Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Foreign relations of Mauritania

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Arab LeagueMember State of the Arab League

flagMauritania portal

Theforeign relations of theIslamic Republic of Mauritania have, since 1960, been dominated by the issues of theSpanish Sahara (nowWestern Sahara orSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) and the recognition of its independence by its neighbours, particularlyMorocco. Mauritania's foreign relations are handled by theMinister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, who is currentlyMohamed Salem Ould Merzoug.[1][2]

History

[edit]
icon
This sectiondoes notcite anysources. Please helpimprove this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged andremoved.(July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Main article:History of the foreign relations of Mauritania

Previously acolony of France, Mauritania gained Independence in 1960, although this was disapproved of by theArab League due toMorocco's claims on Mauritania. Mauritania applied to join the United Nations in 1960 but was vetoed by theSoviet Union, who voted the next year for Mauritania's admission in exchange for the admission ofMongolia.

Initially, Mauritania continued good relations with France to counterbalance Morocco's ambitions, but by 1962 the country turned away from wholesale support of France and began normalizing relations with its neighbours, eventually establishing diplomatic relations withMali in 1963 through theTreaty of Kayes, and withAlgeria and theUnited Arab Republic in 1964. In 1963, Mauritania joined theOrganization of African Unity (OAU), which led to Morocco's resignation (Morocco did not recognize Mauritania until 1969). With the OAU's and Arab League's encouragement, Mauritania did not seek diplomatic relations withPortugal, Israel orapartheid South Africa; today, following the downfall of the Apartheid system and thedecolonization of Portugal's empire, relations with Portugal and South Africa have been normalized. Diplomatic relations with Israel continue to be strained due to theOccupation of Palestine.

Claims to Western Sahara territory

[edit]

In 1976, Mauritaniaofficially annexed a third of the thenSpanish Sahara following Spain's withdrawal from the region.[3]Algeria andMorocco responded by withdrawing their ambassadors from Mauritania; additionally, the rebelPolisario group began aguerilla war against both Mauritania and Morocco.[4]

Mauritania withdrew its claims and recognized theSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) as the territory's sovereign government in 1980, although this allowed Morocco to take control of the SADR.[5] Mauritania has since declaredneutrality in the dispute, seeking a peaceful and expedient end to the conflict, while its diplomatic relations with Algeria and Morocco have resumed.[6]

African Union membership

[edit]

Mauritania joined theAfrican Union (AU) in 1963.[7] Following a militarycoup d'état in 2005, Mauritania's membership was suspended "until the restoration of constitutional order in the country".[8][9] This leftMauritania diplomatically isolated within Africa, as it became the only country on the continent except Morocco without full membership in the AU.[10]

In March 2007 democratic rule was restored in Mauritania, withpresidential elections declared "free and fair" by international observers.[11][12] However, its membership was suspended again following the2008 coup.[13][14]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Mauritania maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate
1Germany28 November 1960[15]
2United Kingdom28 November 1960[16]
3United States28 November 1960[17]
4Japan29 November 1960[18]
5France6 December 1960[19]
6Belgium13 April 1961[20]
7Spain15 April 1961[21]
8Tunisia29 April 1961[22]
9Brazil17 May 1961[23]
10  Switzerland26 May 1961[24]
11Luxembourg20 September 1961[25]
12Netherlands9 March 1962[26]
13Senegal4 May 1962[27]
14Guinea15 August 1962[28]
15Ivory Coast15 August 1962[29]
16Italy25 February 1963[30]
17South Korea30 July 1963[31]
18Mali1963[32]
19Algeria9 April 1964[33]
20Serbia12 June 1964[34]
21Russia12 July 1964[35]
22Egypt21 October 1964[36]
23North Korea12 November 1964[37]
24Romania15 January 1965[38]
25Czech Republic9 March 1965[39]
26Vietnam15 March 1965[40]
27Ghana6 April 1965[41]
28China19 July 1965[42]
29Albania24 September 1965[43][44]
30India22 October 1965[45]
31Cambodia29 October 1965[46]
32Hungary1 December 1965[47]
33Poland3 December 1965[48]
34Chile10 December 1965[49]
35Gambia15 December 1965[50]
36Bulgaria28 December 1965[51]
37Syria11 June 1966[52]
38Ethiopia21 September 1966[53]
39Liberia13 March 1967[54]
40Mongolia30 June 1967[55]
41Canada12 December 1968[56]
42Sudan11 June 1969[57]
43Iraq1 September 1969[52]
44Cameroon13 November 1969[58]
45Niger4 December 1969[59]
46Libya9 January 1970[60]
47Kuwait17 March 1970[61]
48Saudi Arabia22 March 1970[62]
49Turkey14 April 1970[63]
50Jordan4 May 1970[64]
51Morocco6 June 1970[65]
52PakistanNovember 1970[66]
53Sweden14 December 1970[67]
54Austria1970[68][69]
55Republic of the Congo1970[70]
56Zambia30 April 1971[71]
57Lebanon10 June 1971[52]
58Sierra Leone21 October 1971[72]
59Democratic Republic of the CongoMay 1972[73]
60Cuba16 August 1972[74]
61Burkina Faso3 October 1972[75]
62Greece3 October 1972[76]
63United Arab Emirates16 March 1973[77]
64Qatar16 March 1973[78]
65Bahrain30 April 1973[79]
66Iran25 October 1973[80]
67Guinea-Bissau10 August 1974[81]
68Portugal3 March 1975[82]
69Denmark19 April 1975[83]
70Mexico24 June 1975[84]
71Uganda3 February 1976[85]
72NigeriaJune 1976[86]
73Argentina26 July 1976[87]
74AfghanistanJuly 1976[88]
75Thailand24 August 1976[89]
76Bangladesh4 October 1976[90]
77Myanmar5 October 1976[91]
78Cape Verde18 January 1977[92]
—Sovereign Military Order of Malta3 March 1977[93]
79Oman1977[94]
80Finland1 March 1979[95]
81Norway6 December 1983[96]
82Rwanda27 April 1985[97]
83Colombia1 July 1987[98]
84Angola2 December 1987[99]
—State of Palestine16 November 1988[100]
85Uruguay23 March 1989[101]
86Maldives16 October 1989[101]
87Peru19 June 1990[101]
88Estonia18 September 1991[101]
89Latvia18 September 1991[101]
90Seychelles10 January 1992[101]
91Ukraine30 September 1992[101]
92Slovakia1 January 1993[102]
93Kazakhstan28 April 1993[101]
94Bosnia and Herzegovina1 November 1993[103]
95Azerbaijan29 October 1994[104]
96South Africa25 December 1994[105]
97Slovenia4 June 1996[106]
—Israel (suspended)28 October 1999[107]
98Australia13 December 2001[108]
99Malta20 February 2003[109]
100Malaysia2003[110]
101Belarus6 July 2004[111]
102Kenya20 July 2004[112]
103Iceland6 October 2004[101]
104Croatia24 November 2004[113]
105North Macedonia23 March 2005[101]
106Cyprus6 May 2005[114]
107Mozambique23 February 2006[115]
108Botswana9 May 2007[101]
109Venezuela28 September 2007[116]
110Brunei23 October 2007[117]
111San Marino16 November 2007[118]
112Armenia30 January 2008[101]
113Uzbekistan2 July 2008[119]
114Zimbabwe25 July 2008[120]
115Montenegro16 December 2009[101]
—Kosovo14 September 2010[121]
116Namibia29 September 2010[122]
117Mauritius1 December 2010[123]
118Georgia16 June 2011[101]
119Monaco9 September 2011[124]
120Indonesia27 September 2011[125]
121Solomon Islands18 October 2011[101]
122Fiji19 December 2011[101]
123Moldova23 May 2012[101]
124Paraguay5 June 2012[126]
125Tuvalu13 June 2012[127]
126Equatorial Guinea6 October 2012[128]
127   Nepal4 December 2012[101]
128Sri Lanka12 December 2012[101]
129São Tomé and Príncipe4 August 2013[129]
130Andorra16 September 2013[130]
131Laos19 September 2013[101]
132Philippines30 September 2013[131]
133Central African Republic8 October 2013[132]
134Ecuador28 September 2014[133]
135Comoros29 December 2014[134]
136Eritrea16 August 2015[135]
137Tanzania1 September 2015[136]
138New Zealand2 September 2015[137]
139Kyrgyzstan30 September 2015[138]
140Madagascar11 November 2015[139]
—Holy See9 December 2016[140]
141Djibouti15 February 2017[141]
142Lesotho9 March 2017[142]
143South Sudan3 July 2017[143]
144Singapore22 February 2018[144]
145Eswatini22 March 2018[145]
146Somalia27 March 2018[146]
147Nicaragua14 October 2019[147]
148Honduras4 August 2020[148]
149Tajikistan21 September 2021[149]
150Burundi26 July 2022[150]
151Panama22 September 2022[101]
152Malawi18 October 2022[151][152]
153Ireland1 December 2022[153]
154Dominican Republic19 September 2023[101]
155Saint Lucia5 December 2023[154]
156El Salvador10 December 2024[101]
157Togo28 March 2025[155]
158ChadUnknown
159GabonUnknown[156]
160YemenUnknown

