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Foreign relations of Latvia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Riga

Theforeign relations of Latvia are primarily managed by theMinistry of Foreign Affairs. The modernRepublic of Latvia considers itself a continuation of the1918–1940 Latvian state. After declaring the restoration of full independence on August 21, 1991, Latvia joined theUnited Nations on September 17, 1991, and has since become a signatory to numerous UN organizations and international agreements. On June 3, 2025, Latvia was elected to theUnited Nations Security Council by theGeneral Assembly.[1]

Latvia actively pursues deeper integration and cooperation withNATO, theEuropean Union (EU), theOECD, and other Western organizations. It also seeks to expand its role inUN peacekeeping missions worldwide.

Latvia is a member of several international organizations, including:

In anationwide referendum on September 20, 2003, Latvians voted in favor of joining theEuropean Union. Latvia officially became anEU member state on May 1, 2004.[2] It also joinedNATO on March 29, 2004.[3]

On April 11, 2024,Latvia signed a 10-year security agreement withUkraine.[4]

Multilateral

[edit]
OrganizationFormal Relations BeganNotes
European UnionSee2004 enlargement of the European Union

Latvia joined theEuropean Union as a full member on 1 May 2004.

NATO

Latvia joinedNATO as a full member on 29 March 2004.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Latvia maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate[5]
1Denmark24 August 1991
2Iceland26 August 1991
3Australia27 August 1991
4Norway27 August 1991
5Germany28 August 1991
6Sweden28 August 1991
7Finland29 August 1991
8France30 August 1991
9Italy30 August 1991
10Poland30 August 1991
11Greece2 September 1991
12Hungary2 September 1991
13Canada3 September 1991
14Belgium5 September 1991
15  Switzerland5 September 1991
16United Kingdom5 September 1991
17United States5 September 1991
18Estonia6 September 1991
19Bulgaria10 September 1991
20China12 September 1991
21Romania13 September 1991
22Mauritania18 September 1991
23Netherlands24 September 1991
24Argentina26 September 1991
25Chile26 September 1991
26North Korea26 September 1991
27Slovenia30 September 1991
–Holy See1 October 1991
28Portugal2 October 1991
29Russia4 October 1991
30Lithuania5 October 1991
31Ireland9 October 1991
32Spain9 October 1991
33Japan10 October 1991
34Mongolia15 October 1991
35South Korea22 October 1991
36Turkey22 October 1991
37South Africa4 November 1991
38Mexico27 November 1991
39India7 December 1991
40Philippines17 December 1991
41Jamaica18 December 1991
42New Zealand19 December 1991
43Cyprus20 December 1991
44Cuba20 December 1991
45Malta1 January 1992
46Ghana3 January 1992
47Israel6 January 1992
48Austria19 January 1992
49Singapore20 January 1992
50Egypt23 January 1992
51Luxembourg29 January 1992
52Ukraine12 February 1992
53Vietnam12 February 1992
54Yemen13 February 1992
55Croatia14 February 1992
56Thailand19 March 1992
57Belarus7 April 1992
58   Nepal20 April 1992
59Venezuela23 April 1992
60Albania29 April 1992
61Mozambique29 April 1992
62Paraguay3 June 1992
63Senegal9 June 1992
64Tunisia26 June 1992
65Uruguay6 July 1992
66Iran7 July 1992
67Brazil18 July 1992
68Armenia22 August 1992
69Moldova1 September 1992
70Morocco5 October 1992
71Cabo Verde21 October 1992
72Ecuador21 October 1992
73Uzbekistan3 November 1992
74Mali26 November 1992
75Kazakhstan10 December 1992
76Czech Republic1 January 1993
77Slovakia1 January 1993
78Guatemala14 January 1993
79Bangladesh21 January 1993
80Oman5 February 1993
81Turkmenistan5 February 1993
82Georgia11 March 1993
83Kyrgyzstan18 March 1993
84Antigua and Barbuda19 March 1993
85Burundi24 May 1993
86Syria25 May 1993
87Malaysia12 June 1993
88Indonesia25 August 1993
89Azerbaijan11 January 1994
90Panama22 March 1994
91Seychelles24 March 1994
92Tajikistan11 May 1994
93Maldives20 June 1994
94Nicaragua20 June 1994
95Kuwait15 July 1994
