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After achieving independence from theSoviet Union, theRepublic of Moldova established relations with other European countries. A course forEuropean Unionintegration andneutrality define the country's foreign policy guidelines.
In 1995, the country became the firstpost-Soviet state admitted to theCouncil of Europe. In addition to its participation inNATO'sPartnership for Peace program, Moldova is amember state of theUnited Nations, theOrganization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), theNorth Atlantic Cooperation Council, theWorld Trade Organization, theInternational Monetary Fund, theWorld Bank, theFrancophonie and theEuropean Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
In 2005, Moldova and EU established an action plan that sought to improve the collaboration between the two neighboring structures. After theTransnistria War, Moldova sought a peaceful resolution to theTransnistria conflict by working withRomania,Ukraine, and Russia, calling for international mediation, and cooperating with the OSCE and UN fact-finding and observer missions.[1]
List of countries which Moldova maintains diplomatic relations with:
 | ||
|---|---|---|
| # | Country | Date[2] |
| 1 |  Romania | 27 August 1991 |
| 2 |  Hungary | 16 January 1992 |
| 3 |  United Kingdom | 17 January 1992 |
| 4 |  Denmark | 20 January 1992 |
| 5 |  China | 30 January 1992 |
| 6 |  Mongolia | 30 January 1992[3] |
| 7 |  North Korea | 30 January 1992 |
| 8 |  South Korea | 31 January 1992 |
| 9 |  Spain | 31 January 1992 |
| 10 |  Turkey | 3 February 1992 |
| 11 |  Mexico | 4 February 1992 |
| 12 |  Bulgaria | 5 February 1992 |
| 13 |  Egypt | 13 February 1992 |
| 14 |  United States | 18 February 1992 |
| 15 |  Canada | 20 February 1992 |
| 16 |  Cyprus | 21 February 1992 |
| 17 |  Finland | 21 February 1992[4] |
| 18 |  Italy | 21 February 1992 |
| 19 |  Ukraine | 10 March 1992 |
| 20 |  Belgium | 11 March 1992 |
| 21 |  France | 11 March 1992 |
| 22 |  Japan | 16 March 1992 |
| 23 |  Cuba | 17 March 1992 |
| 24 |  India | 20 March 1992 |
| 25 |  Austria | 25 March 1992 |
| 26 |  Greece | 27 March 1992 |
| 27 |  Philippines | 30 March 1992 |
| 28 |  Australia | 1 April 1992 |
| 29 |  Russia | 6 April 1992 |
| 30 |  Guinea | 27 April 1992[5] |
| 31 |  Germany | 30 April 1992 |
| 32 |  Iran | 11 May 1992 |
| — |  Holy See | 23 May 1992[6] |
| 33 |  Azerbaijan | 29 May 1992 |
| 34 |  Czech Republic | 1 June 1992 |
| 35 |  Norway | 3 June 1992 |
| 36 |  Vietnam | 11 June 1992 |
| 37 |  Burundi | 12 June 1992 |
| 38 |  Sweden | 12 June 1992 |
| 39 |  South Africa | 15 June 1992 |
| 40 |  Israel | 16 June 1992[7] |
| 41 |  Luxembourg | 16 June 1992 |
| 42 |  Georgia | 25 June 1992 |
| 43 |  Oman | 25 June 1992 |
| 44 |  Lithuania | 8 July 1992 |
| 45 |  Netherlands | 10 July 1992 |
| 46 |  Nigeria | 13 July 1992[8] |
| 47 |  Poland | 14 July 1992 |
| 48 |  Armenia | 18 July 1992 |
| 49 |  Croatia | 28 July 1992 |
| 50 |  Thailand | 5 August 1992 |
| 51 |  Ghana | 28 August 1992 |
| 52 |  Latvia | 1 September 1992 |
| 53 |  Switzerland | 2 September 1992 |
| 54 |  New Zealand | 11 September 1992 |
| 55 |  Kazakhstan | 16 September 1992 |
| 56 |  Turkmenistan | 5 October 1992[9] |
| 57 |  Morocco | 8 October 1992 |
| 58 |  Kyrgyzstan | 30 October 1992[10] |
| 59 |  Estonia | 10 November 1992 |
| 60 |  Belarus | 19 November 1992 |
| 61 |  Sri Lanka | 27 November 1992 |
| 62 |  Zimbabwe | 9 December 1992 |
| 63 |  Burkina Faso | 11 December 1992 |
| 64 |  Pakistan | 21 December 1992[11] |
| 65 |  Albania | 23 December 1992 |
| 66 |  Kuwait | 11 January 1993 |
| 67 |  Singapore | 15 January 1993 |
| 68 |  Tajikistan | 26 January 1993 |
| 69 |  Portugal | 10 February 1993 |
| 70 |  Indonesia | 12 February 1993 |
| 71 |  Panama | 15 February 1993[12] |
| 72 |  Slovakia | 16 February 1993 |
| 73 |  Argentina | 8 March 1993 |
| 74 |  Malaysia | 10 March 1993 |
| 75 |  Guatemala | 6 April 1993 |
| 76 |  Chile | 12 May 1993 |
| 77 |  Sudan | 17 May 1993 |
| 78 |  Syria | 20 May 1993 |
| 79 |  Madagascar | 17 June 1993[13] |
