Frederikshavn | |
|---|---|
Town | |
![From upper left: Kattegat Silo, Frederikshavn Church [da], Havnegade, Port of Frederikshavn, Nordre Skanse](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aFrederikshavn_collage.jpg) From upper left:Kattegat Silo,Frederikshavn Church [da], Havnegade,Port of Frederikshavn,Nordre Skanse | |
 Seal  Coat of arms | |
  Frederikshavn .svg) Frederikshavn | |
| Coordinates:57°26′28″N10°32′02″E / 57.441°N 10.534°E /57.441; 10.534 | |
| Country |  Denmark |
| Region | North Jutland ("Nordjylland") |
| Municipality | Frederikshavn |
| City Status | 1818 |
| Named after | KingFrederik VI |
| Government | |
| • Type | Magistrate |
| • Mayor | Karsten Thomsen (S) |
| Area | |
| • Urban | 13.6 km2 (5.3 sq mi) |
| • Municipal | 651.04 km2 (251.37 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 7 m (23 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01)[2] | |
| • Rank | Denmark:30th |
| • Urban | 22,838 |
| • Urban density | 1,700/km2 (4,300/sq mi) |
| • Gender[2] | 11,416 males and 11,422 females |
| Demonym | Frederikshavner |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 9900 |
| Area code | (+45) 98 |
| Website | Official website |
Frederikshavn (Danish:[fʁeðʁeksˈhɑwˀn]ⓘ) is aDanish town inFrederikshavn municipality,Region Nordjylland, on the northeast coast of theJutland peninsula in northernDenmark. Its name translates to "Frederik's harbor". It was originally namedFladstrand.
The town has a population of 22,838 (1 January 2024),[2] and is an important traffic portal with its ferry connections toGothenburg in Sweden. The town is well known for fishing and its fishing and industrial harbours.
Frederikshavn's oldest district, Fiskerklyngen, is originally from the mid-16th century, but the houses now there are from 18th–19th centuries.
Frederikshavn was originally calledFladstrand (lit. "Flat beach") from its location in Flade parish.[3]: 5–6
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1696 | 565 | — |
| 1715 | 788 | +1.77% |
| 1769 | 525 | −0.75% |
| 1801 | 463 | −0.39% |
| 1818 | 600 | +1.54% |
| 1834 | 1,163 | +4.22% |
| 1840 | 1,247 | +1.17% |
| 1845 | 1,332 | +1.33% |
| 1850 | 1,374 | +0.62% |
| 1855 | 1,467 | +1.32% |
| 1860 | 1,843 | +4.67% |
| 1870 | 2,133 | +1.47% |
| 1880 | 2,891 | +3.09% |
| 1890 | 4,848 | +5.31% |
| 1901 | 6,538 | +2.76% |
| 1911 | 7,916 | +1.93% |
| 1916 | 8,560 | +1.58% |
| 1921 | 9,411 | +1.91% |
| 1925 | 9,650 | +0.63% |
| 1930 | 9,882 | +0.48% |
| 1935 | 10,500 | +1.22% |
| 1940 | 15,275 | +7.79% |
| 1945 | 16,827 | +1.95% |
| 1950 | 18,388 | +1.79% |
| 1955 | 20,212 | +1.91% |
| 1960 | 22,570 | +2.23% |
| 1965 | 24,379 | +1.55% |
| 1970 | 24,848 | +0.38% |
| 1976 | 25,316 | +0.31% |
| 1981 | 24,938 | −0.30% |
| 1986 | 25,137 | +0.16% |
| 1990 | 25,137 | +0.00% |
| 1996 | 24,935 | −0.13% |
| 2000 | 24,680 | −0.26% |
| 2006 | 23,636 | −0.72% |
| 2010 | 23,331 | −0.32% |
| 2015 | 23,345 | +0.01% |
| 2020 | 23,124 | −0.19% |
| Source: 1696,[4]: 37 1715,[4]: 40 1769,[5]: 95 1801,[5]: 95 1818-1845,[4]: 96 1850,[5]: 96 1855-1860,[4]: 96 1870—1916,[4]: 76 1921—1950,[4]: 81 1950-1970,: 83 1976—2000,[6] 2006,[7] 2010—[2] | ||
The first mention of a settlement is in a letter dated 13 March 1572 found in the Danish chancery letterbooks.[3]: 5 It was a fishing village, trading place and crossing point toNorway.[5]: 95
The old Fladstrand church was built between 1686 and 1690.[3]: 7 On 31 December 1700 a tax of 500rigsdaler was put on the town which indicates a fair amount of trade.[3]: 8–9
During theGreat Nordic War from 1700 to 1721 the town saw a rise in activity as travellers toNorway embarked from here as the route overSweden was cut. The activity slowly subsided after the war.[3]: 12
A royal maritime pilot was stationed at the town from 1733 after KingChristian VI was forced to stay in the town due to bad weather on his journey to Norway.[3]: 9–10
In 1735 the town was described as a hamlet which supports itself on fishing and beaching ofscows and some farming (fæstebønder).[3]: 11–12
Due to its advantageous proximity to the entrance to theBaltic Sea, Frederikshavn has historically been anaval base of some strategic importance.
