Frans van Schooten | |
|---|---|
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| Born | 1615 |
| Died | 29 May 1660(1660-05-29) (aged 44–45) |
| Known for | Van Schooten's theorem |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Mathematics |
Frans van Schooten Jr. also rendered asFranciscus van Schooten (15 May 1615 – 29 May 1660) was a Dutchmathematician who is most known for popularizing theanalytic geometry ofRené Descartes. He translatedLa Géométrie in Latin and wrote commentaries and explanations to it.[1] Because most contemporary scientists and mathematicians in Europe knew the invention ofanalytic geometry through Van Schooten's edition, with its extensive commentaries byJohannes Hudde,Johan de Witt, andHendrik van Heuraet, he had a significant influence on the science and mathematics of Europe at the time; especially on the invention ofcalculus byGottfried Leibniz andIsaac Newton.
Van Schooten's father,Frans van Schooten Senior [nl] was a professor of mathematics at theUniversity of Leiden, havingChristiaan Huygens,Johann van Waveren Hudde, andRené de Sluze as students.[2]
Van Schooten met Descartes in 1632 and read hisGéométrie (an appendix to hisDiscours de la méthode) while it was still unpublished.[3] Finding it hard to understand, he went to France to study the works of other important mathematicians of his time, such asFrançois Viète andPierre de Fermat. Frans van Schooten returned home toLeiden in 1643 to assist his father and, two years later, inherited his father's position as professor at Leiden's Engineering School. One of his most important pupils at this time was Huygens.
The pendant marriage portraits of him and his wife Margrieta Wijnants were painted byRembrandt and are kept in theNational Gallery of Art:[4]
Van Schooten's 1649 Latin translation of and commentary on Descartes'Géométrie was valuable in that it made the work comprehensible to the broader mathematical community, and thus was responsible for the spread of analytic geometry to the world.
Over the next decade he enlisted the aid of other mathematicians of the time,de Beaune,Hudde,Heuraet,de Witt and expanded the commentaries to two volumes, published in 1659 and 1661. This edition and its extensive commentaries was far more influential than the 1649 edition. It was this edition thatGottfried Leibniz andIsaac Newton knew.
Van Schooten was one of the first to suggest, in exercises published in 1657, that these ideas be extended to three-dimensional space. Van Schooten's efforts also made Leiden the centre of the mathematical community for a short period in the middle of the seventeenth century.
In elementary geometryVan Schooten's theorem is named after him.
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