Bilateral relations

[edit]
[icon]
This sectionneeds expansion with: additional dates and embassies. You can help byadding missing information.(July 2021)
CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Argentina26 July 1976

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1976[157]

Argentina is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy inTunis, Tunisia.[158][159]

Austria
 People's Republic of China19 July 1965SeeChina–Mauritania relations

The government of Mauritania enjoys close ties with thegovernment of the People's Republic of China. Diplomatic relations were established on 19 July 1965,[42] and the governments remain on good terms. In recent years, they have signed a series of agreements and exchanged a series of diplomatic gestures that have strengthened their relationship.

The Chinese government has recently shown particular interest in Mauritania's oil deposits. Oil production in Mauritania began in February 2006, and by May of the same year the Chinese and Mauritanian governments signed an agreement on social and economic cooperation.[165] In October 2006, the state-ownedChina National Petroleum Corporation began drilling oil wells in Mauritania and has three other prospecting permits in Mauritania.[166] The Mauritanian government sees oil production as a significant means of boosting economic growth.

During the campaign for Mauritania'spresidential elections in March 2007, candidateSidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi praised Mauritania's growing ties with China, promising to "continue the path of strengthening the bilateral relations with all my efforts".[167]

Cyprus
  • Cyprus is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy inTripoli, Libya.[168]
  • Mauritania is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy inRome.[169]
Egypt21 October 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 1964 whenUAR (Egypt) officially recognized the Islamic Republic of Mauritania.[36]
Finland
  • Finland is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.
  • Mauritania is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
France6 December 1960SeeFrance–Mauritania relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1960.[170]

The relations date back to the colonial era when Mauritania was part ofFrench West Africa.

Most ofMauritania's developmental assistance in the 1980s was provided by France, which was also the major supplier of private direct investment. Bilateral accords signed with France in 1961 provided for economic, financial, technical, cultural, and military cooperation andaid. Although Mauritania opposed France onAlgerian independence, nuclear testing in the Sahara, and French arms sales to South Africa, ties remained cordial through theDaddah term. French citizens worked in Mauritania as technical assistants in the government, administrators, teachers, and judges.Daddah frequently traveled to France, and French development aid flowed to Mauritania. The level of French involvement rose markedly following the outbreak of hostilities in theWestern Sahara. Between 1976 and 1979, when Mauritania unilaterally declared peace and withdrew from combat, French aircraft provided air support for Mauritanian troops fightingPolisario forces, and French paratroops were stationed atNouadhibou.[171]

Activity by Mauritanian dissidents living in France, together with Mauritania's gradual policy shift toward the Polisario, resulted in a growing coldness toward Paris. In May 1979, Mauritania asked France to remove all its troops from Nouadhibou. France continued to provide a high level of financial aid, although less than requested by theHaidalla government, and this curtailment further strained ties. Following alleged accusations of Moroccan support of acoup attempt in March 1981, Haidalla again turned to France to obtain guarantees of Mauritania's territorial integrity. President of FranceGeorges Pompidou andHaidalla concluded an accord in 1981, as Morocco threatened to carry the struggle against Polisario guerrillas into Mauritanian territory. As Morocco's advancing sand walls increasingly obligated Polisario guerrillas to use Mauritania as a staging area, President Haidalla and, later, PresidentTaya sought and received guarantees of French support in August 1984 and June 1987.[171]

Germany28 November 1960SeeGermany–Mauritania relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 November 1960 when has been accredited first Ambassador ofFRG to Mauritania with residence inDakar, Mr. Reichhold. On 6 May 1961 first Ambassador of Mauritania to FRG Mr. Mamadou Toure presented his credentials to President Lubke.[172]

Greece
  • Greece is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.
  • Mauritania is accredited to Greece from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
Hungary1 December 1965

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1965.[173]

Hungary is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy inRabat, Morocco.[174][175]

Iceland6 October 2004Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 2004.[176]
India22 October 1965

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 1965.[45]

India is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy inBamako,Mali[179][180] and an honorary consulate inNouakchott.[181]

Indonesia27 September 2011Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2011.[125]
Israel28 October 1999[183]– 6 March 2009[184]

Mauritaniadeclared war on Israel as a result of the 1967Six-Day War,[185] following theArab League's collective decision (Mauritania was not admitted to the League until November 1973),[186] and did not reverse that official declaration until at least 1991.[185] Until 1999, Israelis were seemingly oblivious to the ongoing state of war.[185] Mauritania did not abide by moves torecognize Israel's right to exist in the same way as most otherArab countries, after the earlier 1967Khartoum Resolution.

