.
Hand-pass: In hurling, football and camogie, when a ball is slapped with the palm of the hand, rather than throwing (which is illegal). Hand-passing may not be used to score goals, but may be used to score points.
Hardball: the most ancient form of handball.[6] It is also the fastest of the Four Codes.
Headquarters/HQ: Colloquial term forCroke Park, also known as "Croker".
Home final: In competitions in which an overseas team gets abye to the final, a final played between two teams from theisland of Ireland. The winning team then plays the overseas team in the final proper. For example, the1908 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship sawDublin beatKerry in the home final, before becoming All-Ireland champions by beatingLondon in the actual final, which was London's only game in that year's championship.
Hook: where a player approaches another player from a rear angle and attempts to catch the opponent's hurley with his own at the top of the swing.
Hurley: The stick or bat used inhurling, also known as acamán.
Intermediate: A grade, higher than junior, of competition for players not quite good enough to play atsenior level. Some championships have senior and junior – but no intermediate – equivalents, for example the All-Ireland Football Championships.
Mark: A free-kick designed to encourage kicking in Gaelic football. It is available to a player who catches a ball cleanly which has travelled 20m without touching the ground in two circumstances – Kickout Mark: when the kickout travels beyond the 45m line Advanced Mark: when an attacking player in play (ie. not from a free-kick) on or beyond the opposition's 45m line kicks a ball over the opposition's 45m line The player who catches the ball, either an attacker or defender, can signal his intent to stop and take the free-kick resulting from the mark by raising an arm or playing on immediately.
Official Guide (Treoraí Oifigiúil): The playing and organisational rules of the GAA. Part 1 contains the Association's constitution and rules, while Part 2 contains the playing rules of hurling and football.
Penalty shoot-out: Penalties may be taken in order to determine the winners if a game is level at the end of normal or extra time. Only goals count. Initially up to five penalties are taken by each team. If the number of goals scored from the five penalties are equal, sudden-death penalties are taken. A penalty shoot-out is sometimes used instead of afree-taking competition to determine the winners on the day.
Poc Fada: A nationalcompetition in hurling and camogie, won by striking (pucking) the ball the fewest times to cover a set distance.
Point: A score in football, camogie, ladies' football and hurling, awarded when the ball legally passes over the bar, between the posts. See alsogoal (above).
Pre-shoot position: In handball, this is a position six foot deeper into the court than where the ball was contacted.[12]
Puck, puckout: in hurling and camogie "puck" is an anglicisation of theonomatopoeic Irish wordpoc, meaning striking the ball with the stick. A puckout is when a goalkeeper pucks the ball back into play.
Red card: Card shown to a player who has been sent off for committing a serious foul, or who has been shown two yellow cards or a yellow card followed by a black card.
Shot anticipation: in handball, this is where you work out where the ball will bounce back to.[12]
Sidearm stroke: A stroke in handball, where the ball is hit from around waist level.[12]
Sideline: The two longer sides of a football or hurling pitch.
Sideline ball: A kick (football) or puck (hurling) awarded when the ball passes over the sideline. It is awarded to the opposite team to that of the player who last touched the ball.
Sidepull/Side-pull: where two players running together for the sliotar will collide at the shoulders and swing together to win the tackle and "pull" (name given to swing the hurley) with extreme force.
Sixty-five: Puck awarded in hurling to the attacking side 65 metres from the defending side's goal when a player for the defending side last touches the ball before it goes over that side's end line. Formerly known as aseventy (65 metres is roughly equivalent to 70 yards). A 45-metre puck is used in camogie.
60x30: the "Big Alley" court form of handball indigenous to Ireland.[6]
Sliotar: the hard leather ball used in hurling; slightly larger than a tennis ball, it has a cork core and a stitched rib. A football or handball is known asliathróid in Irish.
Solo: In hurling, to run with the sliotar balanced or bouncing on the end of the hurley (also known as a solo run). In football, to drop the ball onto the toe and kick it back into the hands.
Square: usually "the square", the small rectangle surrounding the goal in hurling, camogie and football.
Square ball: A type of foul in hurling and football -
In football
For an attacking player to enter opponents' small rectangle during play before the final play of the ball into the small rectangle
For an attacking player to enter opponents' small rectangle during set play (free kicks) before the ball enters the small rectangle
In hurling
For an attacking player to enter opponents' small rectangle before the ball enters the small rectangle
Stroke: a method of hitting the ball with the hand in handball.
The Sunday Game: RTÉ's main Gaelic games television programme, on air since 1979.
Super 8s: Common term used to describe the two four-team groups introduced in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in 2018 to replace the previous knock-out quarter-finals. Officially they are known as the All-Ireland Quarter-Final Groups.
Throw-in: the starting of a game, or restarting after half-time, by the referee throwing the ball between two players from each team.
Tick: a mark made by the referee in their notebook against a player who has committed a certain type of foul, but not so serious as to warrant a yellow card (see below). If a player who is ticked in a match commits a second similar foul, they are shown a yellow card.
Umpire: One of four officials in a game of football or hurling, identifiable by their white coat, whose responsibilities include to signal a point by waving a white flag, to signal a goal by waving a green flag, to indicate which side last touched the ball before it crossed the end-line, and to alert the referee to certain foul play.
Underhand stroke: A stroke in handball, where the hand hits the ball from below the waist.[12]
Under-21: A grade of competition for players under 21 years of age.
Up for the Match: AnRTÉ One television programme shown twice a year on the eve of, respectively, the All-Ireland SHC and All-Ireland SFC finals.
Weak hand: In handball, this is the left hand for right-handed people (and right for left-handers). It is often exploited by opponents.[12]
Wide: When the ball passes over the end line having last been touched by a player on the attacking side. The defending side is awarded a kickout (football) or puckout (hurling).
Winner on the day: If the score is level at the end of a match, the competition rules may require that a winner is determined on the day. Extra time may be played though the match could still be level at the end of this extra time. A tie-breaker in the form of afree-taking competition orpenalty shoot-out will then be held.
Yellow card: Card shown to a player who has been cautioned ("booked") for committing certain types of fouls, or who has been ticked twice (see Tick above). A player who is cautioned twice in a match (either two yellows or a yellow followed by a black) is immediately also shown a red card, sent off and cannot be replaced.
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