96São Tomé and Príncipe26 July 1994
97Jordan12 September 1994
98Laos27 April 1995
99Colombia19 July 1995
–Sovereign Military Order of Malta15 August 1995
100United Arab Emirates18 September 1995
101Cambodia22 September 1995
102North Macedonia14 March 1996
103Bosnia and Herzegovina19 April 1996
104Chad23 April 1996
105Kenya23 April 1996
106Pakistan29 April 1996
107Ivory Coast4 June 1996
108Peru23 July 1996
109Andorra27 August 1996
110Sri Lanka19 September 1996
111Gabon31 October 1996
112Liechtenstein3 December 1996
113Qatar10 December 1996
114Guinea17 January 1997
115Zambia27 February 1997
116Benin19 March 1997
117Namibia11 April 1997
118Tanzania28 November 1997
119Lebanon16 January 1998
120Gambia12 March 1998
121Algeria29 April 1998
122Malawi10 September 1998
123San Marino7 March 2000
124Bahrain27 March 2000
125Brunei14 July 2000
126El Salvador11 January 2001
127Serbia19 January 2001
128Nigeria30 March 2001
129Dominican Republic15 August 2001
130Mauritius12 February 2003
131Trinidad and Tobago11 March 2003
132Botswana17 March 2003
133Saudi Arabia21 March 2003
134Costa Rica15 May 2003
135Honduras1 July 2003
136Bolivia8 July 2003
137Iraq15 October 2004
138Afghanistan18 January 2005
139Bahamas20 January 2005
140Belize3 February 2005
141Guyana16 March 2005
142Montenegro19 June 2006
143Saint Lucia21 June 2006
144Saint Vincent and the Grenadines25 August 2006
145Haiti14 December 2006
146Libya16 February 2007
147Rwanda10 April 2007
148Dominica27 September 2007
149Fiji7 March 2008
150Ethiopia11 March 2008
151Barbados15 May 2008
–Kosovo10 June 2008
152Monaco15 October 2008
153Equatorial Guinea13 November 2008
154Suriname20 May 2009
155Saint Kitts and Nevis8 June 2009
156Comoros24 February 2010
157Democratic Republic of the Congo14 January 2011
158Burkina Faso6 April 2011
159Angola7 July 2011
160Tuvalu7 July 2011
161Djibouti30 March 2012
162Eritrea5 April 2012
163Niger17 April 2012
164Central African Republic30 May 2012
165Samoa28 June 2012
166Solomon Islands28 June 2012
167Grenada19 September 2012
168Myanmar26 September 2012
169Republic of the Congo26 September 2013
170Timor-Leste27 September 2013
171Uganda1 October 2013
172Lesotho10 February 2014
173Liberia10 April 2014
174Togo23 September 2014
175Somalia26 September 2014
176Sierra Leone12 December 2014
177Sudan23 January 2015
178Zimbabwe23 January 2015
179Federated States of Micronesia25 February 2015
180Palau20 March 2015
181Vanuatu7 April 2015
182Kiribati10 April 2015
183Cameroon16 April 2015
184Papua New Guinea9 May 2018
185Nauru21 May 2018
186Madagascar26 September 2018[6]
187Eswatini16 November 2018[6]
188Tonga28 October 2020[6]
189Guinea-Bissau14 July 2021[6]
190South Sudan23 September 2021[7]
191Marshall Islands19 September 2022[8]

Relations by country

[edit]

Americas

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Canada1921-01-26, 1991-08-26[9]SeeCanada–Latvia relations
Colombia1922-07-08, 1995-07-19[10]
  • Colombia counts with an honorary consulate inRiga.[11]
  • Latvia counts with an honorary consulate inBogotá and is represented by the German embassy in Colombia for consular services only.[12]
  • Colombia recognized Latvia as an independent country after thedissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.[13]
Mexico27 November 1991SeeLatvia–Mexico relations
  • Latvia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States, and maintains an honorary consulate inMexico City.[14]
  • Mexico is accredited to Latvia from its embassy inStockholm, Sweden and maintains an honorary consulate in Riga.[15]
United States1922-07-28SeeLatvia – United States relations
  • The U.S. Legation inRiga was officially established on November 13, 1922 and served as the headquarters for U.S. representation in theBaltics during the interwar era. The Soviet invasion forced the closure of the legation on September 5, 1940, but Latvian representation in the United States has continued uninterrupted for 85 years.
  • The U.S. Embassy in Latvia is located in Riga.
  • [16]