Little public information exists as to the state of war,[187] and it has been inferred that the declaration of war has been reversed by:

  • behind the scenes meetings between Mauritania and Israel in 1995 and 1996 said to be at the instigation of Mauritania's PresidentMaaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya;[188]
  • the establishment of unofficial "interest sections" in the respective Spanish embassies of the two capital cities in 1996,[188] and;
  • the official exchange of diplomatic representatives in each other's countriesfrom 27 October 1999.[189]

In 1999 Mauritania became one of three members of the 22-member Arab League to recognize Israel as a sovereign state (the others beingEgypt andJordan)[190] This recognition was given by former PresidentMaaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya along with his cooperation with United States anti-terrorism activities. The establishment of full diplomatic relations was signed in Washington D.C on 28 October 1999.

After the coup by theMilitary Council for Justice and Democracy in August 2005, recognition of Israel was kept and maintained.[191][192]

As a response to theconflict in the Gaza Strip, relations were frozen with Israel in January 2009.[193] In February 2009, Mauritania recalled its ambassador from Israel,[190] and on 6 March 2009 staff were evicted from the Israeli embassy inNouakchott and given 48 hours to leave Mauritania.[194] Israel officially closed the embassy later in the day, according to an announcement by itsForeign Affairs Ministry.[195] By 21 March 2010 all diplomatic relations between the two states had officially ended.[196]

Italy25 February 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 February 1963 when first Ambassador of Mauritania to Italy (resident in Paris) Mr. Bakar Ould Ahmedou presented his credentials to President Antonio Segni.[30]
  • Italy is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy inRabat, Morocco.[197]
  • Mauritania has an embassy inRome.[198]
Japan29 November 1960

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1960, Mauritania has a resident embassy in Tokyo, Japan.[199]

Libya9 January 1970Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 January 1970.[60]
MaliJuly 1963

Since Mauritania negotiated a border dispute with Mali in 1963, ties between the two countries have been mostly cordial.[171] Mali and Mauritania have cooperated on several development projects, such as theOMVS[clarification needed] and a plan to improve roads between Nouakchott andBamako.[171] This cooperation somewhat lessened Mali's dependence onSenegal andCôte d'Ivoire.[171] Although relations were warm with other black African states, since 1965 the orientation of Mauritania's foreign policy has been geared towards relations withNorth African countries.

Mexico24 June 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1975.[200]
  • Mauritania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy inAlgiers,Algeria and an honorary consulate inNouakchott.
Morocco6 June 1970SeeMauritania–Morocco relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 1970.[65]

Prior to theDecember 1984 coup that broughtTaya to power, the Mauritanian-Moroccan cooperation agency stated that relations between the two countries were on the mend in spite of alleged Moroccan complicity in a1981 coup attempt and Mauritania's subsequent turn towardAlgeria. Representatives from both sides initiated a series of low-level contacts that led to a resumption of diplomatic ties in April 1985. For Mauritania, the relaxation withMorocco promised to end the threat of Moroccan incursions, and it also removed the threat of Moroccan support for opposition groups formed during theHaidalla presidency. Through the agreement with Mauritania, Morocco sought to tighten its control over theWestern Sahara by denying thePolisario one more avenue for infiltrating guerrillas into the disputed territory.[171]

Relations between Morocco and Mauritania continued to improve through 1986, reflecting President Taya's pragmatic, if unstated, view that only a Moroccan victory over the Polisario would end the guerrilla war in the Western Sahara. Taya made his first visit to Morocco in October 1985 (prior to visits toAlgeria andTunisia) in the wake of Moroccan claims that Polisario guerrillas were again traversing Mauritanian territory. The completion of a sixthberm just north of Mauritania's crucial rail link along the border with the Western Sahara, betweenNouadhibou and the iron ore mines, complicated relations between Mauritania and Morocco. Polisario guerrillas in mid-1987 had to traverse Mauritanian territory to enter the Western Sahara, a situation that invited Morocco's accusations of Mauritanian complicity. Moreover, any engagements near the sixth berm would threaten to spill over into Mauritania and jeopardize the rail link.[171]

Netherlands9 March 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 March 1962.[26]
  • Mauritania is accredited to The Netherlands from its embassy inBrussels,Belgium and an honorary consulate inMidwoud.[201]
  • The Netherlands is accredited to Mauritania from their embassy inDakar, Senegal.[202]
PakistanNovember 1970

Both countries established diplomatic relations inNovember 1970[203]

Pakistan and Mauritania maintain friendly relations, Pakistan has always supported Mauritania and so did Mauritania in the UN. Pakistan has provided equipment and training to Mauritanian Armed Forces, and is one of Pakistan's biggest trading partners.

Qatar16 March 1973

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1973.[78]

During the2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis, Mauritania on 6 June 2017 cut off all diplomatic relations withQatar.[204] Relations were officially reestablished on 22 March 2021.[205][206]

Poland
  • Mauritania is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.
Senegal4 May 1962SeeMauritania–Senegal relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 May 1962 when Permanent Representative of Mauritania to Senegal Mr. Mamadou Lamine Ba, presented his credentials to President Leopold Sedar Senghor.[27]

In the years following independence, Mauritania's principal ally in sub-Saharan Africa wasSenegal, although the two countries have espoused different strategies for development.[171] The growing split between blacks and Moors in Mauritania has, however, affected ties with Senegal, which sees itself as championing the rights of Mauritania's black minority.[171] UnderTaya, relations between the two countries were correct, even though each accused the other of harboring exiled dissidents.[171] In May 1987, Senegal extradited CaptainMoulaye Asham Ould Ashen, a former black member of theHaidalla government accused of corruption, but only after veiled threats fromNouakchott that failure to do so would result in Mauritania's allowing Senegalese dissidents a platform from which to speak out against the government of PresidentAbdou Diouf.[171] At the same time, Senegal and Mauritania have cooperated successfully withMali under the Senegal River Development Office (Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve Sénégal—OMVS), which was formed in 1972 as a flood control, irrigation, and agricultural development project.

