The Right Honourable The Earl of Godolphin PC
Portrait byGodfrey Kneller
Lord Privy Seal
In office 16 May 1735 – 7 April 1740
Monarch	George II
Preceded by	The Viscount Lonsdale
Succeeded by	The Lord Hervey
Cofferer of the Household
In office 1714–1723
Monarch	George I
Preceded by	The Lord Masham
Succeeded by	The Earl of Bath
In office 1704–1711
Monarch	Anne
Preceded by	Sir Benjamin Bathurst
Succeeded by	The Lord Masham
Teller of the Exchequer
In office 1699–1704
Monarchs	William III,Anne
Preceded by	Henry Carew
Succeeded by	Thomas Coke
Personal details
Born	3 September 1678 Whitehall,London, England
Died	17 January 1766(1766-01-17) (aged 87)
Spouse	Henrietta Churchill, 2nd Duchess of Marlborough ​ ​ (m. 1698; died 1733)​
Children	William Godolphin, Marquess of Blandford Lord Henry Godolphin Lady Margaret Godolphin Harriet Pelham-Holles, Duchess of Newcastle Mary Osborne, Duchess of Leeds
Parents	Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin Margaret Blagge
Alma mater	Eton College King's College, Cambridge (M.A., 1705)

Francis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Godolphin,PC (3 September 1678 – 17 January 1766), styledViscount Rialton from 1706 to 1712, was an Englishcourtier and politician who sat in theEnglish andBritish House of Commons between 1695 and 1712, when he succeeded to the peerage asEarl of Godolphin. Initially aTory, he modified his views when his father headed the Administration in 1702 and was eventually aWhig. He was aphilanthropist and one of the founding governors of theFoundling Hospital in 1739.

Godolphin, the only child ofSidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin, was born inWhitehall,London, on 3 September 1678, and baptised the same day. His mother,Margaret Godolphin (née Blagge), died six days later on 9 September.John Evelyn, her most intimate acquaintance, transferred his friendship to her infant son, took general charge of his education, and continued to further his welfare as he grew. Godolphin was educated atEton College andKing's College, Cambridge, earning anM.A. degree in 1705.^[1]

Godolphin was returned asMember of Parliament forHelston at the1695 English general election. He voted against the attainder ofSir John Fenwick on 25 November 1696. His first public appointment was jointregistrar of theCourt of Chancery on 29 June 1698, which he held until 20 January 1727. He did not stand at the1698 English general election. He also held the place of one of the tellers of theExchequer from 1699 to 1704. He was returned as MP forEast Looe at the first general election of 1701, and at the second general election of that year, he was returned for bothHelston andEast Looe and chose to sit for Helston. He was classed as a Tory and on 26 February 1702, supported the motion vindicating the Commons’ proceedings against the Whig ministers. He was returned for Helston at the1702 English general election, but with the Administration headed by his father, he began to switch his loyalty to the Court. Early in 1704, his father and the Duchess of Marlborough obtained the post ofCofferer of the Household for him, which he held until 1711. Godolphin was seen as an opponent of the Tack and did not vote for it on 28 November 1704. He was appointedLord Warden of the Stannaries, high steward of theDuchy of Cornwall, and rider and masterforester ofDartmoor at the beginning of 1705. At the1705 English general election, he tried to unseat twoTackers when he stood for theCambridge University constituency but was defeated. He also stood again at Helston and was returned as MP there. He voted for the Court candidate for Speaker on 25 October 1705.^[2]

Godolphin was known by the courtesy title ofViscount Rialton from 29 December 1706 until 1712. Early in 1708, he gave up the office of Warden of the Stannaries and the other posts, which had become too burdensome for him. At the1708 British general election, he was returned as MP for Helston andOxfordshire and chose to sit at Oxfordshire. In 1710, he voted for the impeachment of DrHenry Sacheverell. At the1710 British general election, he decided not to stand at Oxfordshire, was defeated at Penryn, but was returned as MP forTregony on the Boscawen interest. He was classed as a Whig and lost his post in the Household on the change of Administration. He voted for the ‘No Peace Without Spain’ motion on 7 December 1711. On his father's death on 15 September 1712, he succeeded to the peerage asEarl of Godolphin. He vacated his seat in the House of Commons and joined the House of Lords.^[2]

Lord Rialton was again Cofferer of the Household from 1714 to 1723, as well asLord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire from 1715 to 1735,lord of the bedchamber toGeorge I in 1716,High Steward of Banbury in 1718, and aprivy councillor from 26 May 1723. ToGeorge II, he wasthe groom of the stole and first lord of the bedchamber from 1727 to 1735. He was named high steward ofWoodstock on 18 March 1728 and appointedGovernor of the Scilly Islands on 18 April 1733.^[2]

On 23 January 1735, Lord Rialton was createdBaron Godolphin of Helston in Cornwall, with special remainder, in default of his issue, to the heir's male of his deceased uncle, DrHenry Godolphin,dean ofSt. Paul's. During the king's absence from Britain in 1723, 1725, and 1727, Godolphin acted as one of thelord's justices of the United Kingdom. Finally, asLord Privy Seal, he was in office from 14 May 1735 to 25 April 1740. Thepocket borough of Helston, not far from his ancestral home,Godolphin House, was under hispatronage for many years and sent his nominees to Parliament. In return for this compliance, he rebuilt Helston Church in 1763 for £6,000. It was also his custom to pay the rates and taxes for all electors in the borough. It is said that he read only two works:Burnet'sHistory of my own Time andColley Cibber'sApology. When he had perused them throughout, he began them again.^[3]

Godolphin was married in March 1698 toLady Henrietta Churchill, eldest daughter ofJohn Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, andSarah Jennings. She was born on 20 July 1681 and baptised atSt. Martin-in-the-Fields, London, on 29 July 1681. On her father's death, 16 June 1722, she became Duchess of Marlborough in her own right. She died on 24 October 1733 and was buried inWestminster Abbey on 9 November. Meanwhile, she acquired notoriety through an attachment toWilliam Congreve, the dramatist.^[3]

Godolphin was one of the founding governors of theFoundling Hospital, a London charity created in 1739. It aimed to tackle the problem ofchild abandonment by providing an orphanage where parents could leave babies they considered themselves incapable of raising. He also had the distinction of owning one of the founding thoroughbred sires, theGodolphin Arabian. Among his protégés was the physician and humoristMessenger Monsey, for whom he obtained the position of physician atRoyal Chelsea Hospital.

Lord Godolphin died at his house in the Stable Yard, St James's, on 17 January 1766 and was buried in Kensington Church on 25 January. He and his wife had two sons and four daughters, two of whom two sons and a daughter predeceased him.

• William Godolphin, Marquess of Blandford (c. 1699–1731), who married Maria Catherina de Jong
• Lord Henry Godolphin (born February 1701)
• Lady Margaret Godolphin (born c. 1703)
• Lady Henrietta Godolphin (c. 1707–1776), who married the1st Duke of Newcastle
• Lady Mary Godolphin (1723–1764), who married the4th Duke of Leeds.

Without living male heirs, the earldom of Godolphin, viscountcy of Rialton, and barony of Godolphin of Rialton became extinct. The last devolved on his cousinFrancis Godolphin, 2nd Baron Godolphin of Helston.^[4]

• Nichols and, R. H.; Wray, F. A. (1935).The History of the Foundling Hospital. London: Oxford University Press. p. 345.

Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Boase, George Clement (1890). "Godolphin, Francis". InStephen, Leslie;Lee, Sidney (eds.).Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 22. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 39–40.

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