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Foreign relations of Serbia

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Foreign relations of Serbia are formulated and executed by theGovernment of Serbia through itsMinistry of Foreign Affairs. Serbia has established full diplomatic relations with most world nations – 189 UN member states and 2 non-member observer state, most recentlywith the Marshall Islands in 2024.

Serbia is a member of theUnited Nations, theInternational Criminal Court, theCouncil of Europe, theOrganization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, theCentral European Initiative, theCentral European Free Trade Agreement, theInternational Monetary Fund, theWorld Bank Group, theEuropean Bank for Reconstruction and Development, theWorld Customs Organization, theInterpol, theInternational Organization for Standardization,International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, theInternational Olympic Committee, and other international organizations.

History

Medieval Serbia

Medieval Serbia’s foreign policy evolved from defensive autonomy under theVlastimirović dynasty to ambitious expansion under theNemanjić dynasty kingdom, and finally to desperate survival under theSerbian Despotate. Serbia balanced relations withByzantine Empire, Bulgaria,Kingdom of Hungary,Republic of Venice, and theOttomans, using alliances, marriages, and Orthodoxy to assert influence.[1] While achieving a briefimperial peak underStefan Dušan, Serbia’s fragmentation and the Ottoman rise led to its eventual subjugation. Its foreign policy was marked by pragmatism, adaptability, and a persistent drive to unite Serb lands, leaving a lasting cultural and political legacy in the Balkans.

Principality of Serbia

Serbia gained its autonomy from theOttoman Empire in theSerbian Revolution (1804–1817), although Ottoman troops continued to garrison the capital, Belgrade, until 1867.

The Principality of Serbia’s foreign relations were defined by its quest for independence from the Ottoman Empire, reliance on Russian support, and cautious navigation of Austrian influence. Serbia cultivated alliances withPrincipality of Montenegro andKingdom of Greece, while relations withBulgaria turned competitive. TheOttoman Empire,Austria (laterAustria-Hungary), andRussian Empire, shaped Serbia’s options, with the 1878Congress of Berlin granting independence but limiting territorial gains. Serbia’s diplomacy balanced nationalist aspirations with pragmatic cooperation, laying the groundwork for its later role as a Balkans power.[2]

Serbia explored alliances with other Balkan states to counter Ottoman and Austrian influence, however, its small size and economic dependence limited its diplomatic leverage.

Kingdom of Serbia

In 1882, Serbia was proclaimed a kingdom under King Milan I of theHouse of Obrenović, later succeeded by theHouse of Karađorđević.

The Kingdom of Serbia’s foreign relations was driven by its quest for territorial expansion and South Slavic unification. Serbia aimed to unite South Slavic territories, particularly those with Serb populations, under the concept of "Greater Serbia" or South Slavic unity (Yugoslavism). This ambition often put it at odds with the Ottoman Empire and Austria, which controlled Serb-populated regions like Bosnia and Vojvodina.[3][4][5]

In theFirst Balkan War, Serbia, alongside Greece, Bulgaria, and Montenegro, defeated the Ottoman Empire, gaining Kosovo and parts of Macedonia. TheSecond Balkan War against Bulgaria secured further territorial gains but deepened regional rivalry with Bulgaria.

Austria-Hungary's annexation ofBosnia and Herzegovina in 1908 deeply alienated Serbia. A trade dispute with Austria-Hungary, which imposed a customs blockade to pressure Serbia economically, highlighted Serbia’s dependence on external markets. Serbia countered by diversifying trade with France and Britain, strengthening Western ties. Russia, a fellow Slavic and Orthodox Christian state, provided diplomatic and military support, viewing Serbia as a counterweight to Austria-Hungary in the Balkans. Russia’s support was crucial during the July Crisis of 1914, when Serbia faced Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum after theassassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Serbia’s foreign policy was tested by Austria-Hungary’s invasion following the Sarajevo assassination. Serbia’s resistance, supported by Russia and France, led to initial victories but eventual occupation by 1915. Serbia’s government-in-exile in Corfu maintained diplomatic efforts, culminating in the 1918 creation of theKingdom of Yugoslavia (initially Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes), achieving Serbian main goal of South Slavic unification.[6]

Yugoslavia

Main article:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia

Yugoslav Wars and international isolation

During the 1990s, Serbia was part of theFederal Republic of Yugoslavia, comprising Serbia and Montenegro, formed in 1992 after the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The foreign policy, dominated by Serbia under PresidentSlobodan Milošević, was heavily influenced by theYugoslav Wars andinternational isolation.

