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Foreign relations of Ukraine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the foreign relations of Ukraine. For a chronological list of diplomatic relations established, seeList of diplomatic relations of Ukraine.
flagUkraine portal
Countries with which Ukraine (marked with red) has diplomatic relations.

Ukraine has formal relations with many nations and in recent decades has been establishing diplomatic relations with an expanding circle of nations. Theforeign relations of Ukraine are guided by a number of key priorities outlined in theforeign policy of Ukraine.

Western relations

[edit]

Ukraine considers Euro-Atlantic integration its primary foreign policy objective, but in practice balances its relationship with Europe and the United States while attempting to sever its considerable ties to Russia. TheEuropean Union's Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) with Ukraine went into force on March 1, 1998. The European Union (EU) has encouraged Ukraine to implement the PCA fully before discussions begin on an association agreement. The EU Common Strategy toward Ukraine, issued at the EU Summit in December 1999 inHelsinki, recognizes Ukraine's long-term aspirations but does not discuss association.[1]

On January 31, 1992, Ukraine joined the then-Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (now theOrganization for Security and Cooperation in Europe—OSCE), and on March 10, 1992, it became a member of theNorth Atlantic Cooperation Council. Ukraine also has a close relationship withNATO and has declared interest in eventual membership. It is the most active member of thePartnership for Peace (PfP). Former PresidentViktor Yushchenko indicated that he supports Ukraine joining the EU in the future. Plans for Ukrainian membership to NATO were shelved by Ukraine following the2010 Ukrainian presidential election in whichViktor Yanukovych was electedPresident.[1]

Yanukovych opted to keep Ukraine a non-aligned state.[2] This materialized on June 3, 2010 when theUkrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) excluded, with 226 votes, the goal of "integration into Euro-Atlantic security and NATO membership" from the country's national security strategy giving the country a non-aligned status.[3][4] "European integration" has remained part of Ukraine's national security strategy and co-operation with NATO was not excluded.[4]

Ukraine then considered relations with NATO as a partnership.[5][6] Ukraine and NATO continued to hold joint seminars and joint tactical and strategical exercises.[7][8] After February 2014'sYanukovych ouster and theRussian annexation of Crimea, the nation has renewed its drive for NATO membership.[3] On 23 December 2014 the Verkhovna Rada abolished, with 303 votes, Ukraine's non-aligned status.[3]

On July 30, 2014, theUS Senate passed a bill that gives Ukraine,Georgia, andMoldova the status of non–NATO allies. Now, in the event of direct military aggression against these countries, the United States can bring its troops into these countries to protect them from external aggression.[9]

Diplomatic missions of Ukraine

Bilateral security agreements

[edit]
Long-term bilateral security agreements of Ukraine since 2024.
  States having signed long-term bilateral security agreements with Ukraine since 2024(includingUnited States,Canada,Japan; not on map)
  EU member states indirectly included in the 27 June 2024 long-term bilateral security agreement between theEuropean Union and Ukraine

In early 2024, following the 24 February 2022Russian invasion of Ukraine, a number of allies of Ukraine signed long-term bilateral security treaties with Ukraine for many years to come (often a period of 10 years).[10] They resulted from a declaration by the G7 countries at a NATO Summit in Washington on 12 July 2023, concluding the establishment of a framework of bilateral security agreements of long-term military, materiel and economic support for Ukraine's defence.[10] The bilateral agreements prioritised strengthening Ukrainian air defence systems, artillery, long-range strike capabilities, armour, and combat aviation to fend off Russian military aggression.[10]

  • 12 January 2024: TheUnited Kingdom signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[11]
  • 16 February 2024:France andGermany signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.[12][13]
  • 23 February 2024:Denmark signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[14]
  • 24 February 2024:Canada andItaly signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.[15][16]

As of 2025,Slovakia[17] andSouth Korea is negotiating long-term bilateral security agreements with Ukraine.[18] 30 countries as well as the European Union had signed bilateral security treaties with Ukraine.[19]