| 80 |  Nepal | 20 July 1993 |
| 81 |  Brazil | 11 August 1993 |
| 82 |  Bangladesh | 14 September 1993 |
| 83 |  Zambia | 26 October 1993 |
| 84 |  Slovenia | 27 October 1993 |
| 85 |  Nicaragua | 8 November 1993 |
| 86 |  Bosnia and Herzegovina | 18 November 1993 |
| 87 |  Algeria | 12 April 1994 |
| 88 |  Lebanon | 5 May 1994[14] |
| 89 |  Iceland | 17 May 1994[15] |
| 90 |  Uzbekistan | 23 August 1994 |
| 91 |  Angola | 30 September 1994 |
| 92 |  Afghanistan | 1 December 1994 |
| 93 |  Libya | 9 December 1994 |
| 94 |  North Macedonia | 27 January 1995 |
| 95 |  Yemen | 27 January 1995 |
| 96 |  Cambodia | 10 March 1995 |
| 97 |  Serbia | 15 March 1995 |
| 98 |  Peru | 11 August 1995 |
| 99 |  United Arab Emirates | 21 December 1995 |
| 100 |  Mozambique | 17 January 1996 |
| 101 |  Venezuela | 25 April 1996 |
| 102 |  Uruguay | 14 May 1996 |
| 103 |  Malta | 3 July 1996[16] |
| 104 |  Bolivia | 8 July 1996 |
| 105 |  Jamaica | 9 July 1996 |
| 106 |  Saudi Arabia | 17 July 1996 |
| 107 |  Andorra | 9 October 1996 |
| 108 |  Laos | 29 May 1997 |
| 109 |  Qatar | 13 June 1997 |
| 110 |  Jordan | 19 June 1997 |
| 111 |  Colombia | 15 October 1997 |
| 112 |  Ireland | 30 September 1999 |
| 113 |  Costa Rica | 4 May 2000 |
| — |  Sovereign Military Order of Malta | 27 June 2000[17] |
| 114 |  Mauritius | 25 June 2001 |
| 115 |  Liechtenstein | 14 August 2001 |
| 116 |  Bahrain | 7 April 2004[18] |
| 117 |  Cabo Verde | 2 September 2004[18] |
| 118 |  Mali | 27 September 2004[18] |
| 119 |  Tunisia | 27 September 2004 |
| 120 |  San Marino | 28 September 2004[18] |
| 121 |  Brunei | 18 October 2006[18] |
| 122 |  Montenegro | 9 March 2007 |
| 123 |  Fiji | 7 December 2010 |
| 124 |  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 29 April 2011 |
| 125 |  Paraguay | 5 May 2011 |
| 126 |  Monaco | 8 September 2011 |
| 127 |  Ecuador | 8 November 2011 |
| 128 |  Antigua and Barbuda | 18 November 2011 |
| 129 |  Solomon Islands | 4 May 2012[18] |
| 130 |  Tuvalu | 8 May 2012[19] |
| 131 |  Maldives | 14 May 2012 |
| 132 |  Mauritania | 23 May 2012 |
| 133 |  Dominica | 29 May 2012 |
| 134 |  Haiti | 7 June 2012 |
| 135 |  Gambia | 12 June 2012 |
| 136 |  Samoa | 14 June 2012[18] |
| 137 |  Eswatini | 21 March 2013 |
| 138 |  Suriname | 5 April 2013 |
| 139 |  Ethiopia | 24 June 2013 |
| 140 |  Guyana | 12 September 2013 |
| 141 |  El Salvador | 24 September 2013 |
| 142 |  Saint Kitts and Nevis | 8 September 2017 |
| 143 |  Benin | 24 January 2018 |
| 144 |  Cameroon | 27 March 2019 |
| 145 |  Grenada | 26 June 2019 |
| 146 |  Bahamas | 15 November 2019 |
| 147 |  Barbados | 10 February 2020 |
| 148 |  Djibouti | 9 October 2020 |
| 149 |  Uganda | 23 October 2020 |
| 150 |  Saint Lucia | 3 March 2021 |
| 151 |  Dominican Republic | 30 March 2021 |
| 152 |  Senegal | 28 April 2021 |
| 153 |  Palau | 6 December 2021 |
| 154 |  Kenya | 1 March 2022 |
| 155 |  Belize | 3 August 2022 |
| 156 |  Sierra Leone | 18 August 2022 |
| 157 |  Trinidad and Tobago | 25 May 2023[18] |
| 158 |  Rwanda | 25 January 2024 |
| 159 |  Kiribati | 11 September 2024[18] |
| 160 |  Honduras | 15 October 2025[18] |
Moldova aspires to join the European Union[20] and is implementing its first three-year Action Plan within the framework of theEuropean Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) of the EU.[21]
As regards to its energy policy, Moldova was an observer to the treaty establishing Energy Community from the outset (2006). Following its interest in full membership, the European Commission was mandated to carry out negotiations with Moldova in 2007. In December 2009, the Energy Community Ministerial Council decided on the accession, but made it conditional to amendment of Moldova's gas law.[22] Moldova joined theEnergy Community as a full-fledged member in March 2010.[23]
NATO relations with Moldova date back to 1992, when the country joined theNorth Atlantic Cooperation Council. Moldova works alongside NATO allies and partner countries in a wide range of areas through thePartnership for Peace and theEuro-Atlantic Partnership Council.