Serbia provided support to Serb forces in Serb-populated areas across the former Yugoslavia, though it officially denied direct military involvement until the Kosovo War. This led to involvement in conflicts inCroatia (1991–1995),Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995), andKosovo (1998–1999). These actions strained relations with the international community and thus country faced severe international sanctions. This isolation was marked by ruptured diplomatic relations, and exclusion from international organizations (such as the UN, OSCE, and the Council of Europe) as well blocked access to international financial institutions (theIMF andWorld Bank), profoundly shaping Serbia’s foreign policy and global standing. The FR Yugoslavia was barred from the UN General Assembly in 1992, with its claim to be the sole successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia rejected. Instead, the UN declared the SFR Yugoslavia dissolved.[7]

Relations with Western countries, particularly the United States and key European nations, deteriorated sharply, culminating in the closure of the United States embassy in Belgrade in 1999 before NATO’s bombing campaign. The 1999 NATO bombing campaign, led by the United States, marked a low point, with the U.S. embassy remaining closed until 2001, reflecting a near-total suspension of formal diplomatic ties.Relations with Western countries, particularly the United States and key European nations, deteriorated sharply resulting in severing or reducing diplomatic presence in Belgrade. Germany, a key supporter of Croatian and Bosnian independence, recalled its ambassador in 1992, maintaining only minimal consular functions throughout the 1990s. The United Kingdom and France followed suit, with embassies operating at reduced capacity or closing during the Kosovo War. The1999 NATO bombing campaign, marked a low point: the United States closedits embassy in Belgrade, reflecting a near-total suspension of formal diplomatic ties.

Facing Western ostracism, country sought support from traditional allies likeRussia andGreece. Russia provided diplomatic backing, vetoing harsher UN measures and maintaining an embassy in Belgrade, though its support was constrained by Russia’s own post-Soviet challenges. Greece, despite EU membership, maintained relatively warm relations due to cultural and Orthodox ties, serving as a diplomatic bridge to the West. China also opposed NATO’s actions, particularly after the 1999 bombing of its Belgrade embassy, but its support was largely rhetorical. The Non-Aligned Movement, once a cornerstone of the Socialist Yugoslavia foreign policy, offered little practical support, as many member states aligned with the key western countries or remained neutral to avoid entanglement in the Yugoslav conflicts.

Democratic transition

In the 2000s, Serbia's foreign policy has shifted dramatically from isolation to reintegration, with a focus on restoring and expanding diplomatic ties with Western countries. Theoverthrow of Milošević in 2000 marked a turning point, shifting from isolation to reintegration to the international community. Country was re-admitted to the United Nations as a new member soon thereafter while rejoining also the UN, OSCE and the Council of Europe as well as secured IMF and World Bank membership.[8] Relations with Western nations began to thaw. Key EU states, including Germany, France, and the United Kingdom, reestablished full diplomatic relations, with embassies resuming normal operations. Germany, in particular, emerged as a key partner, investing heavily in Serbia’s economy. Therelations with the United States were also restored with full diplomatic relations. TheEuropean Union became Serbia's primary diplomatic focus, with theStabilization and Association Agreement in 2008 andcandidacy status in 2012 marking key milestones.

Montenegro’s independence in 2006 resulted in restoring Serbia as an independent nation after 88 years, with country being the sole successor state of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.

Contemporary period

Serbia since early 2010s have been pursuing a multi-vector foreign policy, balancing relations with the European Union, the United States, Russia, and China.[9] Former President of SerbiaBoris Tadić referred to relations with the European Union, United States, Russia, and China as the four pillars of Serbian foreign policy.[10] This approach aims to maintain strategic autonomy.

The European Union remains central to Serbia’s diplomacy and by far the largest trading partner. Itsaccession process has been slow, with 22 of 35 negotiation chapters opened by 2025 and only a few closed. Key obstacles include rule of law reforms and "normalizing" relations with Kosovo. Public support for EU membership in Serbia has dropped to around 40% by 2025 due to perceived double standards of the EU and its key member-states towards Serbia.[11] Serbia condemned Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine while avoiding to align with EU sanctions against Russia, reflecting its neutral stance.

Country has maintained robust diplomatic ties with Western countries, but Serbia’s refusal to recognizeKosovo’s independence remains a major sticking point and its balancing act with non-Western powers (Russia and China, in particular) to some degree complicate relations with the United States and key European states.

Serbia relies primarily on Russia and China for diplomatic support on Kosovo issue. The 2016 strategic partnership agreement and country's focal role in theBelt and Road Initiative have deepened ties with China which has become second biggest trading partner as well as investor of numerous infrastructure projects in Serbia (like the high-speed railways, motorways, and the Belgrade Metro).