  • 1 March 2024: TheNetherlands signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[20][19]
  • 3 April 2024:Finland signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[21]
  • 11 April 2024:Latvia signed a 10-year bilateral security agreement with Ukraine.[22]
  • 27 May 2024:Spain signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[23]
  • 28 May 2024:Belgium andPortugal signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.[24][25]
  • 31 May 2024:Sweden,Norway andIceland signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.[26][27][28]
  • 13 June 2024: TheUnited States andJapan signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.[29][30]
  • 27 June 2024:Estonia,Lithuania and theEuropean Union signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.[31][32][33]
  • 8 July 2024:Poland signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[34]
  • 10 July 2024:Luxembourg signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[35]
  • 11 July 2024:Romania signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[36]
  • 18 July 2024:Czech Republic andSlovenia signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.[37][38]
  • 4 September 2024:Ireland signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[39]
  • 9 October 2024:Croatia signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[40]
  • 17 October 2024:Greece signed a 10-year bilateral security and defense cooperation agreement with Ukraine, on the sidelines of the European Council in Brussels.[41]
  • 27 November 2024: The caretaker government ofBulgaria approved a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[42] The signing of the agreement was however postponed until an unspecified date in 2025,[43][44][45] due to the largest Bulgarian party (GERB–SDS) only giving their approval for a subsequent (yet to be formed)regular government to sign it, while they rejected the request to give approval for a caretaker government to sign it.[46][47]
  • 16 January 2025:United Kingdom signed a 100-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[48]
  • 21 January 2025:Albania signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[49]
  • 15 May 2025:Montenegro signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.[50]

Relations with CIS states

[edit]

Ukraine's relations with Russia had been complicated by energy dependence and by payment arrears. However, relations improved with the 1998 ratification of the bilateral Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation. The two sides have signed a series of agreements on the final division and disposition of the formerSovietBlack Sea Fleet that helped to reduce tensions. However, Ukraine cut diplomatic relations with Russia as a response to theRussian invasion of Ukraine.[51]

Ukraine became a (non-official) member of theCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS) on December 8, 1991. In January 1993 it refused to endorse a draft charter strengthening political, economic, and defense ties among CIS members, and completely ceased to participate as a member in March 2014. Ukraine was a founding member ofGUAM (Georgia-Ukraine-Azerbaijan-Moldova).

In 1999–2001, Ukraine served as a non-permanent member of theUN Security Council. Soviet Ukraine joined the United Nations in 1945 as one of the original members following a Western compromise with the Soviet Union, which had asked for seats for all 15 of its union republics. Ukraine has consistently supported peaceful, negotiated settlements to disputes. It has participated in the quadripartite talks on the conflict in Moldova and promoted a peaceful resolution to conflict in the post-Soviet state of Georgia.

Leonid Derkach (chairman of the SBU, which is Ukraine's security service, successor to the KGB) was fired due to Western pressure after he organized the sale of radar systems to Iraq while such sales were embargoed.[52]

International disputes

[edit]

Belarus

[edit]
Further information:Belarus–Ukraine relations

The 1997 boundary treaty with Belarus remains un-ratified due to unresolved financial claims, stalling demarcation and reducing border security.

Russia

[edit]
Further information:Russia–Ukraine relations

Delimitation of the land boundary with Russia is incomplete, but the parties have agreed to defer demarcation. Themaritime boundary through theSea of Azov and theKerch Strait remains unresolved despite a December 2003 framework agreement and ongoing expert-level discussions.Prime MinisterVladimir Putin allegedly declared at aNATO-Russia summit in 2008 that ifUkraine would join NATO his country can contend to annex theUkrainian East andCrimea. As of April 2024, Russia has annexed the Crimean peninsula and partly four other regions of Ukraine: Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia.[53]

Starting in November 2013, the decision by Ukrainian PresidentViktor Yanukovych to back out of signing an integration agreement with theEuropean Union started aperiod of civil unrest betweenUkrainians who favored integration with the European Union andthose who wanted closer ties with Russia. This culminated in theRevolution of Dignity. Russia took advantage of this political instability toannex Crimea in March 2014, thoughUkraine still claims sovereignty over the territory by any kind of international law.Russia has also allegedly supported quasi-separatist forces in thewar in Donbas. In December 2015 Russian hackers reportedlyhacked Ukraine's power grids leading to a blackout and widespread terror.

On 24 February 2022, diplomatic relations were cut with Russia as a response to theRussian invasion of Ukraine.[51]

Moldova

[edit]
Further information:Moldova–Ukraine relations

Moldova and Ukraine have established joint customs posts to monitor transit through Moldova's break-awayTransnistria Region which remains underOSCE supervision.

