Pacini was born in Florence on 10 May 1939, however he moved early on toUrbino. His parents were Gualtiero Pacini, a teacher from Urbino and Elsa Roesch, born inBaden, Switzerland. Pacini was married in 1966 to Rosemary Winterer, a teacher, born inSt. Louis, Missouri. They had three children: Giulia, Tommaso and Giorgio.[1]
Pacini graduated from a local high school, Raffaello, inUrbino. He studied physics at theScuola Normale Superiore inPisa and later at theSapienza inRome, where he graduated in 1964. Pacini's thesis (Livio Gratton was his advisor) was about neutron stars, which were hypothetical objects at the time. Pacini continued to work on neutron stars atInstitut d'astrophysique de Paris, where he was apost-doctoral fellow.[3]
Pacini continued his research on neutron stars at the Institute d'Astrophysique in Paris. From 1967 to 1973, he was research associate and visiting professor atCornell University.[1] In 1967 he published inNature the first specific suggestion that strongly magnetizedneutron stars could release their rotational energy and produce a large flow of relativistic particles.[1][4] The discovery ofpulsars in Cambridge (UK) proved the correctness of his hypothesis a few months later byJocelyn Bell Burnell andAntony Hewish ofUniversity of Cambridge.[5] In 1968 in anotherNature article, Pacini wrote that at the center of theCrab Nebula would be found a pulsar, which would explain the emission of electromagnetic radiation.[1][6]
Crab Nebula
The discovery of the strong infrared emission from somestarburst galaxies, Pacini, together withMartin Harwit, suggested that these sources are related to an evolutionary stage of a galaxy during which massive stars are being formed, a scenario which is now generally accepted.[7]
In 1975 Pacini joined the newly created scientific group of theEuropean Southern Observatory in Geneva; Pacini served as President from 1975 to 1978. He was instrumental also for Italy to enter into theESO.[1] On returning to Italy in 1978, he became Director of theArcetri Astrophysical Observatory inFlorence and a professor at the University of Florence. He held this post until 2001. During his tenure the Observatory greatly expanded its scientific activity in different areas, in a broad context of international collaborations. In particular, during this period theArcetri Observatory became partner in the construction of the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT).[1]
In 1982 Pacini was one of the 69 signatories signing a petition circulated by Carl Sagan:Extraterrestrial Intelligence: An International Petition.[8]
Pacini had an ability to use humorous images when talking about science, as can be read in article by Virginia Trimble and Markus Aschwanden:What is in the jets? Franco Pacini is supposed to have said that relativistic tomatoes would do.[9]
Asteroid 25601Francopacini is named after him. In 1997 he received the Prize of the Italian Government for Science.
Over the years he carried out a wide range of activities aimed at communicating science to the general public, including children and adults, with frequent public lectures, popular articles in newspapers, books and appearances on television. Pacini was involved in starting Children's Day at Arcetri Observatory.[11] He also wrote five children's books.