Asia

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Armenia22 August 1992SeeArmenia–Latvia relations
  • Armenia is represented in Latvia through its embassy inWarsaw (Poland).
  • Latvia is represented in Armenia through a non-resident ambassador based inRiga (at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and through an honorary consulate inYerevan.[17]
  • Latviarecognized theArmenian genocide in 2021.
  • Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Armenia[18]
Azerbaijan1994-01-11[19]SeeAzerbaijan–Latvia relations
ChinaSeeChina–Latvia relations
Iraq2004-10-15
  • Iraq recognized the independence of Latvia on January 1, 1992.[22]
  • In 2005, a project entitled Latvian Government's Assistance to Iraq in the Documentation of Architectural and Archaeological Objects with Photogrammetric Methods was implemented.la
  • Latvia's participation in theIraq War commenced in May 2003. At their peak the number of Latvian soldiers in Iraq was 126. They were withdrawn on November 8, 2008.[23]
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia: Iraq[24]
Israel1992-01-06SeeIsrael–Latvia relations
Japan10 October 1991
  • Latvia has an embassy inTokyo.[27]
  • Japan has an embassy in Riga.[28]
Kazakhstan1992-12-30SeeKazakhstan–Latvia relations
  • Kazakhstan recognised Latvia's independence on December 23, 1991.
  • Latvia recognised the independence of Kazakhstan on January 8, 1992.
  • Kazakhstan is represented in Latvia through its embassy inVilnius (Lithuania) and though an honorary consulate inRiga.[29]
  • Latvia has an embassy inAstana and an honorary consulate inAlmaty.
  • Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Kazakhstan[30]
Kyrgyzstan1993-03-18
Malaysia

Latvia doesn't have any embassy in Malaysia.[32] while Malaysian embassy inHelsinki is accredited to Latvia.[33][34]

South Korea1991-10-22[35]See Latvia – South Korea relations[36]

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Latvijas Republika began on 1991-10-22.

  • The two countries have good relations.
  • Deputy Minister for Political Affairs Lee Kyung-soo visited to the Latvia in December 2018 and attended a plaque-hanging ceremony of the Republic of Korea embassy in Riga which is the Republic of Korea's first permanent mission in theBaltic region and a reception to celebrate the opening of the embassy.[37]
    • Latvian embassy[38] and an Honorary Consuls in Seoul.[39]
    • South Korean embassy in Latvia.[40]
Taiwan1923SeeLatvia–Taiwan relations
  • Both countries had relations from 1923 to 1991.
  • The Republic of China (Taiwan) never recognized the de jure incorporation of Latvia into the Soviet Union.
Tajikistan1994-05-11
TurkeySeeLatvia–Turkey relations

Europe

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Albania1928-02-16, 1992-04-22
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1928, which were restored in 1992.[41]
  • Albania is represented in Latvia by its embassy inWarsaw, Poland.[41]
  • Latvia is represented in Albania by its embassy in Rome, Italy and an honorary consulate inTirana.[42]
  • Both countries have a number of bilateral agreements.[43]
Austria
  • Austria has an embassy in Riga.
  • Latvia has an embassy inVienna.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union.
Belgium
  • Belgium is accredited to Latvia from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Latvia has an embassy inBrussels.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Bulgaria1922-05-24, 1991-09-10[44]SeeBulgaria–Latvia relations

Bulgaria is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland) and through an honorary consulate in Riga. Latvia is represented in Bulgaria through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland) and through an honorary consulate in Sofia. Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.