In 1627 underKejserkrigen,Melchior von Hatzfeldt troops built aSconce north of the fishing village.[8][5]: 95 The sconce became known asNordre Skanse and is preserved to this day.[8] After the war this was manned by Danish troops.[5]: 95 In 1675 the fortification was expanded with a sconse south of the harbour.[8][5]: 95 Between 1686 and 1687 the fortification was expanded again witha heavy tower, a wall and a port. It was described as acitadel. The tower is known asKrudttårnet, (lit. "Gunpowder Tower"). In 1891 the wall and port was demolished, but the tower has been preserved.[5]: 95 Krudttårnet is incorporated in the municipality'scoat-of-arms.
During theGreat Nordic War from 1700 to 1721Peter Tordenskjold barricaded himself here in his fights againstSweden.[5]: 95 In 1712 theBattle of Fladstrand was fought in the nearby sea betweenSwedish andDanish naval forces.[citation needed]
In 1735, 50 Danish men were stationed at the fortress.[3]: 11–12 From the middle of the 18th century the military importance of the citadel was dwindling and some of the fortifications and building was disposed of. It gained new importance during theGunboat War from 1807 to 1814, but its value diminished again after the war. The citadel was discontinued in 1864.[5]: 95
During theGunboat War, the town saw increasing trade and activity. The first artificial harbour was constructed from 1808 to 1810 due to the war and after several years of strong promotion of the local merchant Frantz Übersax.
Denmark's defeat in the war had a great impact in Fladstrand. The military left and the town largest source of income ceased.[4]: 56–57 Denmark's general economic crisis worsened the situation.[4]: 56–57 The town did not have status as amarket town, but trade, craft and other activities exclusive to market towns had happened unlawful in Fladstrand for several decades anyway.[4]: 52–54, 61 A majority of the population had livelihoods based on crafts, services and trade, not production. This was used by the local civil servant as an argument for giving the town market town status (Danish:købstadsrettigheder).[4]: 61–62 The harbour directorate (Danish:Kanal-, havne- og fyrdirektionen) argued that it was a strategic place for a harbour and giving the town market town status and legalising the current activities would help with the upkeep.[4]: 62–63
On 25 September 1818[nb 1]Frederik VI bestowed the town status as a market town under the name of Frederikshavn.[4]: 63–64
During the 1970s the ship yard wanted to expand with a dry dock at the location of Krudttårnet. Between 1974 and 1976 the engineering firmKampsax and the local contractor Trigon encased the tower in concrete and moved it 270m alongteflon rails to its current location. The project was delayed when a storm broke a retaining wall between Christmas and New Year 1975 filling the new dry dock with water and causing the base beneath the tower to collapse.[9]: 222 [10] The movement was celebrated 5. August 1976 with the visit fromMargrethe II of Denmark and her family.[9]: 221
Stena Line operated a ferry service from Frederikshavn toOslo, Norway from 1979 to March 14, 2020. It was served by three different ferries named Stena Saga. From 1979 to 1988 by former M/S Patricia built in 1967.[11] From 1988 to 1994 by laterMS Stena Europe.[12] From 1994 to 2020 it was served byMS Stena Saga. It was first closed temporary due to thecoronavirus pandemic. The decision to close it permanently was announced a few days later on March 19.[13][14] The Oslo route was reopened byDFDS Seaways on June 25, 2020 by the ferries traveling to and from Copenhagen which began stopping in Frederikshavn. There is a single departure and arrival per day. The route is serviced byMS Pearl Seaways andMS Crown Seaways.[15][needs update]
Companies in the area include MAN/BW Alpha and the Navy Base Frederikshavn (Flådestation Frederikshavn).
Frederikshavn, like the rest of North Jutland, was hit with hardunemployment. The town's largest workplace, theshipyardDanyard, closed in the late 1990s. This resulted in more than 2,000 workers being unemployed. Today there is still activity at the large ship building area, with many small companies renting space there. In summer 2008, the unemployment rate, like the rest of Denmark, fell to a minimum low record of approximately 2%.
