Although the Army post in the area was established in 1875, and construction ofFort Sam Houston began the following year, no burials were made in the area that is currently the cemetery until 1926. In 1931 60 acres (24 ha) were added as an addition toSan Antonio National Cemetery. In 1937, the addition became a National Cemetery in its own right, renamed Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery. In 1947 several other forts inTexas, includingFort McIntosh, were closed and their cemetery interments were transferred to Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery.[citation needed]
Interred at the Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery are 140 Axisprisoners of war (POWs) fromWorld War II who died in captivity. 133 are German, 4 are Italian, and 3 are Japanese. These POWs were disinterred from variousTexas POW camps and reburied at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery.[citation needed] When originally interred, these graves were isolated from the American graves.
Two gravestones marked withswastikas were replaced on December 24, 2020. The Military Religious Freedom Foundation had demanded their removal in May 2020, but theVeterans Administration (VA) resisted on the grounds that they were historical. The VA resisted until SenatorTed Cruz (R-TX) and CongressmenWill Hurd (R-TX23) andKay Granger (R-TX12) put pressure on them.[1][2]
German POW marker, Knights cross recipientItalian POW markerJapanese POW marker
In February 2023, the Department of Veterans Affairs dedicated new headstones at the cemetery for 17 black soldiers who were wrongly blamed and executed for arace riot that occurred in 1917. The military trials were marked by irregularities, a rush to judgment and the failure to appoint an attorney to defend the men.
Most of those executed were initially buried in unmarked graves, then reburied at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery in 1937 with only their names and dates of death inscribed. Army SecretaryChristine Wormuth vacated the soldiers’ convictions in 2023 and their records now reflect honorable discharges. New headstones have been provided by the VA.[3]
GeneralRichard E. Cavazos, United States Army's first Hispanic four-star general.
Lt. ColonelGranville C. Coggs, prominent U.S. medical doctor, U.S. Army Air Force/U.S. Air Force/U.S. Air Force Reserves officer, and trained bombardier pilot with the famed Tuskegee Airmen or "Red Tails." First African American to serve as a staff physician at the Kaiser Hospital inSan Francisco, California.
ColonelRalph Parr, WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam War veteran; only person to be awardedDistinguished Service Cross andAir Force Cross; credited with ten aerial kills (double ace) during Korean War, including the last aerial kill of the war - anIl-12.
