Perkins Homestead | |
 National Park Service photo of the 1837 Brick House, 2012 | |
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| Location | 478 River Rd.,Newcastle, Maine |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 44°0′19″N69°33′27″W / 44.00528°N 69.55750°W /44.00528; -69.55750 |
| Area | 57 acres (23 ha) |
| Built | 1837 |
| Website | https://www.nps.gov/frpe |
| NRHP reference No. | 14000919[1] |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | August 25, 2014 |
| Designated NHL | August 25, 2014 |
| Designated NMON | December 16, 2024[2] |
Frances Perkins National Monument protects thePerkins Homestead, also known as theBrick House, a historic homestead at 478 River Road inNewcastle, Maine. The 57-acre (23 ha) property, including its 1837 brick farmhouse, was designated anational historic landmark andnational monument for its association with the life ofFrances Perkins (1880–1965), the first woman to hold a position in theUnited States Cabinet, who spent many years at the property, as a child and in her later years. The property was first listed on theNational Register of Historic Places in 2009 as theBrick House Historic District.
The Perkins Homestead occupies 57 acres (23 ha) of land on the east side of River Road, about 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the center ofNewcastle, Maine. The roughly rectangular property slopes from the road down to theDamariscotta River, which like the road runs generally north–south. The westernmost part of the property includes all of its buildings, a walled garden, and a tract of historic farmland just north of the building complex. The central portion of the property is forested, with paths lined by stone walls leading to agricultural fields in the plain adjacent to the river. The easternmost area, in addition to these agricultural fields, includes the remains of several other Perkins family residences, and the remains of a brickmaking operation. This area also includes the archaeological remains of an 18th-century garrison house. The homestead complex consists of a brick two-story house, built in 1837, which is connected by a series of additions to a barn that was originally freestanding. A short way east of the barn is a small late-19th century outbuilding, which has seen a variety of uses, including as a chicken house and art studio.[3]
The property was owned by the Perkins family for hundreds of years.[4] Though spending most of her childhood in Worcester, Frances Perkins spent summers with her grandmother on the property, and it was her home in the later years of her life. Members of her immediate family are buried in the family cemetery, which is on the property. Perkins, born in 1880, was educated atMount Holyoke College and was working as a social worker inNew York City when theTriangle Shirtwaist Factory fire occurred in 1911. Perkins's profile was raised by her leadership in advocating for changes to fire codes in the aftermath of the blaze, which killed 146 workers. Perkins was appointedSecretary of Labor by PresidentFranklin Delano Roosevelt in 1933, a time when the country was suffering great unemployment in theGreat Depression. Perkins was responsible for seeing through legislative enactment of significant labor reforms, including the 40-hour work week, bans on child labor, and unemployment and worker compensation programs.
Perkins regularly spent summers at the Maine homestead, and she inherited it with her sister in 1927. She was its primary resident and caretaker until her death in 1965. The property was first listed on theNational Register of Historic Places as the Brick House Historic District for its pre-20th century historical and archaeological importance in 2009,[1] and it was designated aNational Historic Landmark for its association with Perkins in 2014. In 2020, the property was purchased by theFrances Perkins Center, a nonprofit dedicated to inspiring current and future generations to understand and uphold the government’s role in providing social justice and economic security for all.[5]
Secretary of the InteriorDeb Haaland visited the Homestead in August 2024 while advocates and the Perkins Center called for the site to be designated anational monument.[6][7][8] In an event at theFrances Perkins Building in Washington, D.C., PresidentJoe Biden established Frances Perkins National Monument on December 16, 2024, after the core area of the homestead including the Brick House and barn (2.3 acres) was donated to theNational Park Service.[2][9][10]
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