Serbia has worked to improve relations with those neighboring countries (Croatia,Bosnia and Herzegovina, andAlbania) with which it has a long-standing historical tensions. However, relations with Croatia remain strained due to historical tensions, while Kosovo’s status fuels occasional flare-ups. Serbia supports theOpen Balkan initiative, launched in 2019, to boost regional economic cooperation with Albania andNorth Macedonia.[12]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Serbia maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate[13]
1Russia23 February 1838[14]
2France19 March 1839[15]
3United Kingdom7 February 1870[16]
4Bulgaria18 January 1879
5Greece18 January 1879
6Italy18 January 1879
7Romania26 April 1879[17]
8Turkey10 June 1879[18][19]
9United States14 October 1881
10Venezuela13 April 1882[20]
11Japan15 June 1882[21]
12Guatemala15 August 1882[22][23]
13Portugal14 November 1882[24]
14Hungary21 November 1882[25][26]
15Belgium15 March 1886[27]
16Netherlands26 April 1899[28]
17Cuba4 November 1902[29]
18Honduras20 February 1904[30]
19Egypt1 February 1908[31]
20Dominican Republic1 March 1912
21Albania25 April 1914
22Spain14 October 1916[32][33]
23  Switzerland10 December 1916[34]
24Norway9 March 1917[35]
25Denmark19 October 1917[36]
26Sweden1 November 1917[37]
27Czech Republic9 January 1919[38]
28Poland19 September 1919[39]
—Holy See13 March 1920
29Austria9 May 1925[40]
30Luxembourg23 August 1927[41][42]
31Argentina29 February 1928
32Finland7 August 1929[43]
33Chile19 November 1935[44][45]
34Iran30 April 1937
35Brazil15 June 1938
36Canada30 May 1941
37Lebanon18 May 1946[46]
38Syria18 May 1946[47]
39Mexico28 May 1946
40Pakistan15 May 1948
41North Korea30 October 1948
42Israel25 November 1948[48]
43India5 December 1948
44UruguaySeptember 1950[49]
45Paraguay17 December 1950[50][51]
46Myanmar29 December 1950
47Jordan25 August 1951[52][53]
48New ZealandSeptember 1951[54]
49Germany8 December 1951[55]
50Ethiopia4 March 1952[56]
51Costa Rica14 June 1952[57]
52Iceland27 February 1953[58]
53Panama26 March 1953[59]
54Bolivia15 May 1954[60]
55Indonesia4 November 1954
56Thailand12 November 1954[61]
57Afghanistan30 December 1954
58China2 January 1955
59Libya2 October 1955[62]
60Ecuador10 January 1956[63]
61Cambodia15 July 1956
62Sudan13 September 1956[64]
63Mongolia20 November 1956
64Tunisia17 February 1957[65]
65Morocco1 March 1957
66Vietnam10 March 1957
67Sri Lanka14 October 1957
68Yemen28 December 1957[66]
69Iraq23 July 1958[67]
70Ghana10 January 1959[68]
71Liberia15 September 1959[69]
72   Nepal7 October 1959
73Guinea10 November 1959[70]
74Democratic Republic of the Congo8 August 1960[71]
75Central African RepublicAugust 1960[72]
76Somalia8 September 1960[73]
77Cyprus7 October 1960
78Mali4 November 1960[74]
79Togo7 November 1960[75]
80NigeriaMarch 1961[76]
81Sierra Leone27 April 1961[77]
82Senegal31 May 1961[78]
83Tanzania9 December 1961[79]
84Algeria2 July 1962[31]
85Benin3 July 1962[80]
86BurundiJuly 1962[81]
87Laos25 November 1962
88Kuwait7 May 1963
89Uganda31 July 1963[82]
90Kenya12 December 1963[83]
91Republic of the Congo28 March 1964
92Mauritania12 June 1964[84]
93Zambia23 October 1964[85]
94Cameroon12 December 1965[86]
95Gambia1965
96Chad1966[87]
97Australia25 April 1966
98Colombia20 December 1966
99Malaysia4 May 1967[88]
100Singapore22 August 1967
101Jamaica13 October 1968[89]
102Ivory Coast15 June 1968[90]
103Burkina Faso8 July 1968[91]
104Malta6 January 1969
105Peru12 December 1969[92]
106Equatorial Guinea18 May 1970
107Botswana5 September 1970[93]
108Mauritius6 October 1970[94]
109Madagascar4 June 1971[95]
110Rwanda15 June 1971[96]
111Bangladesh22 January 1972[97]
112Philippines10 March 1972[98]
113Niger17 March 1972[99]
114Lesotho25 September 1972[100]
115Gabon4 October 1973
116Trinidad and Tobago25 March 1974[101]
117Oman4 May 1974[102]
118Guinea-Bissau10 May 1974[103]
119Maldives1 March 1975
120Mozambique10 June 1975[104]
121Angola12 November 1975
122Papua New Guinea21 May 1976
123Suriname9 July 1976
124Fiji30 July 1976[105]
125Seychelles1 August 1976[106]
126Comoros24 November 1976
127Cape Verde1976
128Barbados15 November 1977[107]
129Ireland1977
130Grenada29 June 1978
131Djibouti11 July 1978
132São Tomé and Príncipe2 February 1979[108]
133Nicaragua10 August 1979[109]
134El Salvador16 December 1979
135Zimbabwe18 April 1980[110]
136Haiti20 January 1984[89]
137BahamasJuly 1988[111]
–State of Palestine5 April 1989[112]
138Qatar25 August 1989[113]
138Bahrain31 August 1989[108]
140South Korea27 December 1989
141Namibia21 March 1990[114]
142Eswatini1 June 1990
143South Africa2 April 1992[115]
144Slovakia1 January 1993[116]
145Ukraine15 April 1994
146Armenia8 July 1994
147Belarus15 November 1994
148Uzbekistan18 January 1995
149Moldova15 March 1995
150Georgia26 June 1995
151Tajikistan9 September 1995
152North Macedonia8 April 1996
153Turkmenistan26 August 1996
154Croatia9 September 1996
155Kazakhstan10 December 1996
156Azerbaijan21 August 1997
157Malawi13 February 1998
158Kyrgyzstan25 June 1998
159Slovenia9 December 2000[108]
160Bosnia and Herzegovina15 December 2000
161Lithuania22 December 2000[117]
162Latvia19 January 2001[118]
163Estonia9 February 2001[119]
—Sovereign Military Order of Malta11 May 2001
164San Marino3 April 2003
165Liechtenstein4 April 2003
166Montenegro22 June 2006
167United Arab Emirates21 March 2007
168Monaco31 May 2007[120]
169Andorra1 June 2007
170Dominica22 April 2010
171Saint Vincent and the Grenadines26 May 2011
172Brunei5 December 2011
173Bhutan9 December 2011
174South Sudan3 January 2012
175Eritrea19 October 2012
176Tonga22 February 2013[121]
177Saudi Arabia17 April 2013
178Vanuatu27 August 2018
179Antigua and Barbuda28 September 2018
180Saint Kitts and Nevis6 November 2018
181Palau7 December 2018
182Tuvalu4 April 2019
183Belize24 September 2019
184Nauru25 September 2019
185Saint Lucia13 November 2019
186Solomon Islands20 December 2021
187Timor-Leste20 December 2021
188Guyana22 September 2024[118]
189Marshall Islands27 September 2024

