Fort Namaqua | |
|---|---|
Trading post | |
| Nickname(s): Medina's Crossing, Namaqua Station, Mariano's Crossing, Big Thompson, Miraville | |
  Fort Namaqua Location of the historical marker at Namaqua Park, Loveland | |
| Coordinates:40°23′59″N105°7′19″W / 40.39972°N 105.12194°W /40.39972; -105.12194 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Colorado |
| County | Larimer |
| Town | Loveland |
Fort Namaqua, some of its other names areMariano's Crossing andNamaqua Station,[1][2] was atrading post from 1858[2] or 1859. It was located in the present-day city ofLoveland, Colorado inLarimer County, Colorado.[3] In 1862, it became astage station for travelers along the foothills to Denver. A fort was built at the site after 60 horses were driven off the property. Medina also developed a small settlement with people from his hometown ofTaos, New Mexico. The site was named Namaqua in 1868, with the establishment of a post office. Buildings were used until the 1920s and were later dismantled. A historical marker is located at Namaqua Park, near the site of the former fort and station. A copper sculpture honors Mariano Medina at the site of the Mariano Medina Family Cemetery.
Mariano Medina (also Modena and Modina), bornin Taos in the province ofSanta Fe de Nuevo México (now the state ofNew Mexico),[4][5] was of Native American and Spanish heritage.[6] His father was aCastillian, who came to North America from Spain.[5]
Medina had been a fur trapper and trader, working for theAmerican Fur Company.[4][5] He was a scout and interpreter on expeditions for theUnited States Army[4][5] and officials for eleven years,[5] throughout the western frontier. He served out of andFort Bridger[5] andFort Laramie in Wyoming.[4][5] He worked for and with GeneralAlbert Sidney Johnston on the Salt Lake expedition (Utah War),John C. Frémont,Kit Carson, CaptainRandolph B. Marcy, the Bents (Charles andWilliam Bent), and CaptainJoseph R. Walker.[5] He was among the most revered frontiersmen, on par withJim Bridger,Kit Carson, andJim Baker.[6] From the sketch of his life, it "has been one of ceaseless activity, hazard and privation, his Indian fights and skirmishes far outnumber his years, and his hair-breadth escapes seem almost miraculous."[5]
In 1858, he came to northern Colorado with his wife, Marie "Tacenecy" Papin, five children, and servants from theSan Luis Valley[4][6] to establish the Fort Namaqua trading post and stage station, one of the earliest businesses in the pre-state history of Colorado.[2][3] He reportedly spoke thirteen languages;[5] he spoke Spanish and English, and likely spoke some French and Indian dialects, as his wife was Native American and there were French fur trappers in the area.[1]
The trading post was located alongside theOverland Trail where it crossed theBig Thompson River.[4] Medina established a toll bridge across the river and settlement, Namaqua, with a school, church, and a post office.[1][4] Medina operated a farm in the area.[2] He and his family were the first permanent settlers in what is nowLoveland, Colorado.[4]
Four of Medina's children died between 1864 and 1872.[4] Medina's wife died in 1874 and Medina died in 1878.[6] The Medina family members were buried .5 miles (0.80 km) from their house in a cemetery, now a historic landmark in southwestLoveland, Colorado.[4] The Loveland Historical Society engaged Olivia Lowe to create the copper-panel sculpture, "Gazing at Longs Peak", in memory of Medina.[4] The eight bodies that had been buried at the cemetery had been moved many years ago to Namaqua Park and, until the sculpture was added, all that had remained was a marker of stones to identify the site of Medina's cemetery.[4]
The first permanent settler in the Big Thompson Valley, Medina established a trading post called Fort Namaqua. He recruited people from his hometown of Taos to help build log buildings for the settlement called Namaqua of 100 people.[1][7] It was located on the crossing of several trails, including the Texas andOverland Trails, the Denver and Laramie Trails, and branches off theSouth Platte, and oldOregon Trails.[2][3] The fort was located west of the present-day Namaqua Road and on the north side of theBig Thompson River, where Medina built and operated a toll bridge.[1]
Sixty of his horses were looted byUte people in 1861. He followed the Utes for 25 miles and shot one of them as the remaining men fled. He then built a stone fort on the north side of the Big Thompson, with six gun ports. The walls were up to 20 inches thick and the roof was built with logs, sandstone slabs, and topped with a foot of earth.[1]
In 1862, the fort became a stage station for the Holladay Overland Stage company along theCherokee Trail, specifically in this area betweenLaporte andDenver.[1] The Namaqua, Colorado Territory, post office operated from January 28, 1868, until January 3, 1879.[8] Colorado became a state on August 1, 1876.[9] After the fort was no longer needed and abandoned, the stone building was converted to an ice house. Until the 1920s, the log buildings were continuing to be used. They then fell into disrepair and were dismantled,[1] except for Medina's cabin which was restored and preserved at the Loveland museum.[10] Medina's grave was moved to Namaqua Park in 1960. A marker was placed in the park near the site of the former stage station.[2]
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| Trading posts and civilian forts |
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| U.S. and Spanish military forts |
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| Related articles | |||||||||