Romania

[edit]
Further information:Romania–Ukraine relations

Ukraine andRomania havesettled their dispute over the Ukrainian-administeredZmiyinyy (Snake) Island and the Black Sea maritime boundary at theInternational Court of Justice. The 2010 CIA World Factbook states that "Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from theDanube border through Ukraine to theBlack Sea".[54]

Investment promotion

[edit]

State enterpriseInvestUkraine was created[55] under the State Agency for Investment and National Projects (National Projects)[56] to serve as aOne Stop Shop for investors and to deliver investment consulting services.

Dual Citizenship

[edit]

In June 2025, Ukraine legalized multiple citizenship.[57][58]

Relations by country

[edit]

Multilateral

[edit]
See also:International membership of Ukraine
OrganizationFormal relations beganNotes
European UnionDecember 1991[59]SeeUkraine–European Union relations,Accession of Ukraine to the European Union

TheEastern Partnership is meant to complement theNorthern Dimension by providing an institutionalized forum for discussing visa agreements, free trade deals and strategic partnership agreements with the EU's eastern neighbours.

United Nations1945[60]SeeEconomic Commission of Europe,Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
NATO1991[61]SeeUkraine–NATO relations,Partnership for Peace program,Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
Commonwealth of Independent States21 December 1991[62]SeeUkraine–Commonwealth of Independent States relations

Ukraine is a signatory of both theBelovezh Accords andAlma-Ata Protocol; however, it has never ratified either agreement and has never been a member of the CIS.[citation needed] Largely ceased to participate in the CIS from 2014, and withdrew representatives from all CIS statutory bodies in 2018 as a result of theRusso-Ukrainian War.[63]

Africa

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Algeria20 August 1992[64]SeeAlgeria–Ukraine relations
  • Algeria recognized Ukraine's independence in 1992.
  • Algeria has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inAlgiers (opened in 1999).[65]
  • Military and trade agreements between the two countries were signed in 1993 and 1994.[65]
Botswana3 March 2004[64]
  • Botswana recognized Ukraine's independence on February 11, 1992.[64]
Cape Verde25 March 1992[64]
CAR14 September 1995[64]See Central African Republic–Ukraine relations
Comoros23 July 1993[64]
Egypt25 January 1992[64]SeeEgypt–Ukraine relations
  • Since 1993, Egypt has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Since 1993, Ukraine has an embassy in Cairo and an honorary consulate in Alexandria.
Guinea4 April 1992[64]
Guinea-Bissau12 February 2009[64]
Kenya5 May 1993[64]SeeKenya–Ukraine relations
  • Kenya is accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inNairobi.
MalawiDecember 22, 1998[64]
  • Malawi is accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Ukraine is accredited to Malawi from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • The presidents of Ukraine and Malawi,Volodymyr Zelenskyy andLazarus Chakwera, spoke on the phone for the first time ever in the history of bilateral relations on August 4, 2022. Following theRussian invasion of Ukraine, PresidentLazarus Chakwera urged Russia to withdraw from Ukraine.[70]
Mauritania30 September 1992[64]
  • Mauritania is represented in Ukraine by its embassy inMoscow,Russia.[71]
  • On 24 May 2024, Ukraine opened its embassy in Mauritania.[72] Until 2024, Ukraine was represented in Mauritania by its embassy inRabat,Morocco.[71][73]
South Africa16 March 1992[64]SeeSouth Africa–Ukraine relations
  • South Africa established its embassy inKyiv in October 1992.[74]
  • Ukraine established its embassy inPretoria in 1995.[75]
Sudan4 June 1992[76]SeeSudan-Ukraine relations
  • Sudan has an embassy in Kyiv.
Tunisia24 June 1992[64]
  • Tunisia recognized Ukraine's independence on December 25, 1991.[64]
Uganda7 September 1994[64]
Zambia22 April 1993[64]SeeUkraine–Zambia relations
  • Zambia recognized Ukraine's independence on December 30, 1991.[64]