Multilateral relations

European Union

See also:Accession of Serbia to the European Union

Serbian foreign policy is focused on achieving the strategic goal of becoming amember state of the European Union (EU). Serbia officially applied for membership in the European Union in 2009, received a fullcandidate status in 2012 and startedaccession talks in 2014.[122][123][124] The European Commission considers accession possible by 2030. After initial popular support for country's entry, it hasheld unfavorable domestic approval with support weakening since 2014.[125] International support for their accession is similarly mixed with concerns over Serbia'sclaim over Kosovo, regional geopolitical tensions, foreign policy alignment with Russia, and domestic policies.[126][24]

NATO

See also:Serbia–NATO relations

Serbia proclaimedmilitary neutrality in 2007.[127] The relationship between Serbia and theNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been regulated in the context of anIndividual Partnership Action Plan. Serbia is the only state in theSoutheastern Europe that is not seeking NATO membership, having been the target of a1999 NATO bombing, but also due to the ensuing secession of and territorial dispute withKosovo, as well as a close relationship with Russia.[128][129]

Bilateral relations

Africa

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Algeria1962[130]SeeAlgeria–Serbia relations
Angola1975[133]

SeeAngola–Serbia relations

  • Angola has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inLuanda.
Cameroon1965[134]
  • Cameroon is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Berlin (Germany).
  • Serbia is represented in Cameroon through its embassy in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo).
Democratic Republic of the Congo1961[135]
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inKinshasa.
Côte d'Ivoire1968[136]
  • Côte d'Ivoire is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
  • Serbia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Abuja (Nigeria).
Egypt1908[137]SeeEgypt–Serbia relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inCairo.[138]
Ethiopia1952SeeEthiopia–Serbia relations
  • Ethiopia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • Serbia has an embassy inAdis Abeba.
Ghana1959[139]
  • Ghana is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • Serbia has an embassy inAccra.
Guinea1958[140]
  • Guinea has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Guinea through its embassy in Accra (Ghana).
Kenya1963[141]
  • Kenya is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Paris (France).
  • Serbia has an embassy inNairobi.
Libya1955[142]SeeLibya–Serbia relations
Morocco1957
  • Morocco has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inRabat.
Nigeria1960[145]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inAbuja as well as honorary consuls inKano andLagos.
Senegal1961[146]
  • Senegal is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Berlin (Germany).
  • Serbia is represented in Senegal through its embassy in Rabat (Morocco).
Somalia1960[147]

SeeSerbia–Somalia relations

  • Serbia is represented in Somalia through its embassy in Nairobi (Kenya).
  • Somalia has an embassy in Belgrade.
South Africa1992[148]

SeeSerbia–South Africa relations

  • Serbia has an embassy inPretoria.[149]
  • South Africa is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
Tunisia1957[150]
  • Tunisia has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inTunis.
Zambia1964[151]
  • Serbia has an embassy inLusaka.
  • Zambia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Paris (France).
Zimbabwe1980[152]

SeeSerbia–Zimbabwe relations

  • Serbia has an embassy inHarare.
  • Zimbabwe has an embassy in Belgrade.