As with many provincial municipalities around the world, some of its young people leave to large urban cities. However, the municipality is currently engaged in many innovative projects which are attracting tourists and aim to retain population.
Frederikshavn is currently beginning a transition to make it the first medium-sized city/large town in the world to rely exclusively on renewable energy resources for power, including transportation and cars. The process is expected to be completed by 2030.[16] As of 2010, the city was powered 18% by renewable energy.[17]
Martin Professional had a large presence before its closure in 2016.[18]
TheDanish term:frederikshavner,lit. 'Someone from Frederikshavn' is used to denote a qualityplaice.[19] It is probably the most popular fish eaten in Denmark.[citation needed]
The drama television seriesNorskov (2015–2017) was filmed in and around Frederikshavn.[20]
Frederikshavn White Hawks are the local professionalice hockey team playing in the premier Danishice hockey league,Metal Ligaen.
Three major roads connect Frederikshavn.E 45 connects toAalborg in the south. Frederikshavn is the northern end of E 45 in Denmark. The route continues via the ferry in Gothenburg. Danish national road 35 connectsHjørring to the west.Danish national road 40 connectsSkagen to the north. A secondary route connects toBrønderslev towards southwest.
Frederikshavn is served byFrederikshavn railway station. It is theterminal train station of theVendsyssel andSkagenrailway lines and offers directInterCity services toCopenhagen,regional train services toAalborg andlocal train services toSkagen.[26][27]
Ferry service toGothenburg, inSweden withStenaLine andOslo, inNorway withDFDS. There is also a ferry service to the Island ofLæsø.
The nearest airport with scheduled national and international flights isAalborg Airport 66 km away.
Port of Frederikshavn is the largest harbour in Frederikshavn. It is a commercial port owned byFrederikshavn Municipality.[28] It includes a ferry harbour, a cargo harbour and a large service industry. It has historically been dominated by the shipyard industry and fishing. Frederikshavn was in the late 19th century the dominant harbour for large fishing vessels in Denmark.[29] The European shipyard industry was hit with difficulties in the 1980s and Danyard, the largest shipyard in Frederikshavn closed in December 1999.[30] Themunicipality took over the harbour from the state in 2001.[28][9]: 13 The site of the former Danyard was over the next 20 years transformed into a business park and the activity gradually went from manufacturing to service.[30]
In 2015 a large expansion of the port was started. The first of three phases was constructed from 2015 to 2018 by contractorPer Aarsleff. The official delivery from the contractor was on 8 June 2018.[31] The officially inauguration coincided with the towns 200 year anniversary as a merchant town on 25 September 2018.[32][28]The expansion makes it possible to receive larger ships and offshore installations, handle more bulk material and a flexible area for projects.[33] The first phase added 330.000 square metre hinterland and 600 metre of quay with a water depth 11 metre.[34] Most of the quay and hinterland areas in the first phase have been leased byLouisiana-based Modern American Recycling Services for an 11-year period.[35]
In July 2018 they secured a contract to scrap the two platforms fromTyra Field.[28] They are expected to begin the first recycling assignment in 2020[needs update] and create more than 200 jobs.[36]Construction of Scandinavia's largest bunkering terminal is underway on the new area. It will consists of 11 storage tanks with a combined capacity of 744000 m3. It is scheduled for completion by the end of 2020[needs update]. It will be leased toStena Oil.[36][34] In November 2018 all the hinterland areas of the first phase have been leased.[37] Five 2000 m2 large warehouses have been constructed on the new area.[36]
The planning of the second stage of the expansion was started in June 2017.[38] Construction started in October 2017. It is nearly completed as of December 2019.[needs update][36][28] The second phase will add 170.000 square metre of hinterland and 400 metre of quay. The quay constructed in phase one will be deepened to 14 metres.[28]
When the second phase is complete the total area of the harbour will be 950,000 square metres (10,200,000 sq ft).[34]
A further expansion in third phase is an option if there is demand.[33]
South of the commercial port isDanish Navy Naval Harbour Frederikshavn. It is home toDanish navy 1st Squadron and Naval Operational Logistic Support Structure, OPLOG FRH. It is also the home location for thetraining shipDanmark and the royal yachtDannebrog. It was home to the nationalicebreakers before their decommission in 2012.[39]
The naval harbour was inaugurated on 2 October 1962.[40]
The also town has a number of smaller marinas (listed in order from north to south):
Frederikshavn practicestwinning on the municipal level. For the twin towns, seetwin towns of Frederikshavn Municipality.
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