Incomputer graphics,free-form deformation (FFD) is a geometric technique used to model simpledeformations of rigid objects. It is based on the idea of enclosing an object within acube or another hull object, and transforming the object within the hull as the hull is deformed. Deformation of the hull is based on the concept of so-calledhyper-patches, which are three-dimensional analogs ofparametric curves such asBézier curves,B-splines, orNURBs. The technique was first described by Thomas W. Sederberg and Scott R. Parry in 1986,[1] and is based on an earlier technique by Alan Barr.[2] It was extended by Coquillart to a technique described asextended free-form deformation, which refines the hull object by introducing additional geometry or by using different hull objects such as cylinders and prisms.[3]
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