Americas

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Argentina1928[153]SeeArgentina–Serbia relations
Brazil1938[155]SeeBrazil–Serbia relations
  • Brazil has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inBrasília.
Bolivia1952[156]
  • Bolivia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • Serbia is represented in Bolivia through its embassy in Brasília (Brazil).
Canada1941[157]SeeCanada–Serbia relations
Chile1935[161]
  • Chile is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Serbia is represented in Chile through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).[162]
Colombia1966[163]
  • Colombia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
  • Serbia is represented in Chile through its embassy in Washington, D.C. (United States).[164]
Cuba1902[165]SeeCuba–Serbia relations
  • Cuba has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inHavana.
Ecuador1956[166]
  • Ecuador is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
  • Serbia is represented in Ecuador through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).
Guyana2024[167]
  • Guyana is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Brussels (Belgium).
  • Serbia is represented in Guyana through its embassy in Washington, D.C. (United States).[168]
Mexico1946[169]SeeMexico–Serbia relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inMexico City.
Panama1953[170]
  • Panama is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Serbia is represented in Panama through its embassy in Mexico City (Mexico).[171]
Paraguay1883[172]
  • Paraguay is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Serbia is represented in Paraguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).
Peru1967[173]SeePeru–Serbia relations
  • Peru is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
  • Serbia is represented in Peru through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).
United States1881[174]SeeSerbia–United States relations
Uruguay1950[176]
  • Uruguay is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Bucharest (Romania).
  • Serbia is represented in Uruguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires (Argentina).[177]
Venezuela1951[178]SeeSerbia–Venezuela relations
  • Serbia has an embassy inCaracas.[179]
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Belgrade.

Asia

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Afghanistan1954[180]
  • Afghanistan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria).
  • Serbia is represented in Afghanistan through its embassy in Tehran (Iran).
Armenia1993[181]SeeArmenia–Serbia relations
  • Armenia is represented in Serbia through its embassy inPrague (Czech Republic).
  • Serbia has an embassy inYerevan.
Azerbaijan1997[182]SeeAzerbaijan–Serbia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inBaku.
Bangladesh1971[183]SeeBangladesh–Serbia relations
  • Bangladesh is represented in Serbia through its embassy inRome (Italy).
  • Serbia is represented in Bangladesh through its embassy inNew Delhi (India).
Cambodia1956[184]SeeCambodia–Serbia relations
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Cambodia through its embassy inJakarta (Indonesia).
China1955[185]SeeChina–Serbia relations
  • Serbia has an embassy inBeijing and a consulate general in Shanghai.
  • China has an embassy in Belgrade.
Georgia1995[186]
  • Georgia has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
India1948[187]SeeIndia–Serbia relations
Indonesia1954[190]SeeIndonesia–Serbia relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inJakarta.
Iran1937[191]SeeIran–Serbia relations
  • Iran has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inTehran.
Iraq1958[192]SeeIraq–Serbia relations
Israel1948[195]SeeIsrael–Serbia relations
Japan1882[198]SeeJapan–Serbia relations
  • Japan has an embassy in Belgrade.[199]
  • Serbia has an embassy inTokyo and an honorary consulate inOsaka.[200]
Jordan1951[201]
  • Jordan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Serbia is represented in Jordan through its embassy in Damascus (Syria).
Kazakhstan1996[202]SeeKazakhstan–Serbia relations
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Belgrade.[203]
  • Serbia has an embassy inAstana.
Kuwait1963[204]
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inKuwait City.
Kyrgyzstan1998[205]
  • Kyrgyzstan is not represented in Serbia.
  • Serbia is represented in Kyrgyzstan through its embassy in Astana (Kazakhstan).
Lebanon1946[206]
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inBeirut.
Malaysia1967[207]
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Malaysia through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).
Mongolia1956[208]
  • Mongolia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
  • Serbia is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing (China).
Myanmar1950[209]SeeMyanmar–Serbia relations
  • Myanmar has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inYangon.
  Nepal1959[210]

SeeNepal–Serbia relations

  • Diplomatic relations between Nepal and Serbia (then constituent part of SFR Yugoslavia of which it is considered shared successor) were established in 1959.[211]
North Korea1948[212]SeeNorth Korea–Serbia relations
  • North Korea is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria).
  • Serbia is represented in North Korea through its embassy in Beijing (China).
Pakistan1948[213]SeePakistan–Serbia relations
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Belgrade.[214]
  • Serbia is represented in Pakistan through its embassy in Beijing (China).
Palestine1989[215]SeePalestine–Serbia relations
  • Palestine has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Palestine through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt).
Philippines1972[216]
  • Philippines is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).[217]
  • Serbia is represented in the Philippines through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).[218]
Qatar1989[219]
  • Qatar has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inDoha.
Saudi Arabia2013[220]
  • Saudi Arabia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria).
  • Serbia has an embassy inRiyadh.
South Korea1989[221]SeeSerbia–South Korea relations
  • Serbian has an embassy inSeoul.[222]
  • South Korean has an embassy in Belgrade.[223]
Syria1946[224]