Serbia12 June 1964

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 June 1964.[34]

Serbia is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy inRabat, Morocco.[207]

Singapore22 February 2018
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 February 2018.[144]
  • Mauritania is accredited to Singapore from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.[144]
South Africa25 December 1994
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 December 1994.[208]
  • Both countries are full members of theAfrican Union.
South Korea30 July 1963

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 July 1963.[31] But South Korea severed its ties with Mauritania on 5 December 1964.[209] Diplomatic relations were resumed on 19 December 1978[210]

Mauritania and South Korea have made several high-ranking visits to each other's countries, including the Ambassador for the Permanent Mission of Mauritania to Geneva, traveled to South Korea in October 2008, and the Ambassador of the Republic of Korea to the Kingdom of Morocco, Lee Tae Ho to Mauritania in February 2013.[211]

 Switzerland26 May 1961
Turkey14 April 1970SeeMauritania–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1970.[63]

Ukraine30 September 1992Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1992.[214]
  • Mauritania is accredited to Ukraine from its embassy inBerlin, Germany.
  • Ukraine is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy inRabat, Morocco.[215][216]
United Kingdom28 November 1960

Mauritania establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 28 November 1960.[16]

  • Mauritania maintains anembassy inLondon.[217]
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Mauritania through its embassy in Nouakchott.[218]

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,[219] and theWorld Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.[220]

The UK did not have an embassy in Mauritania until 2018: the British ambassador toSenegal was also accredited to Mauritania from 1960 to 1990 (Mauritania suspended relations with the UK following theSix-Day War and resumed them on 10 April 1968)[221] and the British ambassador to Morocco was also accredited to Mauritania from 1990 until 2018 when the UK upgraded its office inNouakchott to an embassy and appointed a resident ambassador.[222]

United States28 November 1960SeeMauritania–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 November 1960.[223]

Embassy of Mauritania in Washington, D.C.

The U.S. Government fully supports Mauritania's transition to democracy and congratulates Mauritania on the successful series of 2006–2007 parliamentary, local and presidential elections. The U.S. condemned the August 2005 coup and the unconstitutional assumption of power by theMilitary Council for Justice and Democracy, and called for a return to a "constitutional government through free and fair elections as soon as possible".

