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Frank B. Jewett | |
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 Jewett circa 1919 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1879-09-05)September 5, 1879 Pasadena, California, U.S. |
| Died | November 18, 1949(1949-11-18) (aged 70) Summit, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of Chicago |
| Awards | Edison Medal(1928) Faraday Medal(1935) Franklin Medal(1936) John Fritz Medal(1939) Hoover Medal(1949) IRI Medal(1950) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
Frank Baldwin Jewett (/ˈdʒuːɪt/; September 5, 1879 – November 18, 1949) worked as an engineer for American Telegraph and Telephone where his work demonstrated transatlantic radio telephony using a vacuum-tube transmitter. He was also aphysicist and the first president ofBell Labs.
He graduated from the Throop Institute of Technology (later theCalifornia Institute of Technology) in 1898, and received the doctoral degree in physics in 1902 from the University of Chicago (IL). Jewett was president of theAmerican Institute of Electrical Engineers from 1922 to 1923.
The Bell Telephone Laboratories were established in 1925 with Jewett as president; he stayed until 1940. He also was chairman of the Board of Directors ofBell Laboratories from 1940 to 1944.
In 1928, theAIEE awarded him theEdison Medal "For his contributions to the art of electric communication." He was elected to theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1930 and theAmerican Philosophical Society in 1938.[1][2] Jewett was elected to theNational Academy of Sciences in 1918 and served as its President from 1939 to 1947.[3] In 1950, he was awarded theIRI Medal from theIndustrial Research Institute for recognition of his role in technology leadership. He also served on theNational Defense Research Committee.
Historian Leonard S. Reich (1985) argues that in the early 1900s, AT&T and other companies established research labs as a defensive measure against competitors threatening their core businesses. Despite AT&T's very large investment in its telephone system, it faced fierce competition from smaller regional firms. To maintain dominance, AT&T concentrated on creating a nationwide telephone system that provided good technology and the widest possible long-distance service. A key invention that would leave the competition far behind, would be a repeater device to allow coast-to-coast telephone transmission. This research became even more pressing when the engineers realized that the device would also be pivotal for radio development, which had the potential to render wired communication obsolete. The vacuum tube was the critical device. AT&T did not invent it but did purchase the patent and then significantly improved it. AT&T continued research to reinforce its existing telephone system. The research philosophy, according to Jewett, the research director, centered around science's usefulness in the systematic advancement of electrical communication. The vacuum tube thus played a critical role in the company's success in both telephone and radio industries.[4]
Jewett served as president of the Board of Trustees for theNew York Museum of Science and Industry, and was a trustee at Princeton University, the Carnegie Institution of Washington, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, and Tabor Academy.[5]
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