SeeSerbia–Syria relations

  • Serbia has an embassy inDamascus.[225]
  • Syria has an embassy in Belgrade.
Tajikistan1995[226]
  • Serbia is represented in Tajikistan through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
  • Tajikistan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
Thailand1954[227]
  • Serbia is represented in Thailand through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).
  • Thailand is represented in Serbia through its honorary consulate in Belgrade.
Turkey1879[228]SeeSerbia–Turkey relations
  • Serbia has an embassy inAnkara and a consulate general inIstanbul.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general inNovi Pazar.
Turkmenistan1996[229]
  • Serbia is represented in Turkmenistan through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
  • Turkmenistan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
United Arab Emirates2007[230]SeeSerbia–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Serbia has an embassy inAbu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Belgrade.[231]
Uzbekistan1995[232]
  • Serbia is represented in Uzbekistan through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
  • Uzbekistan is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
Vietnam1957[233]
  • Serbia is represented in Vietnam through its embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia).
  • Vietnam is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Bucharest (Romania).

Europe

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Albania1914[234]SeeAlbania–Serbia relations
Andorra2007[237]
  • Andorra is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based inAndorra la Vella (at the Foreign Ministry).
  • Serbia is represented in Andorra through its embassy in Madrid (Spain).
Austria1874[238]SeeAustria–Serbia relations
Belarus1994[242]SeeBelarus–Serbia relations
  • Belarus has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inMinsk.
Belgium1886[243]SeeBelgium–Serbia relations
  • Belgium has an embassy in Belgrade.[244]
  • Serbia has an embassy inBrussels.
Bosnia and Herzegovina2000[245]SeeBosnia and Herzegovina–Serbia relations
Bulgaria1879[246]SeeBulgaria–Serbia relations
  • Bulgaria has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general inNiš.
  • Serbia has an embassy inSofia.
Croatia1996[247]SeeCroatia–Serbia relations
Cyprus1960[248]SeeCyprus–Serbia relations
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inNicosia.
Czech Republic1918[249]SeeCzech Republic–Serbia relations
  • The Czech Republic has an embassy in Belgrade.[250]
  • Serbia has an embassy inPrague.
Denmark1917[251]SeeDenmark–Serbia relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inCopenhagen.
Estonia2001[252]
  • Estonia is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based inTallinn (at the Foreign Ministry).
  • Serbia is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Helsinki (Finland).
Finland1929[253]SeeFinland–Serbia relations
France1839[256]SeeFrance–Serbia relations
Germany1951[259]SeeGermany–Serbia relations
Greece1879[262]SeeGreece–Serbia relations
  • Greece has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general inNiš.
  • Serbia has an embassy inAthens and a consulate general inThessaloniki.
Holy See1920[263]SeeHoly See–Serbia relations
  • The Holy See has an embassy in Belgrade.[264]
  • Serbia has an embassy to the Holy See in Rome (Italy).[265]
Hungary1921[266]SeeHungary–Serbia relations
Iceland2000[270]SeeIceland–Serbia relations
  • Iceland is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Berlin (Germany).
  • Serbia is represented in Iceland through its embassy in Oslo (Norway).[271]
Ireland1977[272]SeeIreland–Serbia relations
  • Ireland is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Serbia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).[273]
Italy1879[274]SeeItaly–Serbia relations
  • Italy has an embassy in Belgrade.[275]
  • Serbia has an embassy in Rome and consulates general inMilan andTrieste.
KosovoNo diplomatic relations or recognitionSeeKosovo–Serbia relations
Latvia1917[276]SeeLatvia–Serbia relations
  • Latvia is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Serbia is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Stockholm (Sweden).
Liechtenstein2003[277]
  • Liechtenstein is represented in Serbia through embassy of Switzerland in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Liechtenstein through its embassy in Bern (Switzerland).
Lithuania2000[278]SeeLithuania–Serbia relations
  • Lithuania is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).[279]
  • Serbia is represented in Lithuania through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland).
Luxembourg1927[280]SeeLuxembourg–Serbia relations
  • Luxembourg is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based inLuxembourg City (at the Foreign Ministry).
  • Serbia is represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussels (Belgium).
Malta1969[281]SeeMalta–Serbia relations
  • Malta is represented in Serbia through a non-resident ambassador based inValletta (at the Foreign Ministry).[282]
  • Serbia is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and through an honorary consulate inValletta.
Moldova1995[283]SeeMoldova–Serbia relations
  • Moldova is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria).
  • Serbia is represented in Moldova through its embassy in Kyiv (Ukraine).
Monaco2007[284]
  • Monaco is represented in Serbia through embassy of France in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in Monaco through its embassy in Paris (France).
Montenegro2006[285]SeeMontenegro–Serbia relations
  • Montenegro has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inPodgorica and a consulate general inHerceg Novi.
Netherlands1891[286]SeeNetherlands–Serbia relations
North Macedonia1996[289]SeeNorth Macedonia–Serbia relations
  • North Macedonia has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inSkopje.
Norway1917[290]SeeNorway–Serbia relations
  • Norway has an embassy in Belgrade.[291]
  • Serbia has an embassy inOslo.[292]
Poland1919[293]SeePoland–Serbia relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inWarsaw.
Portugal1882[294]SeePortugal–Serbia relations
  • Portugal has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy inLisbon.
Romania1879[295]SeeRomania–Serbia relations
  • Romania has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate general inVršac.
  • Serbia has an embassy inBucharest and a consulate general inTimișoara.
Russia1838[296]SeeRussia–Serbia relations
San Marino2002[298]SeeSan Marino–Serbia relations
  • San Marino has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia is represented in San Marino through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
Slovakia1918[299]SeeSerbia–Slovakia relations
Slovenia2000[302]SeeSerbia–Slovenia relations
Spain1916[305]SeeSerbia–Spain relations
Sweden1917[308]SeeSerbia–Sweden relations
  • Serbia has an embassy inStockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Belgrade.[309]
 Switzerland1916[310]SeeSerbia–Switzerland relations
Ukraine1994[314]SeeSerbia–Ukraine relations
  • Serbia has an embassy inKyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Belgrade.
United Kingdom1870[16]SeeSerbia–United Kingdom relations