Americas

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Argentina6 January 1992[79]SeeArgentina–Ukraine relations
Belize1 October 1999[83]
Bolivia8 February 1992[85]
Brazil11 February 1992[87]SeeBrazil–Ukraine relations
Canada27 January 1992[91]SeeCanada–Ukraine relations
ChileSeeChile–Ukraine relations
  • Chile is accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Warsaw, Poland.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inSantiago.
Cuba12 March 1992[91]
  • Cuba has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inHavana.
Dominica25 April 2019[94]
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 25, 2019.[95][96][97][98]
  • The two countries also signed a visa waver agreement.[99]
El Salvador14 April 1999[87]SeeEl Salvador–Ukraine relations
Guyana15 November 2001[100]
Honduras17 September 2002[79]
Mexico14 January 1992[91]SeeMexico–Ukraine relations
Panama21 May 1993[87]
Paraguay26 February 1993[79]
  • Paraguay is represented in Ukraine through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).[103]
  • Ukraine is represented in Paraguay through its embassy inBuenos Aires (Argentina) and an honorary consulate inAsunción.
  • There is an important community of people of Ukrainian origins in Paraguay (between 10,000 and 15,000 people), most of whom arrived at the beginning of the 20th century. (See alsoUkrainians in Paraguay)
Peru7 May 1992[79]
  • Peru is accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inLima.
United States3 January 1992[91]SeeUkraine–United States relations
Uruguay18 May 1992[79]SeeUkraine–Uruguay relations
Venezuela29 September 1993[87]SeeUkraine–Venezuela relations

Asia

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Armenia25 December 1991[107]SeeArmenia–Ukraine relations
  • Armenian-Ukrainian relations have lasted for centuries and today are cordial.
  • Armenian communities existed in the medieval Kyivian State as far back as the 12th century. These communities developed intoArmenian settlements.[108]
  • Armenia has an embassy in Kyiv and consulates in Odesa, Kharkiv, Ternopil, and Cherkasy.[2]
  • Ukraine has an embassy inYerevan.[109]
Azerbaijan6 February 1992[107]SeeAzerbaijan–Ukraine relations
  • Azerbaijan plays an important role in the foreign policy of Ukraine due to its strategic role. Both countries are among the founding members ofGUAM and after their independence fromthe Soviet Union, they have remained close. The relations of strategic cooperation, political, economical, and cultural relations between two countries are at a high level.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy inKyiv.[110]
  • Ukraine has an embassy inBaku.[111]
  • There are about 32,000 Ukrainians who live in Azerbaijan, and there are over 45,000Azerbaijanis in Ukraine.
  • The two countries support each other in entering international organizations.[112]
  • Ukraine supports the peaceful resolution of the conflict of theNagorno-Karabakh conflict within the framework of Azerbaijan's territorial integrity and is ready to take part in possible peacekeeping operation under the mandate of theUnited Nations.
Bahrain20 July 1992[64]SeeBahrain–Ukraine relations
Bangladesh24 February 1992[113]SeeBangladesh–Ukraine relations
Brunei3 October 1997[113]SeeBrunei–Ukraine relations
Cambodia23 April 1992SeeCambodia–Ukraine relations
China4 January 1992[113]SeeChina–Ukraine relations
  • China has an embassy inKyiv and a consulate-general inOdesa.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Beijing and a consulate-general in Shanghai.
  • Chinese Ukrainian trade relations have intensified since 2008[114] and are growing; for instance various Chinese companies are interested in investing in the construction of a largeorbital road around Kyiv and in building a number of bridges across theDnipro River.[115] China intends to provide a loan of 25 millionyuan (aboutUSD 3.7 million) to Ukraine.[116]
  • Ukraine has also begun providing China with jet engines for military aircraft.[117][118]
Georgia22 July 1992[107]SeeGeorgia–Ukraine relations

Since their independence from the Soviet Union, both countries consider each other as strategic partners and have forged close political and cultural relations. During theShevardnadze era, the Georgian government maintained its close relations with Ukraine. In April 1993, Georgia and Ukraine signed 20 documents, including a treaty on friendship and cooperation.[119] However, the relationship has further enhanced afterRose Revolution in Georgia andOrange Revolution in Ukraine. During the Orange Revolutions, many Georgians rallied inKyiv in support of Viktor Yushchenko. Both countries maintain pro-western political orientation and aspire to joinNATO and theEuropean Union.

The close friendship between PresidentsMikheil Saakashvili andViktor Yushchenko has also played an important role in recent political and cultural unity of the two countries. However, the cultural and political unity between two nations existed long ago. There are many cultural events in both courtiers, celebrating close relations between Georgian and Ukrainian people. In 2007, Georgians unveiled a statue toTaras Shevchenko in Tbilisi while Ukrainians erected the statue of Georgia's epic poetShota Rustaveli in Kyiv.

