The Portuguese Castle (Gaspar Correia-"Lendas da Índia", c. 1556)
Site history
Built
1515 (1515)
Materials
Stone
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TheFort of Our Lady of the Conception, also known as thePortuguese Castle, is a red stone fortress onHormuz Island, Iran. It is one of the last surviving monuments ofPortuguesecolonial rule in thePersian Gulf.Ormuz (or Hormuz) was an important maritime city and a small kingdom near the entrance to the Persian Gulf. The original site of the city was on the north shore of the Gulf, about 30 miles east of the currentBandar Abbas. Around 1300, apparently in response to attacks from theTartars, it moved to the small island of Gerun, which can be identified as the Organa of Nearcho, about 12 miles west and 5 miles from the coast.
Constructed on reddish stone on a rocky promontory at the far north of the island, the castle was originally cut off from the rest of the island by amoat, traces of which still remain. Although most of the roof caved in long ago, much of the lower part of the very substantial outer walls is intact, with the remains lying on different levels of the site.
The building of the castle was ordered by Portuguese commanderAfonso de Albuquerque in 1507, when his forces seized the island for a short time, being then named "Fort of Our Lady of Victory" (Forte de Nossa Senhora da Vitória). Engaging his men of all ranks in the building works, Albuquerque faced a revolt and had to retreat. He came back and reconquered the island in 1515, when he completed and renamed the fort. TheSafavid Shah,Abbas the Great (1587–1629), wanted to end Portuguese rule in the south and eventually managed to convince theBritish East India Company to allow its ships to cooperate with his land forces to seize the island from the Portuguese in 1622.
A number of other Portuguese castles are found in thePersian Gulf islands, including the castle inQeshm.
During theHabsburg dynasty (1581–1640), the Portuguese built a fortress inDibba Al-Hisn and a wall around the city.[1] In August 1648, the Arabs besiegedMuscat, Oman, and on 31 October 1648 a treaty was signed between the two opponents. The terms were as follows: the Portuguese should build the fortress ofKuriyat, Dibba Al-Hisn andMatrah (Oman).
1 1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequentinvasion by Indonesia. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.
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