Oceania

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Australia1966[317]SeeAustralia–Serbia relations
  • Australia has an embassy in Belgrade.[318]
  • Serbia has an embassy inCanberra and a consulate general inSydney.
New Zealand1951[319]See New Zealand–Serbia relations
  • New Zealand is represented in Serbia through its embassy in The Hague (Netherlands).
  • Serbia is represented in New Zealand through its embassy in Canberra (Australia).
Palau2018[320]SeePalau–Serbia relations
  • Palau is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Tokyo (Japan).
  • Serbia is represented in Palau through its embassy in Tokyo (Japan).

See also

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  196. ^"Error-2010-f3". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  197. ^"embassyserbia.co.il". Archived fromthe original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved19 February 2015.
  198. ^"Japan".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  199. ^"在セルビア日本国大使館". Archived fromthe original on 4 December 2015. Retrieved19 February 2015.
  200. ^"Welcome to the home page of the Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in Japan". Archived fromthe original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved19 February 2015.
  201. ^https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/jordan[bare URL]
  202. ^"Kazakhstan".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  203. ^Urazova, DinaraU. "Kazakh Embassy Opens in Belgrade." Tengri News. Tengri News, 6 June 2015. Web. 4 April 2016.
  204. ^"Kuwait".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  205. ^"Kyrgyzstan".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  206. ^https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/lebanon[bare URL]
  207. ^"Malaysia".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  208. ^https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/mongolia[bare URL]
  209. ^"Myanmar".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  210. ^"Nepal".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  211. ^"Archived copy". Archived fromthe original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved30 December 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  212. ^"North Korea".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  213. ^"Pakistan".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  214. ^"Serbia-Pakistan Bilateral Political Relations".mfa.gov.rs. Archived fromthe original on 19 May 2011.
  215. ^"Palestine".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  216. ^"Philippines".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  217. ^GOVPH."PH Consulate in Belgrade Opens For Filipinos in Serbia". Dfa.gov.ph. Archived fromthe original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved1 May 2022.
  218. ^https://www.mfa.gov.rs/gradjani/putovanje-u-inostranstvo/vize-i-informacije-o-drzavama/filipini[bare URL]
  219. ^"Qatar".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  220. ^"Saudi Arabia".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  221. ^"South Korea".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  222. ^"Амбасада Републике Србије у Републици Кореји".
  223. ^"주 세르비아 대한민국 대사관". Archived fromthe original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved23 May 2019.
  224. ^"Syria".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  225. ^"Official presentation of the Republic of Serbia in Damascus – Syria". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  226. ^"Tajikistan".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  227. ^"Thailand".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  228. ^"Turkey".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  229. ^https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/turkmenistan[bare URL]
  230. ^"United Arab Emirates".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  231. ^http://www.tanjug.rs/news/79194/uae-to-open-embassy-in-belgrade.htm[permanent dead link]
  232. ^https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/uzbekistan[bare URL]
  233. ^"Vietnam".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  234. ^"Albania".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  235. ^"Vandals damage Albanian embassy in Belgrade".BBC. 29 March 1999.
  236. ^"Serbian charge d'affaires prepares to quit Albania".BBC. 20 February 2008.
  237. ^https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/andorra[bare URL]
  238. ^"Austria".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  239. ^Austrian embassy in Belgrade (in German and Serbian only)
  240. ^"Serbian embassy in Vienna (in German and Serbian only)".
  241. ^"Consulate General of The Republic of Serbia in Salzburg". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  242. ^"Belarus".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  243. ^"Belgium".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  244. ^"Belgian embassy in Belgrade". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  245. ^"Bosnia and Herzegovina".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  246. ^"Bulgaria".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  247. ^"Croatia".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  248. ^"Cyprus".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  249. ^"Czech Republic".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  250. ^"Czech embassy in Belgrade (in Czech and Serbian only)". Mzv.cz. 30 April 2010. Retrieved14 April 2011.
  251. ^"Denmark".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  252. ^"Estonia".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  253. ^"Finland".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  254. ^"Suomen suurlähetystö, Belgrad". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  255. ^"Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in the Republic of Finland". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  256. ^"France".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  257. ^"French embassy in Belgrade (in French and Serbian only)". Ambafrance-srb.org. Retrieved10 June 2011.