India17 January 1992[113]SeeIndia–Ukraine relations
  • The Indian Embassy inKyiv was opened in May 1992 andUkraine opened its Mission in New Delhi in February 1993. The Consulate General of India inOdesa functioned from 1962 till its closure in March 1999.
Indonesia11 June 1992[113]SeeIndonesia–Ukraine relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inJakarta.
Iran22 January 1992[120]SeeIran–Ukraine relations
Iraq16 December 1992[64]SeeIraq–Ukraine relations
  • Ukraine has an embassy inBaghdad and Iraq has an embassy inKyiv.
  • A small contingent of Ukrainians operated in Iraq in the wake of theinvasion of Iraq mainly concerning police work and reconstruction.
Israel26 December 1991[64]SeeIsrael–Ukraine relations
Japan26 January 1992[113]SeeJapan–Ukraine relations
  • Japan extended recognition to the Ukrainian state on December 28, 1991, immediately after the breakup of theSoviet Union.
  • Ukraine maintains an embassy inTokyo.[125]
  • Japan maintains an embassy inKyiv.[126]
Kazakhstan23 July 1992[113]SeeKazakhstan–Ukraine relations
Lebanon14 December 1992[64]SeeLebanon–Ukraine relations
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inBeirut.
Malaysia3 March 1992[113]SeeMalaysia–Ukraine relations
Myanmar19 January 1999[132]SeeMyanmar–Ukraine relations
North KoreaDiplomatic relations severed 13 July 2022[133][134]
  • North Korea recognised independent Ukraine on 9 January 1992.
  • Ukraine has been shown to have sold rocket engines used for missiles to North Korea.[117][135]
  • Ukraine cut diplomatic ties with North Korea on 13 July 2022 after North Korea recognized the independence of the eastern regions of Luhansk and Donetsk, and has since withdrew the recognition of North Korea as they referred "Korea" as theRepublic of Korea on the list of foreign diplomatic missions listed on Ukrainian MFA website.[136]
Pakistan16 March 1992[113]SeePakistan–Ukraine relations
  • Pakistan recognized Ukraine's independence in 1991.
  • Pakistan has an embassy inKyiv.[137]
  • Ukraine has an embassy inIslamabad.[138]
  • Ukraine and Pakistan have been cooperating with each other in educational sector as well as cultural exchanges. Pakistan and Ukraine are also heavily cooperating with each other in aerospace engineering, aerospace technologies, bio-medical sciences and science and technology.
Palestine2 November 2001[64]SeePalestine–Ukraine relations
Philippines7 April 1992[113]SeePhilippines–Ukraine relations
  • The Philippines recognized Ukraine's independence on 22 January 1992.
  • The Philippines is represented in Ukraine through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
  • Ukraine is represented in the Philippines through its embassy in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia).
  • Ukraine will open an embassy in Manila in 2024.[139]
Saudi Arabia14 April 1993[64]SeeSaudi Arabia–Ukraine relations
  • Saudi Arabia recognized Ukraine's independence in 1992.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inRiyadh and an honorary consulate inJeddah.[140]
  • In January 2003, Ukrainian PresidentLeonid Kuchma made an official visit toSaudi Arabia.
Singapore31 March 1992[113]SeeSingapore–Ukraine relations
  • Singapore recognized Ukraine's independence on January 2, 1992.
  • Singapore is represented in Ukraine through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).[141]
  • Since December 2002, Ukraine has an embassy and an honorary consulate inSingapore.[142]
  • In 2007, the two countries commenced negotiations for afree trade agreement.[143] In 2006, Ukraine was Singapore's 55th largest trading partner last year, with total trade amounting toS$774 million[144]
  • In 2007, the two countries signed a double taxation agreement.[145]
South Korea10 February 1992[146]SeeSouth Korea–Ukraine relations
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Seoul.[147]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Kyiv.[148]
  • Since 13 July 2022, Ukraine has recognized the Republic of Korea as the sole legitimate government in the Korean Peninsula.[citation needed]
Syria31 March 1992
  • Syria recognised independent Ukraine on 28 December 1991 and established relations since March 31, 1992.
  • Relations were positive until 2011, but have been on pause since then.[149]
  • Ukraine had an embassy in Damascus before it was closed in 2016.
  • Ukraine cut diplomatic ties with Syria on 29 June 2022 after Syria recognized the independence of the eastern regions of Luhansk and Donetsk.[64][150]
  • After thefall of the Assad regime, on 30 December 2024, Ukraine and Syria moved to reestablish the partnership and diplomatic relations between countries.[151][152]
  • Ties were formally restored on 24 September 2025.[153]
TaiwanNo official relationsDe facto relations[154]SeeTaiwan–Ukraine relations
  • After the fall of the Soviet Union, Taiwan tried to establish diplomatic relationships with Ukraine before China but ultimately failed after two diplomatic visits by Vice Minister of Foreign AffairsChiang Hsiao-yen.
  • During the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Taiwan sent 27 tons of humanitarian aid to Ukraine.
Thailand6 May 1992[113]SeeThailand–Ukraine relations
  • Thailand is represented in Ukraine through its consulate in Kyiv.[155]
  • Ukraine has an embassy and an honorary consulate inBangkok.
Turkey3 February 1992[107]SeeTurkey–Ukraine relations

