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| Francien | |
|---|---|
| françoys, françois | |
| Pronunciation | Old French pronunciation:[frãnˈs(w)ɛ] |
| Native to | France |
| Region | Île-de-France |
| Era | Prior toFrench Revolution andStandard French |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
| IETF | fro-u-sd-fridf |
Francien (French pronunciation:[fʁɑ̃sjɛ̃]), also anglicized asFrancian[1][2][3] (/ˈfrænsiən/), is a 19th-century term inlinguistics that was applied to theFrench dialect that was spoken during theMiddle Ages in the regions ofÎle-de-France (withParis at its centre),Orléanais, as well asTouraine,Berry, andBourbonnais before the establishment of theFrench language as astandard language.[4][5][6]
According to one theory of the development of French, Francien was chosen out of all the competingoïl languages as anofficial language (Norman andPicard being the main competitors in the medieval period). The theory currently prevailing, however, is that Francien was one of thedialects in thedialect continuum on top of which an administrative language, untrammeled by perceived regionalisms, was imposed as a compromise means of communication and record to replaceLatin.
The existence and definition of Francien were put forward in the 19th century, partly to support the idea of the French language as enjoying a direct and pure lineage from Latin and to minimize the contributions of the variousRomancelanguages of France. Nowadays, the question of Francien is a controversial topic in discussions oflanguage policy in France.
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