  258. ^"Serbian embassy in Paris(in French and Serbian only)". Amb-serbie.fr. Archived fromthe original on 29 June 2007. Retrieved10 June 2011.
  259. ^"Germany".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  260. ^"Serbian embassy in Berlin (in German and Serbian only)".Embassy of Serbia, Berlin. Retrieved31 December 2010.
  261. ^"Serbian general consulates in Germany (in German and Serbian only)". Konzulati-rs.de. Retrieved31 December 2010.
  262. ^"Greece".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  263. ^"Holy See".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  264. ^Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Holy See’s embassy in Belgrade
  265. ^Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Serbian embassy to the Holy See
  266. ^"Hungary".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  267. ^"Hungarian embassy in Belgrade". Archived fromthe original on 20 May 2009. Retrieved24 July 2009.
  268. ^"Hungarian general consulate in Subotica(in Hungarian and Serbian only)". Archived fromthe original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved24 July 2009.
  269. ^"Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in Hungary". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  270. ^"Iceland".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  271. ^https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/iceland[bare URL]
  272. ^"Ireland".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  273. ^https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/ireland[bare URL]
  274. ^"Italy".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  275. ^"Ambasciata d'Italia – Belgrado". Retrieved2 May 2016.
  276. ^"Latvia".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  277. ^https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/liechtenstein[bare URL]
  278. ^"Lithuania".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  279. ^Dizaino Kryptis."Lietuvos Respublikos užsienio reikalų ministerija – Lietuvos Respublikos užsienio reikalų ministerija". Retrieved19 February 2015.
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  281. ^"Malta".www.mfa.gov.rs.
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  285. ^"Montenegro".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  286. ^"Netherlands".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  287. ^"Netherlands Embassy in Belgrade, Serbia". Archived fromthe original on 22 July 2010. Retrieved19 February 2015.
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  289. ^"North Macedonia".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  290. ^"Norway".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  291. ^"Norway – The official site in Serbia". Retrieved15 January 2016.
  292. ^"Embassy of Serbia in Oslo". Archived fromthe original on 12 August 2007. Retrieved24 July 2009.
  293. ^"Poland".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  294. ^"Portugal".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  295. ^"Romania".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  296. ^"Russia".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  297. ^Bilateral Political Relations with Russia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia
  298. ^"San Marino".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  299. ^"Slovakia".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  300. ^"Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in the Slovak Republic". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  301. ^"Veľvyslanectvo Slovenskej republiky v Belehrade". Archived fromthe original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved19 February 2015.
  302. ^"Slovenia".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  303. ^Serbian embassy in Ljubljana (in Serbian and Slovenian only)Archived 8 April 2009 at theWayback Machine
  304. ^"Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia Belgrade". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  305. ^"Spain".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  306. ^"Home". Archived fromthe original on 19 November 2014. Retrieved19 February 2015.
  307. ^Spanish embassy in Belgrade (in Serbian and Spanish only)Archived 22 December 2007 at theWayback Machine
  308. ^"Sweden".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  309. ^"Belgrade – SwedenAbroad". Archived fromthe original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved2 May 2016.
  310. ^"Switzerland".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  311. ^"Serbian embassy in Bern". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  312. ^"Generalni konzulat Republike Srbije u Cirihu". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  313. ^"Embassy of Switzerland in Serbia". Retrieved19 February 2015.
  314. ^"Ukraine".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  315. ^Diplomat Magazine (2 February 2018)."Serbia".Diplomat Magazine.Archived from the original on 19 May 2025. Retrieved2 July 2025.
  316. ^"British Embassy Belgrade".GOV.UK.Archived from the original on 27 September 2024. Retrieved3 November 2024.
  317. ^"Australia".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  318. ^"Home". Retrieved2 May 2016.
  319. ^"New Zealand".www.mfa.gov.rs.
  320. ^"Palau".www.mfa.gov.rs.

Further reading

  • Schevill, Ferdinand.History of the Balkans (1922)online
  • Stavrianos, L. S. The Balkans Since 1453 (1958), a comprehensive scholarly history
  • Trivanovitch, Vaso. "Serbia, Russia, and Austria during the Rule of Milan Obrenovich, 1868-78"Journal of Modern History (1931) 3#3 pp. 414–440online

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