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| Frederick II | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Near contemporary portrait byLucas Cranach the Younger | |
| Elector of Saxony | |
| Reign | 4 January 1428 – 7 September 1464 |
| Predecessor | Frederick I |
| Successor | Ernest |
| Landgrave of Thuringia | |
| Reign | 7 May 1440 - 1445 |
| Predecessor | Frederick IV |
| Successor | William II |
| Margrave of Meissen andDuke of Saxony | |
| Reign | 4 January 1428 – 7 September 1464 |
| Predecessor | Frederick IV/I |
| Successor | Albert IV/III |
| Born | (1412-08-22)22 August 1412 Leipzig,Electorate of Saxony,Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 7 September 1464(1464-09-07) (aged 52) Leipzig,Electorate of Saxony,Holy Roman Empire |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | |
| Issue Detail | |
| House | Wettin |
| Father | Frederick I, Elector of Saxony |
| Mother | Catherine of Brunswick and Lunenburg |
Frederick II, The Gentle (Friedrich, der Sanftmütige; Frederick the Gentle; 22 August 1412 – 7 September 1464) wasElector of Saxony (1428–1464) and wasLandgrave of Thuringia (1440–1445).
Frederick was born inLeipzig, the eldest of the seven children ofFrederick I, Elector of Saxony, andCatherine of Brunswick and Lunenburg.
After the death of his father in 1428 he took over the government together with his younger brothersWilliam III, Henry and Sigismund.[1] In 1433 theWettins finally concluded peace with theHussites and in 1438 Frederick led Saxon forces to victory in theBattle of Sellnitz. That same year it was considered the first federal state parliament of Saxony. The parliament received the right to find together in case of innovations in fiscal matters also without summoning by the ruler.
Also in 1438 it was decided that Frederick, and not his rival Bernard IV, duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, was entitled to exercise the Saxon electoral vote at the elections for the German throne. The elector then aidedAlbert II to secure this dignity, performing a similar service for his own brother-in-law,Frederick two years later.[1]
After Henry's death in 1435, and Sigismund was forced to renounce and became a bishop (in 1440), Frederick and William divided their possessions. In theDivision of Altenburg in 1445, William III received the Thuringian and Frankish part, and Frederick got the Eastern part of the principality. The mines remained common possessions. Disputes over the distribution led however in 1446 to theSaxon Brother War, which found an end only on 27 January 1451 with the peace ofNaumburg.[2] In theTreaty of Eger in (1459), elector Frederick, Duke William III and the king of BohemiaGeorge of Podebrady fixed the borders betweenBohemia andSaxony, at the height of theOre Mountains (German:Erzgebirge) and the middle of theElbe which still holds today. It belongs therefore to the oldest still existing borders of Europe.
After the death of Frederick, in Leipzig, both of his sons,Ernest andAlbert, first took over the government together. After Duke William III died in 1482, Thuringia returned to Frederick's line.
InLeipzig,Electoral Saxony on 3 June 1431 Frederick marriedMargaret of Austria, the daughter ofErnest of Austria andCymburgis of Masovia.[3] They had eight children:
July 1455 saw thePrinzenraub, the attempt of a knight namedKunz von Kaufungen to abduct Frederick's sons Ernest and Albert. Having carried them off fromAltenburg, Kunz was making his way toBohemia when the plot was accidentally discovered and the princes restored.[1]
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Frederick II., Elector of Saxony".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 60.Frederick II, Elector of Saxony Born: 22 August 1412 Died: 7 September 1464 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by | Elector of Saxony 1428–1464 | Succeeded by |
| Duke of Saxony and Margrave of Meissen 1428–1464 | Succeeded by | |
| Preceded by | Landgrave of Thuringia 1440–1445 | Succeeded by |
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