The Moldovan Parliament approved the country's membership in theCommonwealth of Independent States and the CIS charter on economic union in April 1994. Moldova however has never participated in any military aspects of CIS, citing itsneutral status.
In 1998, Moldova contributed to the founding ofGUAM, a regional cooperation agreement made up ofGeorgia,Ukraine,Azerbaijan andMoldova. Although the agreement initially included a declaration of mutual defense, Moldova has since declared its disinterest in participating in any GUAM-based mutual defense initiative.
Russia continues to maintain a military presence in the Transnistrian region of Moldova, despite previous agreements with Moldova and within OSCE and CAF to withdraw its troops and ammunition.
Moldova was granted Observer Status in the Russian-ledEurasian Union in April 2017.[24]
The territory of Moldova includes the separatistTransnistria region. Transnistria had a particularly large non-Moldovan population (about 60%) and broke away from Moldova less than a year after Moldova became independent at thefall of the Soviet Union. ThePridnestrovian Moldavian Republic controls main part of this region, and also the city ofBender and its surrounding localities on the west bank. The international diplomatic situation with respect to the question of Transnistria determines and is determined by Moldova's relations with Russia. Russia,Ukraine,Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, EU, and United States are involved at different degrees in the conflict resolution.
On 20 November 2024, Moldova and the United Kingdom signed a Defence and Security Partnership.[25]
| Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Council of Europe | Moldova joined theCouncil of Europe as a full member on 13 July 1995. | |
| European Union | SeeMoldova–European Union relations | |
 NATO | SeeMoldova–NATO relations |
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Djibouti | 9 October 2020 |
|
| Egypt | 13 February 1992 |
|
| Morocco | 8 October 1992 |
|
| South Africa | 15 June 1992 |
|
| Tunisia | 27 September 2004 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2004[26]
|
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Argentina | 8 March 1993 |
|
| Canada | 20 February 1992 |
|
| Chile | 12 May 1993 |
|
| Guatemala | 6 April 1993 |
|
| Mexico | 14 January 1992 | |
| United States | 18 February 1992 | SeeMoldova–United States relations The United States recognized the independence of Moldova on 25 December 1991, and opened an embassy in its capital, Chișinău, in March 1992. A trade agreement providing reciprocal most-favored-nationtariff treatment became effective in July 1992. An Overseas Private Investment Corporation agreement, which encourages U.S. private investment by providing direct loans and loan guarantees, was signed in June 1992. A bilateral investment treaty was signed in April 1993. A generalized system of preferences status was granted in August 1995, and someEximbank coverage became available in November 1995. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry made a visit to Moldova in December 2013 to support the former Soviet republic's pro-Western moves in the face of Russian pressure. The United States remains committed to the5+2 format as a means to resolving theTransnistria conflict. The United States supports a comprehensive settlement that affirms Moldova's sovereignty and territorial integrity, while providing a special status for Transnistria.