Turkey and Ukraine have a long chronology of historical, geographic, and cultural contact. Diplomatic relations between both countries were established in the early 1990s when Turkey became one of the first states in the world to announce officially their recognition of sovereign Ukraine.

United Arab Emirates15 October 1992
  • Ukraine has an embassy inAbu Dhabi and a consulate inDubai.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kyiv.
Uzbekistan25 August 1992[113]SeeUkraine–Uzbekistan relations
Vietnam23 January 1992[113]SeeUkraine–Vietnam relations
  • Ukraine has an embassy inHanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Kyiv.

Europe

[edit]
Further information:Accession of Ukraine to the European Union andUkraine–European Union relations

Ukraine and all UN member states in Europe, except Belarus and Kazakhstan, are members of theCouncil of Europe.[158]

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Albania13 January 1993[87]SeeAlbania–Ukraine relations
Andorra19 April 1996[107]SeeAndorra–Ukraine relations
Austria24 January 1992[159]SeeAustria–Ukraine relations
Belarus27 December 1991[107]SeeBelarus–Ukraine relations
Belgium10 March 1992[107]SeeBelgium–Ukraine relations
  • Belgium has an embassy inKyiv; Ukraine has an embassy inBrussels and two honorary consulates (inAntwerp andMons).
  • Although politically the two nations are not closely connected, they have a long history of economic integration and trade, with Belgian investment playing a role in thecontemporary Ukrainian economy. As of 2008, trade revenue generated between the two nations accounted for approximatelyUSD1 billion.
Bosnia and Herzegovina30 January 1993[107]
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is represented in Ukraine through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary)[162] and a honorary consulate inKyiv.[163]
  • Ukraine has an embassy inSarajevo.[164]
Bulgaria13 December 1991[107]SeeBulgaria–Ukraine relations
Croatia18 February 1992[107]SeeCroatia–Ukraine relations
  • Croatia has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inZagreb.
Cyprus19 February 1992[87]
  • The Cypriot embassy in Berlin (Germany) is also accredited as a non-resident embassy to Ukraine. Cyprus also has two honorary consulates (inKyiv and inMariupol).[166]
  • Ukraine has an embassy inNicosia and an honorary consulate inLimassol.[167]
Czech Republic18 February 1992[107]SeeCzech Republic–Ukraine relations
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inPrague.
Denmark12 February 1992[107]SeeDenmark–Ukraine relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inCopenhagen.
Estonia4 January 1992[107]SeeEstonia–Ukraine relations
Finland26 February 1992[107]SeeFinland–Ukraine relations
  • Finland has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inHelsinki.
France24 January 1992[107]SeeFrance–Ukraine relations
Germany17 January 1992[107]SeeGermany–Ukraine relations
Greece15 January 1992[107]SeeGreece–Ukraine relations
Holy See8 February 1992[107]SeeHoly See–Ukraine relations
Hungary3 December 1991[107]SeeHungary–Ukraine relations
Iceland30 March 1992[107]
  • Iceland is represented in Ukraine through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland).[175]
  • Ukraine is represented in Iceland through its embassy in Helsinki (Finland) and through an honorary consulate in Reykjavík.[176]
Ichkeria18 October 2022[177][178]
Ireland1 April 1992[179]SeeIreland–Ukraine relations
  • Ireland recognized the Ukrainian state in 1991.
  • Ireland has an embassy in Kyiv.[180]
  • Ukraine has an embassy inDublin.[181]
  • There are 3,343Ukrainians living in Ireland.[182]
Italy29 January 1992[107]SeeItaly–Ukraine relations
Latvia12 February 1992[107]SeeLatvia–Ukraine relations
Liechtenstein6 February 1992[107]SeeLiechtenstein-Ukraine relations
  • Liechtenstein is represented through Switzerland in its embassy inKyiv.
  • Ukraine is represented through Switzerland in theEmbassy of Ukraine, Bern.
Lithuania12 December 1991[107]SeeLithuania–Ukraine relations
Gitanas Nausėda meetsVolodymyr Zelenskyy during theRussian invasion of Ukraine
Luxembourg1 July 1992[107]SeeLuxembourg–Ukraine relations
Malta5 March 1992[191]SeeMalta–Ukraine relations
  • The Maltese embassy in Moscow (Russia) is also accredited as a non-resident embassy to Ukraine.
  • Ukraine is represented in Malta throughits embassy in Rome (Italy).
Moldova27 December 1991[107]SeeMoldova–Ukraine relations
  • Ukraine opened an embassy inChișinău and a consulate inBălți in 2005.[citation needed] The Ukrainian ambassador in Chișinău is Serhiy Pirozhkov.
  • The border between Moldova and Ukraine is 985 kilometers.
  • Ukrainians are the second largest ethnicity group in Moldova after ethnic Moldavians. There are 442,346 Ukrainians in Moldova, which represents 11.2% of the population. Moldavians are the fourth ethnic minority in Ukraine.[citation needed]
  • As of the2001 Ukrainian Census, there were 258,600 Moldavians in Ukraine[citation needed] – which represents 0,5% of the Ukrainian population. For 70.0% ofMoldavian speaking Ukrainians,[citation needed] Russian (17.6%) andUkrainian (10.7%) are the native languages.
Monaco26 July 2007[192]
Montenegro22 August 2006[193]SeeMontenegro–Ukraine relations
  • Ukraine recognized the Republic of Montenegro on June 15, 2006.[194] Both countries established diplomatic relations on August 22, 2006.
  • The Ukrainian embassy in Belgrade (Serbia) is accredited as a non resident embassy to Montenegro.
  • In 2008, both countries indicated an intent to open resident embassies.[195]
Netherlands1 April 1992[107]SeeNetherlands–Ukraine relations
North Macedonia20 April 1995[107]SeeNorth Macedonia–Ukraine relations
  • North Macedonia has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inSkopje.
Norway5 February 1992[107]SeeNorway–Ukraine relations
  • Norway recognized Ukraine's independence in 1991.
  • Norway has an embassy inKyiv.[198]
  • Ukraine has an embassy and an honorary consulate inOslo.[199]
Poland4 January 1992[107]SeePoland–Ukraine relations
  • Poland was the first country in the world to recognize Ukrainian independence. The relations have been improving since, with Poland and Ukraine forming a strong strategic partnership.[200] Various controversies from their shared history occasionally resurface in Polish–Ukrainian relations, but they do not have a major influence on the bilateral relations of Poland and Ukraine.[201]