The United States provided election-related assistance for voting education, political party training, and democracy building. The U.S. now aims to work with the Mauritanian Government to expand bilateral cooperation in the areas of food security, health, education, security, strengthening democratic institutions, and counterterrorism.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Nouveau gouvernement en Mauritanie, départ du ministre des Affaires étrangères".VOA (in French). 1 April 2022. Retrieved30 August 2023.
  2. ^"Mauritanie : 25 ministres dans le nouveau gouvernement".www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  3. ^"Aux termes de l'accord conclu entre Madrid, Rabat et Nouakchott La présence espagnole prendra fin le 28 février 1976".Le Monde.fr (in French). 17 November 1975. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  4. ^"Le Maroc et la Mauritanie délimitent leur frontière au Sahara occidental".Le Monde.fr (in French). 16 April 1976. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  5. ^"Le Maroc a annexé le territoire évacué par la Mauritanie".Le Monde.fr (in French). 16 August 1979. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  6. ^"I. – La neutralité difficile".Le Monde.fr (in French). 5 March 1985. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  7. ^"Member States".African Union. Archived fromthe original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved12 July 2021.
  8. ^African Union suspends Mauritania over coup,Reuters, 4 August 2005.
  9. ^"Coup ousts West-leaning leader of Mauritania".NBC News. 3 August 2005. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  10. ^Map of African UnionArchived 5 January 2008 at theWayback Machine
  11. ^"Mauritania vote 'free and fair'". 12 March 2007 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  12. ^"Mauritania swears in new president".Al Jazeera. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  13. ^"AU to suspend Mauritania membership for coup,Xinhua, August 9, 2008". Archived fromthe original on 19 August 2008.
  14. ^Walker, Peter (6 August 2008)."Mauritania's president deposed in coup".The Guardian.ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  15. ^Mechthild Lindemann, Michael Mayer (2013).Akten zur Auswärtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1962 (in German). Walter de Gruyter. pp. 676–677.ISBN 978-3-486-71830-0. Retrieved11 June 2025.
  16. ^abThe Diplomatic Service List Volume 5. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1970. p. 142. Retrieved10 June 2023.
  17. ^"All Countries".Office of the Historian. Retrieved12 November 2021.
  18. ^"Japan-Mauritania Relations (Basic Data)".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved30 December 2018.
  19. ^"Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945"(PDF).Diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved15 December 2023.
  20. ^Belgisch staatsblad Issues 87–109 (in French and Dutch). 1963. p. 5743.
  21. ^"Relaciones diplomáticas del Estado Espaniol" (in Spanish). p. 307. Retrieved23 July 2022.
  22. ^Députés et conseillers économiques des républiques d'expression française, 1962 (in French). Annuaire Afrique. 1962. p. 206.M. BACAR Ould AHMEDOU ... accrédité en qualité d'ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire auprès de la Tunisie le 29 avril 1961
  23. ^"Cria uma Embaixada do Brasil na República da Mauritânia. Decreto nº 50.606, de 17 de maio de 1961".PORTAL DE LEGISLAÇÃO (in Portuguese). Retrieved4 June 2023.
  24. ^"Tribolet, Jean-Jacques de Est également accrédité en Mauritanie. Nomination par le Conseil fédéral le 26.5.1961, cf. PVCF No 935".dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved19 May 2023.
  25. ^"Bulletin de documentation_1961_12"(PDF).sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 25. Retrieved18 June 2023.
  26. ^abJaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 69–72 (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1961. p. 98.
  27. ^abDaily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 90–91. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. p. 11.
  28. ^Mokhtar Ould Daddah (2003).La Mauritanie contre vents et marées (in French). Karthala. p. 260.ISBN 978-2-84586-437-5.
  29. ^"Mauritanie: Audiences - Les adieux de l'ambassadeur de Mauritanie à Ouattara".allAfrica (in French). 13 October 2012. Retrieved9 February 2024.Au sujet de la communauté mauritanienne vivant en Côte d'Ivoire ... relations diplomatiques établies entre les deux pays depuis le 15 août 1962.
  30. ^ab"Presidenza Antonio Segni Bakar Ould Ahmedou, nuovo ambasciatore della Mauritania: presentazione lettere credenziali".Portale storico della Presidenza della Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved7 July 2023.
  31. ^ab"Overview".Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea. Retrieved10 June 2023.
  32. ^Handloff, Robert E. "Relations with Other African States". InMauritania: A Country Study (Robert E. Handloff, editor).Library of CongressFederal Research Division (June 1988).This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  33. ^Monde colonial illustré, 41 (in French). 1963. p. 54.
  34. ^abSummary of the Yugoslav Press. Joint Translation Service. 1964. p. 7.
  35. ^"Briefing by Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman Maria Zakharova, Moscow, November 27, 2020 : Mauritania's Independence Day".mid.ru. Retrieved7 July 2023.
  36. ^abBrian Dean Curran, Joann L. Schrock (1972).Area Handbook for Mauritania. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 97. Retrieved22 July 2023.
  37. ^"DPRK Diplomatic Relations"(PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp. 8–9. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved14 July 2022.
  38. ^"Diplomatic Relations of Romania".Ministerul Afacerilor Externe. Retrieved28 December 2023.
  39. ^Petruf, Pavol.Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 (in Slovak). pp. 99–119.
  40. ^"Africa". April 2010. Retrieved29 April 2023.
  41. ^Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1965. p. 273.Ghana - Mauritania . Dr. P. K. Foli, Ghana's Ambassador to Mauritania, has presented his credentials . (GT 6/4 )
  42. ^ab"Mauritania".China Internet Information Center. Retrieved30 April 2023.
  43. ^Directory of Officials of the People's Republic of Albania. CIA. 1974. pp. 5–7.
  44. ^News from Hsinhua News Agency daily bulletin. Xin hua tong xun she. 1965. p. 22.... Albania, Mauritania establish diplomatic relations tirana, september twenty fourth chsinhua) the albanian and mauritanian governments have decided to establish diplomatic relations, according to press reports
  45. ^abIndian Information Volume 8. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. 1965. p. 699.
  46. ^Etudes Cambodgiennes (in French). 1965. p. 13.
  47. ^Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts. Vol. 231–235. pp. HH 2.
  48. ^"Mauritanie".gov.pl. Retrieved23 April 2023.
  49. ^"Reseña histórica de la presencia chilena en África" (in Spanish). p. 6. Retrieved11 May 2023.
  50. ^Diplomatic and Consular List. Gambia. Government Printer. 1967. p. 1.
  51. ^"Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878–2005)" (in Bulgarian).
  52. ^abcMokhtar Ould Daddah (2003).La Mauritanie contre vents et marées (in French). Karthala. p. 520.
  53. ^Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 2262–2303. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1966. p. 5.
  54. ^Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1967. p. 734.
  55. ^"Diplomatic and Consular List"(PDF).Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia. March 2020. pp. 4–8. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 21 February 2022. Retrieved13 February 2024.
  56. ^Linwood, DeLong (January 2020)."A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Retrieved26 June 2023.
  57. ^Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 3041–3117. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1969.
  58. ^Jeune Afrique Issues 452-469 (in French). Société africaine de presse. 1969.M. Ahmed Ould Dié, ambassadeur de Mauritanie au Cameroun, avec résidence à Lagos, a présenté le 13 novembre, ses lettres de créance à M. Ahidjo, chef de l'Etat camerounais.
  59. ^Europe, France outremer Issues 477-488 (in French). 1969. p. 62.MAURITANIE ... Premier ambassadeur au Niger : M. Ahmed Ould Dié