The supermassive black hole in Centaurus A: a benchmark for gas kinematical measurements; Franco Pacini, D. J. Axon, A. Capetti, D. Macchetto, A. M. Koekemoer, E. J. Schreier; Astronomy and Astrophysics; 12 November 2005:[1]
The Relationship Between Supernova Remnants and Neutron Stars; Franco Pacini; ESO Astrophysics Symposia; 2003-09-22:[2]
Neutron Stars, Pulsars and Supernova Remnants: concluding remarks; Franco Pacini; Physikzentrum Bad Honnef; 2002-08-30:arXiv:astro-ph/0208563
Precursor Plerionic Activity and High Energy Gamma-Ray Emission in the Supranova Model of Gamma-Ray Bursts; Susumu Inoue, Dafne Guetta, Franco Pacini; The Astrophysical Journal; 25 September 2002:[3]
Inhomogeneous models for plerions: the surface brightness profile of the Crab Nebula; E. Amato, M. Salvati, R. Bandiera, Franco Pacini, L. Woltjer; Astronomy and Astrophysics; 2000-05-23:arXiv:astro-ph/9911163
1987A
Neutron Stars in Supernova Remnants, 1999; Franco Pacini; ASP Conference Series, Vol. 195; 1999-11-22:[4]
High Observed Brightnesses in Radio Jets; M. Spada, M. Salvati, Franco Pacini; The Astrophysical Journal; 1998-08-20:arXiv:astro-ph/9808207
Rapid Variability of Gamma-Ray Blazars: A Model for MKN 421, 1998; M. Spada, M. Salvati, Franco Pacini; The Astrophysical Journal Letters; 1998-01-07:arXiv:astro-ph/9801049
The Supernova Remnant G11.2-0.3 and its central Pulsar; R. Bandiera, M. Salvati, Franco Pacini; The Astrophysical Journal; 1996-04-16:arXiv:astro-ph/9801049
Electromagnetic activity of white dwarfs, 1970; Franco Pacini; Memorie della Società Astronomia Italiana, Vol. 41; 1970-01-01:[5]
X-rays from supernova 1987A - Beneath the radioactive layers, 1989; Rino Bandiera, Franco Pacini, Marco Salvati; Astrophysical Journal, Part 1; 1989-09-15:[6]
Optical and X-ray radiation from fast pulsars - Effects of duty cycle and spectral shape, 1987; Franco Pacini, M. Salvati; Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 vol. 321; 1987-10-01:[7]
Possible manifestations of a neutron star inside SN 1987A, 1987; Franco Pacini; ESO Workshop on the SN 1987A; 1987-07-06:[8]
The evolution of nonthermal supernova remnants. II - Can radio supernovae become plerions?, 1984; R. Bandiera, Franco Pacini, M. Salvati; Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, vol. 285; 1984-10-01:[9]
Infrared galaxies - Evolutionary stages of massive star formation, 1975; M. Harwit, Franco Pacini; Astrophysical Journal, vol. 200; 1975-09-15:[10]
Possible models for some transient X-ray sources, 1975;Stuart L. Shapiro, Franco Pacini; Nature; 1975-10-01:[11]
Rotation in High-Energy Astrophysics, 1973; Franco Pacini,Martin J. Rees; Scientific American Vol. 228, No. 2 |; 1973-02-01:[12]
On the Evolution of Supernova Remnants. Evolution of the Magnetic Field, Particles, Content, and Luminosity, 1973; Franco Pacini, M. Salvati; Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 186, pp. 249–26; 1973-01-01:[13]
On the Mechanism of the Glitches in the Crab Nebula Pulsar, 1971; Jeffrey D. Scargle, Franco Pacini; Nature Physical Science: 1971-07-30;[14]
A model for the radiations from the compact strong sources CSR-TR-70-5,1970; A. Cavaliere, P. Morrison, Franco Pacini; Center for Space Research, M.I.T.; 1970-01-01:[15]
Can the Observed Microwave Background be due to a Superposition of Sources?;Thomas Gold, Franco Pacini; Astrophysical Journal, vol. 152, p. L115; 1968-05-01:[16]
Equilibrium for neutron stars, 1965; Franco Pacini; Memorie della Società Astronomia Italiana, Vol. 36, p. 323; 1965-09-01:[17]
Director, 1978-2001;Arcetri Observatory (Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri), Arcetri, Florence, Italy
Corresponding member of the physical, mathematical and natural sciences class, Tuscany academy of sciences and letters La Colombaria, 1983; Florence, Italy
Corresponding member in the class of physical and mathematical sciences, Accademia de 'Lincei, 1985-2012; Rome, Italy
^Harwit, M.; Pacini, F. (1975). "Infrared galaxies - Evolutionary stages of massive star formation".The Astrophysical Journal.200: L127.Bibcode:1975ApJ...200L.127H.doi:10.1086/181913.