CroatiaSeeForeign relations of Croatia
CyprusSeeCyprus–Latvia relations
Czech Republic
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Riga.
  • Latvia has an embassy inPrague.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
DenmarkSeeDenmark–Latvia relations
Estonia1919-07-21, 1991-09-06[47]SeeEstonia–Latvia relations
  • Both states share a long common history: before 1918, they were both part of theRussian Empire.[48]
  • They were both re-occupied by theUSSR between 1945 and 1991. Both countries established diplomatic relations on January 3, 1992.
  • Estonia has an embassy inRiga. Latvia has an embassy inTallinn.
  • The two states share 343 km of common borders.[citation needed]
Finland24 September 1919SeeFinland–Latvia relations
Prime Minister Sanna Marin met Latvia's Prime MinisterKrišjānis Kariņš 12 February 2020
France1921-01-26, 1991-08-30SeeFrance–Latvia relations
  • France has an embassy in Riga.
  • Latvia has an embassy inParis.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
GeorgiaSeeGeorgia–Latvia relations
GermanySeeGermany–Latvia relations
  • Germany has an embassy in Riga.
  • Latvia has an embassy inBerlin.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
GreeceSeeGreece-Latvia relations
  • Greece has an embassy in Riga.
  • Latvia has an embassy inAthens.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Hungary
IcelandSeeIceland–Latvia relations

Iceland was the first country to recognise the independence of Latvia in August 1991. Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on August 22, 1991. Iceland is represented in Latvia through its embassy inHelsinki (Finland). Latvia is represented in Iceland through its embassy inOslo (Norway) and an honorary consulate in Reykjavik. Both countries are full members of theCouncil of the Baltic Sea States, ofNATO, and of theCouncil of Europe.

Italy
  • Italy has an embassy in Riga.
  • Latvia has an embassy inRome.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Kosovo10 June 2008SeeKosovo–Latvia relations

Latviarecognized it on February 20, 2008.[49] Latvian and Kosovan governments established diplomatic relations on June 10, 2008.[50] However, Latvia's involvement in Kosovo date back to 2000 when it first sentpeacekeeping troops.

Lithuania1991-10-05SeeLatvia–Lithuania relations
  • Latvia has an embassy inVilnius.[51]
  • Lithuania has an embassy inRiga.[52]
  • The two states share 588 kilometres (365 mi) of common border. Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union.
Luxembourg
  • Luxembourg did not recognise the annexation of the Baltic States by the USSR in 1940–1991 either de jure or de facto.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were restored on April 21, 1992.
  • Latvia is represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussel (Belgium) and through an honorary consulate in Luxembourg City. Luxembourg is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland) and through an honorary consulate in Riga.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
Moldova
MontenegroSeeLatvia–Montenegro relations
NetherlandsSeeLatvia–Netherlands relations
NorwaySeeLatvia–Norway relations
Poland1991-08-30SeeLatvia–Poland relations
Portugal
  • Latvia is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Dublin, Ireland.
  • Portugal is accredited to Latvia from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Both countries are full members of theEuropean Union andNATO.
Romania1922-01-03
  • Between June 2, 1922 – October 18, 1939, the diplomatic representation of Latvia in Romania was handled by the Latvian legation in Prague, in then neighbouring Czechoslovakia. In 1924, Latvia opened 3 honorary consulates in Romania (inBucharest,Constanţa andGalaţi). In May 1929, Romania opened its legation in Riga.
  • On October 18, 1939, Latvia opened its legation in Bucharest.
  • Romania recognized Latvia on August 26, 1991.
  • Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on September 13, 1991.
  • Latvia is represented in Romania through its embassy inWarsaw (Poland).
  • Romania is represented in Latvia through its embassy inVilnius (Lithuania) and an honorary consulate inRiga.[56]
  • Both countries are full members ofNATO, theEuropean Union, and theOrganization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
  • Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Romania[57]
Russia1920-10-04 and again 1991-10-04SeeLatvia–Russia relations
  • Until 1917, Latvia had been part of the Russian empire. Following the Latvian declaration of independence,war broke out between Latvia and theRussian SFSR.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were first established in 1920, following the conclusion of a Soviet-Latvian peace treaty on August 11, 1920.[58] The treaty was ratified by the Latvian Constituent Assembly on September 2, and by the Latvian government on September 25. On the Russian side, it was ratified by the Pan Russian Central Executive Committee on September 9. Ratification letters were exchanged between the two governments in Moscow on October 4, the date on which in entered into effect. These relations lasted until the Soviet take over of Latvia in 1940.
  • Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian government recognized the independence of Latvia on August 24, 1991.
  • Russia expresses concern for how Latvia's language and naturalization laws effect Latvia's Russian-speaking population. Russians comprised 27.6% of the population in 2010. In turn, Latvia is interested in the welfare of ethnic Latvians still residing in Russia. The latest Russian census shows about 40,000 still living in Russia, but sources indicate that given the probability of an undercount, Latvians in Russia probably number about 50,000–60,000.
Serbia2001-01-19
  • Latvia has a non-resident ambassador inRiga (in the Foreign Ministry).
  • Serbia is represented in Latvia through its embassy inStockholm (Sweden).
  • Latvia is anEUmember and Serbia is anEUcandidate.
  • Latvian Foreign Ministry about relations with Serbia[59]
  • Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Latvia[60]
Slovakia
  • Both countries established direct diplomatic relations on January 1, 1993. Latvia is represented in Slovakia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria). Slovakia has an embassy in Riga. Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union. Latvian Foreign Minister Indulis Berzins and his Slovak counterpart Eduard Kukan met in Riga in 2000.[61]
SpainSeeLatvia–Spain relations
SwedenSeeLatvia–Sweden relations