  60. ^abARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1970. p. 41.
  61. ^Middle East Economic Digest Volume 14. 1970. p. 375.
  62. ^ARR Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1970. p. 180.
  63. ^abMiddle East Economic Digest Volume 14. 1970. p. 509.
  64. ^Record of the Arab World Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics. Research and Publishing House. 1970. p. 3277.
  65. ^abAbdeslam Sefiri (1983).L'Organisation de l'unité africaine (OUA) et le dossier du Sahara: essai d'analyse juridique (in French). Imp. du Littoral. p. 70.
  66. ^"Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1971. Выпуск пятнадцатый. Зарубежные страны"(PDF) (in Russian). p. 342. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved2 March 2024.
  67. ^Bulletin de l'Afrique noire – Issues 627–651 (in French). Ediafric. 1971.
  68. ^Bulletin de l'Afrique noire Issues 581-605 (in French). Ediafric. 1970.August Josef TARTER, ambassadeur d'Autriche au Sénégal, en Côte - d'Ivoire, au Dahomey, en Haute - Volta, au Mali, en Mauritanie, au Niger et au Togo, a présenté ses lettres de créance au Mali le 21 février dernier ...
  69. ^Internationales Afrika Forum Volumes 6-7 (in German). 1970. p. 143.August Tarter, der Österreich in Senegal, Elfenbeinküste, Dahomey, Obervolta, Mauretanien, Niger und Togo vertreten wird, hat seine Beglaubigungsschreiben überreicht
  70. ^"Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1971. Выпуск пятнадцатый. Зарубежные страны"(PDF) (in Russian). p. 301. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved2 March 2024.
  71. ^Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 3650–3723. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1971. p. 3.
  72. ^Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1971. p. 2279.
  73. ^"Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1973. Выпуск семнадцатый. Зарубежные страны: Австралия-Мартиника"(PDF) (in Russian). p. 323. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved21 April 2024.
  74. ^"Memoria anual 2015"(PDF) (in Spanish). 2015. pp. 19–25. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 7 May 2019.
  75. ^Bulletin de l'Afrique noire Issues 698-717 (in French). Ediafric. 1972.M. Henri OUATTARA, ambassadeur de Haute - Volta au Mali et en Mauritanie, a présenté ses lettres de créance le 3 octobre 1972 (résidence Bamako )
  76. ^Bulletin de l'Afrique noire – Issues 698–717 (in French). Ediafric. 1972.
  77. ^Record of the Arab World: Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics. Research and Publishing House. 1973. p. 179.
  78. ^abBulletin de l'Afrique noire – Issues 718–742 (in French). Ediafric. 1973.
  79. ^"العلاقات الثنائية".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bahrain (in Arabic). Retrieved30 April 2023.
  80. ^Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 4412–4487. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1973. p. 5. Retrieved23 April 2023.
  81. ^Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa Issues 1497–1511. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1974. p. 49. Retrieved27 April 2023.
  82. ^"Mauritânia".portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved18 June 2023.
  83. ^Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender 1976(PDF) (in Danish). 1976. p. 264.
  84. ^"Nombramientos diplomaticos de reciente ingreso al senado de la republica en Africa, el Caribe y Europa"(PDF).centrogilbertobosques.senado.gob.mx (in Spanish). p. 5. Retrieved18 June 2023.
  85. ^MEED Arab Report. Middle East Economic Digest Limited. 1976.
  86. ^"Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1977. Выпуск двадцать первый. Часть II - Зарубежные страны: Люксембург-Япония"(PDF) (in Russian). p. 311. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 24 June 2023. Retrieved27 February 2024.
  87. ^"Biblioteca Digital de Tratados" (in Spanish). Retrieved27 June 2023.
  88. ^"Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1977. Выпуск двадцать первый: Часть II - Зарубежные страны: Австралия-Лихтенштейн"(PDF) (in Russian). p. 209. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 24 June 2023. Retrieved1 March 2024.
  89. ^"สาธารณรัฐอิสลามมอริเตเนีย (MFA Thailand in Thai)". Archived fromthe original on 19 August 2024. Retrieved18 June 2023.
  90. ^Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1976. p. 4243.
  91. ^"Diplomatic relations". Archived fromthe original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved13 May 2022.
  92. ^Muzart-Fonseca dos Santos, Idelette; Manuel Da Costa Esteves, José; Rolland, Denis (2007).Les îles du Cap-Vert: langues, mémoires, histoire (in French).L'Harmattan. pp. 239–240.
  93. ^Revue française d'études politiques africaines, 33–137. Société africaine d'édition. 1977. p. 14.
  94. ^Joseph A. Kechichian."Countries with which Oman has diplomatic relations"(PDF).Oman and the World The emergence of an independent foreign policy. pp. 319–322. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 22 October 2014. Retrieved24 November 2023.
  95. ^"Finland and Mauritania".finlandabroad.fi. Retrieved18 June 2023.
  96. ^"Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater"(PDF).regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved18 October 2021.
  97. ^Afrique nouvelle – Issues 1852–1877 (in French). 1985. p. 11.
  98. ^"África, Medio Oriente y Asia Central" (in Spanish). Retrieved29 June 2023.
  99. ^NewsBulletin – Issues 55–86. ANGOP. 1987. p. 1.
  100. ^"فلسطين وموريتانيا".Palestinian Embassy in Mauritania (in Arabic). Retrieved21 October 2024.
  101. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw"Diplomatic relations between Mauritania and ..."United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved9 September 2023.
  102. ^"Štáty a teritóriá" (in Slovak). Retrieved26 May 2023.
  103. ^"Dates of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations".Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2 April 2010. Retrieved22 July 2023.
  104. ^"Bilateral diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania".Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved23 April 2023.
  105. ^"Transition (1990–1994) – Chronologies: 1994".omalley.nelsonmandela.org. Retrieved10 June 2023.
  106. ^Đogić, Mojca Pristavec (September 2016)."Priznanja samostojne Slovenije"(PDF) (in Slovenian). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 26 April 2023. Retrieved11 July 2023.
  107. ^"Remarks at Ceremony on Signing of Diplomatic Relations between Israel and Mauritania"(PDF).jcpa-lecape.org. Retrieved18 June 2023.
  108. ^The Australian Year Book of International Law – Volume 22. Butterworths. 2002. p. 330.
  109. ^"New ambassadors". 21 February 2003. Retrieved28 December 2024.
  110. ^"Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara - negara luar" (in Malay). Archived fromthe original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved13 November 2021.
  111. ^"On Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Belarus and Mauritania".mfa.gov.by. 7 July 2004. Archived fromthe original on 26 January 2025. Retrieved22 July 2023.
  112. ^"Kenya - Diplomatic List May 2008"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 4 September 2012. Retrieved25 January 2024.
  113. ^"Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Retrieved5 February 2022.
  114. ^"EMBASSY OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF MAURITANIA". Archived fromthe original on 21 February 2006. Retrieved28 December 2024.
  115. ^"السفير الموريتاني في الموزمبيق يقدم أوراق اعتماده".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in Arabic). 23 February 2006. Retrieved10 June 2025.
  116. ^"Hoy extendemos un cordial saludo al Gobierno y Pueblo de Mauritania al celebrarse 13 años del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas".Cancillería Venezuela (in Spanish). Retrieved7 May 2023.
  117. ^"سفيرنا يقدم أوراق اعتماده لدى سلطنة بروناي".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in Arabic). 24 October 2007. Retrieved11 June 2025.
  118. ^"Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino" (in Italian). Retrieved15 December 2021.
  119. ^"States with Which the Republic of Uzbekistan Established Diplomatic Relations".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Retrieved6 February 2025.