See also:Embassy of the United States to Moldova andEmbassy of Moldova, Washington, D.C. |
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Armenia | 18 July 1992 |
|
| Azerbaijan | 29 May 1992 |
|
| China | 30 January 1992 | SeeChina–Moldova relations
|
| India | 20 March 1993 | SeeIndia–Moldova relations
|
| Iran | 11 May 1992 |
|
| Israel | 22 June 1992 | SeeIsrael–Moldova relations
|
| Japan | 16 March 1992 |
|
| Kazakhstan | 16 September 1992 |
|
| Kyrgyzstan | 30 October 1992 |
|
| North Korea | 30 January 1992 |
|
| Qatar | 13 June 1997 |
|
| South Korea | 31 January 1992 | SeeMoldova-South Korea relations |
| Turkey | 3 February 1992 | SeeMoldova–Turkey relations
|
| Turkmenistan | 5 October 1992 |
|
| United Arab Emirates | 21 December 1995 |
|
| Uzbekistan | 23 August 1994 |
|
| Vietnam | 11 June 1992 |
|
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Albania | 23 December 1992 | SeeAlbania–Moldova relations |
| Austria | 25 March 1992 | SeeAustria–Moldova relations
|
| Belarus | 19 November 1992 | SeeBelarus–Moldova relations
|
| Belgium | 11 March 1992 |
|
| Bulgaria | 5 February 1992 |
|
| Croatia | 28 July 1992 |
|
| Cyprus | 21 February 1992 | SeeCyprus–Moldova relations |
| Czech Republic | 1 June 1992 | SeeCzech Republic–Moldova relations
|
| Denmark | 20 January 1992 | SeeDenmark–Moldova relations
|
| Estonia | 10 November 1992 | SeeEstonia–Moldova relations |
| Finland | 26 February 1992 | SeeFinland–Moldova relations
|
| France | 11 March 1992 |
|
| Georgia | 25 June 1992 | SeeGeorgia–Moldova relations
|
| Germany | 30 April 1992 | SeeGermany–Moldova relations
|
| Greece | 27 March 1992 | SeeGreece–Moldova relations
|
| Hungary | 16 January 1992 |
|
| Iceland | 17 May 1995 |
|
| Ireland | 30 September 1999 |
|
| Italy | 21 February 1992 | SeeItaly–Moldova relations
|
| Latvia | 1 September 1992 | |
| Lithuania | 8 July 1992 |
|
| Malta | 27 June 2000 |
|
| Netherlands | 10 July 1993 | SeeMoldova–Netherlands relations
|
| North Macedonia | 27 January 1995 | SeeMoldova–North Macedonia relations |
| Norway | 3 June 1992 |
|
| Poland | 14 July 1992 | SeeMoldova–Poland relations
|
| Portugal | 10 February 1993 | SeeMoldova–Portugal relations
|
| Romania | 27 August 1991 | SeeMoldova–Romania relations Moldova's relations with its western neighbour, Romania, have been stressed since 1994. Today's Moldova (without Transnistria) and parts of the old Bassarabia Governorate currently in Ukraine, were part of Romania during theinterwar period (1918–40). Linguists generally agree that theMoldovan language is in fact identical withRomanian.[citation needed] However, Moldovans have been ambivalent about whether they consider themselves Romanians or Moldovans. Early signs that Romania and Moldova might unite after both countries achieved emancipation from communist rule quickly faded. Romania remains interested in Moldovan affairs, especially that country's civil conflict with the breakaway republic of Transnistria. However, the two countries have been unable to reach agreement on a basic bilateral treaty; Romania is insistent (against determined Moldovan resistance) that such a treaty would have to refer to Romania and Moldova's 'special relationship'. Beginning in 1994, the two countries enjoyed a visa-free arrangement that ended on 1 January 2007, with Romania's entry into the European Union. This prompted many Moldovan citizens to apply for Romanian citizenship.[46] |
| Russia | 6 April 1992 | SeeMoldova–Russia relations Relations between Moldova and Russia deteriorated in November 2003 over a Russian proposal for the solution of the Transnistria conflict, which Moldovan authorities refused to accept. Following theRussian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, Moldova adopted a more cautious and critical stance toward Russia, condemning the aggression and aligning more closely with the European Union.
|
| Serbia | 15 March 1995 | SeeMoldova–Serbia relations |
| Slovenia | 27 October 1993 | SeeMoldova–Slovenia relations
|
| Spain | 31 January 1992 | SeeMoldova–Spain relations
|
| Sweden | 12 June 1992 | SeeMoldova–Sweden relations
|
| Switzerland | 2 September 1992 | SeeMoldova–Switzerland relations
|
| Ukraine | 10 March 1992 | SeeMoldova–Ukraine relations |
| United Kingdom | 17 January 1992 | SeeMoldova–United Kingdom relations Moldova establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 17 January 1992.[49]
Both countries share common membership of theCouncil of Europe, theInternational Criminal Court, theOSCE, theUnited Nations, theWorld Health Organization, and theWorld Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,[52] a Double Taxation Convention,[53] and aStrategic Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement.[54] |
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Australia | 1 April 1992 |
|
| New Zealand | 11 September 1992 |
|
| Americas | |
|---|---|
| Asia | |
| Europe | |
| Multilateral | |
| Disputes | |
| Diplomatic missions | |