Sweden recognized Latvia on 4 February 1921.[62]

Sweden resumed diplomatic relations with Latvia on 28 August 1991.[63]

Ukraine12 February 1992SeeLatvia–Ukraine relations
United Kingdom5 September 1991SeeLatvia–United Kingdom relations

Latvia establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 5 September 1991.

  • Latvia maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Lithuania through its embassy inRiga.[67]

Both countries share common membership of theCouncil of Europe,International Criminal Court,Joint Expeditionary Force,NATO,OECD,OSCE, and theWorld Trade Organization.

Oceania

[edit]
CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Australia21 November 1991SeeAustralia–Latvia relations
  • Australia is represented in Latvia through itsembassy in Stockholm, Sweden (since 1997) and anhonorary consulate inRiga (since 1995).
  • Latvia has had an embassy inCanberra since October 2021, and also has honorary consulates in Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide, Melbourne and Perth.[68]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  61. ^"Latvian, Slovak foreign ministers praise ties, discuss EU, NATO integration".BNS. November 6, 2000. RetrievedJune 11, 2009.Relations between Latvia and Slovakia are good and have a potential for development, Latvian Foreign Minister Indulis Berzins and his Slovak counterpart Eduard Kukan agreed in the talks in Riga today. Latvia and Slovakia have common foreign policy aims which facilitate bilateral relations and discussions. Berzins and Kukan agreed that both countries were interested in development of a political dialogue, cooperation between foreign and defence ministries, as well as...
  62. ^"Namn och nytt..." [Name and new...].Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). February 5, 1921. p. 13. RetrievedFebruary 12, 2025.Regeringen har i gårdagens konselj erkänt republikerna Estland och Lettland såsom självständiga och oberoende stater. [At yesterday's council, the government recognized the republics of Estonia and Latvia as independent and sovereign states.]
  63. ^Sveriges internationella överenskommelser: SÖ 1991:35(PDF) (in Swedish). Stockholm: Utrikesdepartementet. 1991. p. 1.ISSN 0284-1967.SELIBR 4110996.
  64. ^"Embassy of Latvia in Ukraine".Am.gov.lv. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2015.
  65. ^"Посольство України в Латвійській Республіці".Mfa.gov.ua. Archived fromthe original on August 5, 2012. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2015.
  66. ^"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia: Relations Between Latvia and Ukraine".www.am.gov.lv. Archived fromthe original on June 21, 2008. RetrievedJanuary 11, 2022.
  67. ^"British Embassy Riga".GOV.UK.Archived from the original on June 8, 2024. RetrievedJune 9, 2024.
  68. ^"Foreign embassies and consulates in Australia - Latvia". Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. RetrievedAugust 4, 2022.
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