  120. ^"L'ambassadeur de Mauritanie au Zinbabwé présente ses lettres de créances".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 25 July 2008. Retrieved24 July 2023.[permanent dead link]
  121. ^Gëzim Visoka (2018).Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 219–221.ISBN 9781138285330.
  122. ^"Heads of Diplomatic Mission (In Order of Precedence)"(PDF). 17 April 2013. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 21 July 2023. Retrieved25 July 2023.
  123. ^"The Islamic Republic of Mauritania".foreign.govmu.org. Archived fromthe original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved10 August 2023.
  124. ^"Etablissement de relations diplomatiques entre la Principauté de Monaco et la République Islamique de Mauritanie".newsmontecarlo.com. Archived fromthe original on 18 June 2023. Retrieved18 June 2023.
  125. ^ab"Indonesia dan Muritania Sepakat Tingkatkan Hubungan Diplomatik".KEMENTERIAN SEKRETARIAT NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA (in Indonesian). Retrieved10 June 2023.
  126. ^"Etablissement de relations diplomatiques entre la Mauritanie et le Paraguay".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). Retrieved18 June 2023.
  127. ^"Etablissement de relations diplomatique entre la Mauritanie et l'Etat de Tuvalu" (in French). 13 June 2012. Retrieved12 July 2022.
  128. ^"L'ambassadeur de Mauritanie présente ses lettres de créances au président de la République de Guinée Equatoriale".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 7 October 2012. Retrieved24 July 2023.
  129. ^"L'ambassadeur mauritanien à Sao Tomé présente ses lettres de créance".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 4 August 2013. Retrieved30 July 2023.
  130. ^"Bilateral Affairs". Mae.ad. Retrieved30 December 2018.
  131. ^"The Republic of the Philippines and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania celebrate 8 years of formal diplomatic relations today, September 30!". 30 September 2021. Retrieved31 July 2023.
  132. ^"Le Président de la République reçoit les lettres de créances de l'ambassadeur de Centrafrique".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 8 October 2013. Retrieved10 August 2023.
  133. ^"Signature à New York d'un accord d'établissement de relations diplomatiques entre notre pays et l'Equateur".
  134. ^"Mauritanie : Accréditation de Ould Cheikh Moustapha, Ambassadeur auprès de l'Union des Iles Comores" (in French). Retrieved3 June 2025.
  135. ^"L'ambassadeur de Mauritanie en Erythrée présente ses Lettres de Créance".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 17 August 2015. Retrieved24 July 2023.
  136. ^"Le Président de la République reçoit les lettres de créance du nouvel ambassadeur de Tanzanie".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 1 September 2015. Retrieved30 July 2023.
  137. ^"Credentials Wednesday 2 September 2015".gg.govt.nz. Retrieved18 June 2023.
  138. ^"Kyrgyzstan establishes diplomatic relations with Mauritania".AKIpress. 1 October 2015. Retrieved22 July 2023.
  139. ^"Notre ambassadeur à Antananarivo remet ses lettres de créances au Président malgache".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 13 November 2015. Retrieved24 July 2023.
  140. ^"Note on the diplomatic relations of the Holy See, 09.01.2017". January 2017. Retrieved5 September 2022.
  141. ^"Remise des lettres de Créance de notre ambassadeur en République de Djibouti".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 15 February 2017. Retrieved24 July 2023.
  142. ^"Notre ambassadeur à Maseru présente ses lettres de créances au Roi du Lesotho".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 11 March 2017. Retrieved24 July 2023.
  143. ^"Le ministre des affaires étrangères signe à Addis Abéba un communiqué conjoint établissant les relations diplomatiques avec le Sud Soudan". Retrieved15 April 2019.
  144. ^abc"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 20 August 2017. Retrieved3 September 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  145. ^"L'ambassadeur de Mauritanie au Swaziland présente ses lettres de créance au Roi Mswati III".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 24 March 2018. Retrieved24 July 2023.
  146. ^"Somali president receives credentials from Mauritania Ambassador". 27 March 2018. Archived fromthe original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved15 August 2023.
  147. ^"Embajadores de Siria y la República Islámica de Mauritania entregan copias de estilo a canciller Denis Moncada" (in Spanish). 14 October 2019. Retrieved18 July 2023.
  148. ^"El Embajador designado de la República Mauritania, Abdoulaye Idrissa Wagne, presenta Copias de Estilo de manera virtual ante la Cancillería de Honduras".Facebook (in Spanish). 4 August 2020. Retrieved1 January 2023.
  149. ^"Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania".Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan in the Federal Republic of Germany. Retrieved18 June 2023.
  150. ^"Le Président de la République reçoit les lettres de créance de l'ambassadeur du Burundi".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 26 July 2022. Retrieved10 August 2023.
  151. ^"L'ambassadeur de Mauritanie auprès de la République du Malawi présente ses lettres de créance".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 18 October 2022. Retrieved31 May 2024.
  152. ^"17 non-residential envoys present letter of credence to Chakwera".Malawi 24. 18 October 2022. Retrieved31 May 2024.
  153. ^"Ambassador Fraser was pleased to host H.E. Ambassador Sidya Ould Elhadj to establish formal diplomatic relations between Ireland and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania today".Embassy of Ireland. Retrieved7 May 2023.
  154. ^"La Mauritanie et Sainte-Lucie conviennent d'établir des relations diplomatiques".Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 6 December 2023. Retrieved7 December 2023.
  155. ^"Intenses activités diplomatiques du chef de l'Etat avec la présentation des lettres de créance".Présidence de la République Togolaise (in French). 29 March 2025. Archived from the original on 29 March 2025. Retrieved3 April 2025.
  156. ^"Le Chef de l'Etat reçoit le Premier ministre gabonais" (in French). 18 April 2007. Retrieved1 February 2025.
  157. ^"Comunicado Conjunto Estableciendo Relaciones Diplomáticas entre el Gobierno de la República Argentina y el Gobierno de la República Islámica de Mauritania".Biblioteca Digital de Tratados (in Spanish). Retrieved23 April 2023.
  158. ^"Embassy in Tunisia | Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto".
  159. ^"Embajada en Túnez | Jurisdicción".
  160. ^"Search for Austrian Representations – BMEIA, Außenministerium Österreich".www.bmeia.gv.at.
  161. ^"Circonscription consulaire – Österreichische Botschaft Rabat".www.bmeia.gv.at.
  162. ^"Search for Austrian Representations – BMEIA, Außenministerium Österreich".www.bmeia.gv.at.
  163. ^"Search for Foreign Representations in Austria – BMEIA, Außenministerium Österreich".www.bmeia.gv.at.
  164. ^"Start".mauretanien-embassy.de.
  165. ^"China, Mauritania sign $2mn co-operation deal".BusinessinAfrica.net.South African Press Association;Agence France-Presse. 22 May 2006. Archived fromthe original on 27 September 2007.
  166. ^"Chinese national oil firm prospecting for onshore oil in Mauritania".University of Alberta.Agence France-Presse. 16 October 2006. Archived fromthe original on 13 March 2009. Retrieved7 March 2009.
  167. ^"Mauritania's presidential candidates hail ties with China".People's Daily.Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. 12 March 2007. Retrieved7 March 2009.
  168. ^"MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS – Cyprus Diplomatic Missions Abroad".www.mfa.gov.cy. Retrieved30 December 2018.
  169. ^"MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS – Foreign Diplomatic Missions in Cyprus – International Organizations".www.mfa.gov.cy. Retrieved30 December 2018.
  170. ^"Liste chronologique des ambassadeurs, envoyes extraordinaires, ministres plenipotentiaires et charges d'affaires de France a l'etranger depuis 1945"(PDF).diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). p. 80. Retrieved22 July 2023.