Both countries share a border of about 529 km.[202] Poland's acceptance of theSchengen Agreement created problems with the Ukrainian border traffic. On July 1, 2009, an agreement onlocal border traffic between the two country's came into effect. This agreement enables Ukrainian citizens living in border regions to cross the Polish frontier according to a liberalized procedure.[203]

Portugal27 January 1992[107]SeePortugal–Ukraine relations
  • Portugal recognized Ukraine's independence in 1991.
  • Portugal has an embassy inKyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy and an honorary consulate inLisbon and a consulate inPorto.[204]
  • There are between 40,000 and 150,000Ukrainians living in Portugal.[citation needed]
Romania1 February 1992[107]SeeRomania–Ukraine relations
RussiaDiplomatic relations severed 24 February 2022[205][206]SeeRussia–Ukraine relations

Established relations in February 14, 1992 Russia formerly had anembassy inKyiv andconsulates inKharkiv,Lviv,Odesa andSimferopol. Ukraine had anembassy in Moscow andconsulates inRostov-on-Don,Saint Petersburg,Tyumen andVladivostok. Relations between the two country's governments have been unfriendly since the presidency ofLeonid Kuchma expired. Russian Prime MinisterVladimir Putin allegedly declared at aNATO–Russia summit in 2008 thatif Ukraine would join NATO his country could contend to annex theUkrainian East andCrimea.[53] Some analysts believe that the current Russian leadership is determined to prevent a Russian equivalent of the UkrainianOrange Revolution in Russia. This mindset is supposed to explain not only Russian domestic policy but its sensitivity over events abroad as well.[207]

Many in Ukraine and beyond believe thatRussia has periodically used its vast energy resources to bully its smaller, dependent neighbour, but theRussian Government argues instead that it is internal squabbling amongstUkraine's political elite that is to blame for the deadlock.[208] Later, Putin stated that the government of the Russian Federation respects the sovereignty of Ukraine, while several Russian parliamentarians as well some governors were urging the liquidation of Ukraine.

