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Fort Howard was a 19th-centuryfortification in thenorth centralUnited States, built by theU.S. Army. It was located along the west bank of theFox River inGreen Bay, Wisconsin.[1]
Along withFort Crawford atPrairie du Chien, Fort Howard was constructed during theWar of 1812 to protect theFox-Wisconsin Waterway, an important regional trade and travel route betweenLake Michigan and theMississippi River, fromBritish invasion. The fort was built at the site of the earlier FrenchFort La Baye (and renamed Fort Edward Augustus by the British in 1761). The initial estimate of its building cost was $16,644.70.(Military History of the Upper Great Lakes) For a time it was commanded byZachary Taylor.[2]
During an outbreak ofmalaria in 1820, the garrison moved toCamp Smith[3] on higher ground nearby. Fort Howard was reoccupied two years later. Abandoned again in 1841, when the garrison was sent toFlorida during theSeminole Wars, the fort was officially decommissioned in 1853.
In 1863, the United States government granted land to the States of Michigan and Wisconsin for construction of a military road between Fort Howard andFort Wilikins near Copper Harbor, Michigan. This road was completed in 1872.[4]
Following the fort's closure its buildings fell into decay. Several structures were subsequently removed to the Camp Smith site, where they are now part of theHeritage Hill State Historical Park. Three of the fort's remaining structures are listed on theNational Register of Historic Places: thehospital,hospital ward, andofficers' quarters.
In the 20th century, theFort Howard Paper Company was apulp and paper manufacturer based in Green Bay, founded byAustin E. Cofrin in 1919. It merged withJames River in 1997 to formFort James Corporation and became part ofGeorgia-Pacific in 2000.
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