  171. ^abcdefghijkHandloff, Robert E. "Relations with France". InMauritania: A Country Study (Robert E. Handloff, editor).Library of CongressFederal Research Division (June 1988).This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  172. ^Mechthild Lindemann, Michael Mayer (2013).Akten zur Auswärtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1962 (in German). Walter de Gruyter. pp. 676–677.ISBN 978-3-486-71830-0. Retrieved23 July 2023.
  173. ^Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 231–235. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1965. p. 34. Retrieved23 April 2023.
  174. ^"Government – Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade – Missions". Archived fromthe original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved3 September 2019.
  175. ^"Embassy of Hungary Rabat".rabat.mfa.gov.hu.
  176. ^"Diplomatic Relations Between Iceland and Mauritania as of 6 Oct. 2004".digitallibrary.un.org. 6 October 2005. Retrieved7 May 2023.
  177. ^https://www.government.is/lisalib/getfile.aspx?itemid=0eb3fa9f-6130-11e9-943a-005056bc4d74Archived 28 July 2021 at theWayback Machine[bare URL PDF]
  178. ^"Máritanía".www.government.is.
  179. ^"Pradeep Kumar Gupta concurrently accredited as the next Ambassador of India to the Islamic Republic of Mauritania".mea.gov.in.
  180. ^"Embassy of India, Bamako, Mali : Indian Community in Mauritania".www.embassyofindiabamako.gov.in.
  181. ^"Embassy of India, Bamako, Mali : Honorary Consul of India".www.embassyofindiabamako.gov.in.
  182. ^"Biography of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Mauritanians Abroad, Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed".Mauritanian embassy Jakarta. ministere des affaires etrangeres Mauritanie. Retrieved9 March 2022.
  183. ^"CNN – Albright praises new diplomatic ties between Israel, Mauritania – October 28, 1999".CNN. Archived fromthe original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  184. ^"Mauritania expels Israeli diplomats, shuts embassy".Reuters. 6 March 2009. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  185. ^abc"In Bed With Phillip - 20 Years of Late Night Live – War and its Legacy – Amos Oz".www.abc.net.au.
  186. ^Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla (12 May 2008).The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History [4 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO.ISBN 9781851098422 – via Google Books.
  187. ^Constantin, François; Coulon, Christian (21 May 2013), Centre de recherches et d’études sur les sociétés méditerranéennes; Centre d’étude d’Afrique noire (eds.),"Les relations internationales de la Mauritanie",Introduction à la Mauritanie, Connaissance du monde arabe (in French), Aix-en-Provence: Institut de recherches et d’études sur les mondes arabes et musulmans, pp. 323–360,ISBN 978-2-271-08123-0, retrieved12 November 2023{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  188. ^abPazzanita, Anthony G. (23 October 2008).Historical Dictionary of Mauritania. Scarecrow Press.ISBN 9780810862654 – via Google Books.
  189. ^Lea, David; Rowe, Annamarie (22 May 2001).A Political Chronology of Africa. Taylor & Francis.ISBN 9781857431162 – via Google Books.
  190. ^abFriedman, Matti (6 March 2009)."Officials: Mauritania expels Israeli ambassador". Associated Press. Archived fromthe original on 13 March 2009. Retrieved7 March 2009.
  191. ^"Post-coup Mauritania will keep ties with Israel".The Jerusalem Post. 11 October 2005.ISSN 0792-822X. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  192. ^"Mauritania leader to maintain Israel relations".The Jerusalem Post. 10 October 2005.ISSN 0792-822X. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  193. ^Sidi Salem, Hachem; Fertey, Vincent (6 March 2009)."Mauritania tells Israel embassy to leave".International Herald Tribune.The New York Times Company. Retrieved7 March 2009.
  194. ^Sidi Salem, Hachem (6 March 2009)."Staff leave Israeli embassy in Mauritania".Thomson Reuters. Archived fromthe original on 13 March 2009. Retrieved7 March 2009.
  195. ^"Israel closes Mauritania embassy". BBC. 6 March 2009. Retrieved7 March 2009.
  196. ^"Mauritania Formally Severs Diplomatic Ties With Israel".Haaretz. 21 March 2010. Retrieved30 December 2018.
  197. ^"Rete diplomatica".www.esteri.it.
  198. ^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 3 January 2019. Retrieved3 September 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  199. ^"Japan-Mauritania Relations (Basic Data)".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved30 December 2018.
  200. ^"Nombramientos diplomaticos de reciente ingreso al senado de la republica en Africa, el Caribe y Europa"(PDF).centrogilbertobosques.senado.gob.mx (in Spanish). p. 5. Retrieved18 June 2023.
  201. ^Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (21 February 2018)."Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Brussel) – Embassies, consulates and other representations – Government.nl".www.government.nl.
  202. ^Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (4 November 2016)."Senegal – netherlandsandyou.nl".www.netherlandsandyou.nl.
  203. ^"Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1971. Выпуск пятнадцатый. Зарубежные страны"(PDF) (in Russian). p. 342. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved2 March 2024.
  204. ^"Mauritania breaks diplomatic ties with Qatar, Gabon voices condemnation".Reuters. 7 June 2017. Retrieved7 June 2017.
  205. ^"Mauritania re-establishes diplomatic ties with Qatar".Al Jazeera English. 22 March 2021."After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties," the ministry said in a statement released to the Mauritanian News Agency on Sunday.
  206. ^"Mauritania re-establishes diplomatic ties with Qatar".Al Jazeera. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  207. ^"Other Countries RS- Mauritania".www.mfa.gov.rs. Archived fromthe original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved30 December 2018.
  208. ^"Transition (1990–1994) – Chronologies: 1994".omalley.nelsonmandela.org. Retrieved10 June 2023.
  209. ^Asian Forum – Volumes 3–4. Pan-Asia Foundation, Institute for Asian Studies. 1971. p. 114.
  210. ^Korea Annual – Volume 19. Hapdong News Agency. 1982. p. 305.
  211. ^"Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Middle East and Africa". Archived fromthe original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved28 June 2015.
  212. ^"Tribolet, Jean-Jacques de Est également accrédité en Mauritanie. Nomination par le Conseil fédéral le 26.5.1961, cf. PVCF No 935".dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved19 May 2023.
  213. ^"Relations between Turkey and Mauritania".
  214. ^"Diplomatic Relations Between Ukraine and Mauritania as of 30 Sept. 1992".digitallibrary.un.org. 30 September 1992. Retrieved7 May 2023.
  215. ^"Republic of Mauritania – Find an Embassy – Permanent Mission of Ukraine to the UN Office and other International Organizations in Geneva". Archived fromthe original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved3 September 2019.
  216. ^"Contacts – Ambassade d'Ukraine au Royaume du Maroc". Archived fromthe original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved3 September 2019.
  217. ^"Welcome".Embassy of Mauritania.Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved23 January 2024.
  218. ^"British Embassy Nouakchott".GOV.UK.Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved23 January 2024.
  219. ^Politi, James (19 September 2023)."US unveils Atlantic co-operation pact".Financial Times.Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved19 January 2024.
  220. ^Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (17 July 2023)."Country and regional development partnership summaries".GOV.UK.Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved27 May 2024.
  221. ^A Political Chronology of Africa. Routledge. 2003. p. 285.ISBN 9781135356668.
  222. ^"Change of Her Majesty's Ambassador to Mauritania". Foreign & Commonwealth Office. 10 May 2018.
  223. ^"A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Mauritania".Office of the Historian. Retrieved23 April 2023.
Africa
Seal of Mauritania
Americas
Asia
Europe
Related topics
Mauritania articles
History
Geography
Politics
Economy
Society
Foreign relations of Africa
Sovereign states
States with limited
recognition
Dependencies and
other territories
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Mauritania&oldid=1325650460"
Category:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2026 Movatter.jp