Starting in November 2013, the decision by Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych to back out of signing an integration agreement with theEuropean Union started a period of civil unrest betweenUkrainians who favored integration with the European Union andthose who wanted closer ties with Russia, culminating in theRevolution of Dignity. Russia took advantage of this political instability toannex Crimea in March 2014, thoughUkraine still claims sovereignty over the territory.Russia has also allegedly supported separatist forces in thewar in Donbas. In December 2015, Russian hackers reportedlyhacked Ukraine's power grids leading to a blackout and widespread terror. On 24 February 2022,Russia launched an invasion of Ukraine, which prompted Ukraine to break diplomatic ties with the country.[209][210]

San Marino24 March 1995[211]SeeSan Marino–Ukraine relations
Serbia15 April 1994[107]SeeSerbia–Ukraine relations
  • Serbia recognized Ukraine in December 1991 by the decision on the recognition of the former republics of theSoviet Union.
  • Ukraine has an embassy inBelgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inKyiv.
Slovakia30 January 1993[107]SeeSlovakia–Ukraine relations
Slovenia10 March 1992[107]SeeSlovenia–Ukraine relations
Spain30 January 1992[107]SeeSpain–Ukraine relations
  • Spain recognized Ukraine's independence in 1991.
  • Spain has an embassy inKyiv.[218]
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Madrid and a consulate-general inBarcelona and a consulate inMálaga.[219]
Sweden13 January 1992[220]SeeSweden–Ukraine relations
 Switzerland6 February 1992[107]SeeSwitzerland–Ukraine relations
  • Contact between Switzerland and Ukraine goes back to Tsarist times.
  • Switzerland recognized Ukraine in 1991 and immediately opened an embassy inKyiv.[221]
  • Ukraine has anembassy in Bern.[222][223]
United Kingdom10 January 1992[224]SeeUkraine–United Kingdom relations
British Prime MinisterKeir Starmer withUkrainian PresidentVolodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv, January 2025.

Ukraine establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 10 January 1992.[224]

Both countries share common membership of theCouncil of Europe, theEuropean Court of Human Rights, theOSCE, aTrilateral Security Pact, theUnited Nations, and theWorld Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,[226] aDigital Trade Agreement,[227] a Double Tax Convention,[228] a Security Agreement,[229] and aPolitical, Free Trade and Strategic Partnership Agreement.[230]

Oceania

[edit]
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Australia10 January 1992[113]SeeAustralia–Ukraine relations
  • Relations with Australia are currently modest but increasing.
  • Australia and Ukraine have one bilateral treaty on agreement and economical cooperation, signed in March 1998.
  • Ukraine opened an embassy inCanberra in March 2003.[231]
  • Australia has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • [232]
Micronesia17 September 1999[233]
  • Relations only grew stronger following theRussian Invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The Federated States of Micronesia severed diplomatic relations with Russia on 25 February 2022. "The FSM affirms its stalwart support of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the United Nations, who correctly condemn the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The FSM supports the removal of the Russian Federation in its capacity as president of the United Nations Security Council; Russia remaining there is a façade, as they need to be upholding the international rules-based order instead of undermining it."[234][235]
New Zealand3 March 1992[113]

SeeNew Zealand–Ukraine relations

  • New Zealand recognized Ukraine as an independent state on 27 February 1992.
  • Since 2015, the New Zealand Embassy in Warsaw (Poland) has been accredited to act as New Zealand's embassy to Ukraine. Since October 2008, the honorary consulate of New Zealand operates in Kyiv. In December 2007, the Embassy of Ukraine in Australia was accredited to act as Ukraine's embassy for New Zealand.
  • In April 2006, New Zealand's Minister for Foreign Affairs paid an official visit to Ukraine.[236]
Solomon Islands27 September 2011[87]

Ukraine is represented in the Solomon Islands by its embassy inCanberra,Australia.[237]

Vanuatu29 September 1999[87]

Ukraine is represented in Vanuatu by its embassy inCanberra,Australia.[237]

Regional blocs

[edit]
BlocCountries
Lublin TriangleUkraine •Poland •Lithuania
Association TrioUkraine •Georgia •Moldova
British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pactUkraine •Poland •United Kingdom

See also

[edit]

External links

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toForeign relations of Ukraine.
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