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Foreign relations of Equatorial Guinea

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The government's official policy is one ofnonalignment. In its search for assistance to meet the goal of national reconstruction, the government of Equatorial Guinea has established diplomatic relations with numerous European andThird World countries. Havingachieved independence under UN sponsorship, Equatorial Guinea feels a special kinship with that organization. It became the 126thUN member on November 12, 1968. Equatorial Guinea served as a non-permanent member on theUnited Nations Security Council from 2017 to 2019.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Equatorial Guinea maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate[1]
1Spain12 October 1968[2]
2Egypt12 October 1968[3]
3Cameroon27 October 1968[4]
4  Switzerland4 November 1968[5]
5Japan12 November 1968[6]
6United States21 November 1968[7]
7Philippines28 November 1968[8]
8Russia7 December 1968[9]
9Gabon1968[10]
10India1968[11]
11Israel1968[12]
12United Kingdom1968[13][failed verification]
13Nigeria25 January 1969[14]
14North Korea30 January 1969[15]
15France10 July 1969[16]
16Netherlands1969[17]
17Sweden1969[18]
18Hungary18 February 1970[19]
19Serbia18 May 1970[20]
20Czech Republic22 July 1970[21]
21China15 October 1970[22]
22Ethiopia1970[23]
23Ghana4 June 1971[24]
24Republic of the Congo12 July 1971[25]
25Bulgaria15 September 1971[26]
26Chile8 November 1971[27]
27Romania9 March 1972[28]
28Vietnam1 September 1972[29]
29Albania30 November 1972[30][31]
30Cuba27 December 1972[32]
31Tunisia1972[33]
32Argentina26 April 1974[34]
33Central African Republic24 January 1975[35]
34Brazil26 May 1975[36]
35Mexico26 September 1975[37]
36Cape Verde1975[38]
37Austria1 March 1976[39]
38Portugal9 March 1977[40]
39Guinea1977[41]
40Algeria9 November 1978[42]
41Poland29 May 1979[43]
42South Korea14 September 1979[44]
43Morocco17 April 1980[45]
44Canada20 August 1980[46]
45Ecuador8 September 1980[47]
46Turkey16 September 1980[48][49]
47Liberia1980[50]
48Benin10 April 1981[51]
49Peru28 April 1981[52]
50Costa RicaApril 1981[53]
51Colombia6 May 1981[54]
52Venezuela7 May 1981[55]
53Panama13 May 1981[56]
54Uruguay15 September 1981[57]
—Holy See24 December 1981[58]
55São Tomé and Príncipe1981[59]
56Angola1982[60]
57Sierra LeoneMarch 1983[61]
58Nicaragua20 September 1984
59Italy8 March 1985[62]
60Bolivia21 October 1987
61Kuwait1988[63]
62Pakistan9 October 1990[64]
63Thailand15 February 1991[65]
64Ukraine18 May 1992[66]
65Armenia19 May 1992[67]
66Belarus25 May 1992[68]
67Turkmenistan8 December 1992[69]
68Seychelles14 April 1993
69South Africa5 May 1993[70]
70Mali4 November 1993[71]
71Burkina Faso1993[72]
—Sovereign Military Order of Malta16 July 1996[73]
72Luxembourg17 April 1997[74]
73Slovakia7 December 1997[75]
74Iran20 July 1998[76]
75Dominican Republic24 November 1999[77]
76Libya11 February 2001[78]
77MalaysiaNovember 2001[79]
78North Macedonia9 July 2002
79Mauritius26 May 2004
80Zimbabwe2 June 2004[80]
81Iceland10 September 2004
82Azerbaijan11 November 2004
83Paraguay3 November 2005
84Guatemala8 December 2006
85Botswana13 December 2006[81]
86Norway30 March 2007[82]
87Croatia18 October 2007
88Estonia18 December 2007
89Cyprus29 February 2008
90Finland30 April 2008
91Haiti24 June 2008[83]
—State of Palestine11 July 2008[84]
92Latvia13 November 2008
93Lebanon21 November 2008
94Monaco16 June 2009[85]
95Australia23 July 2009
96Bosnia and Herzegovina24 February 2010
97Slovenia26 May 2010
98Georgia23 June 2010
99Cambodia30 June 2010
100Rwanda29 July 2010[86]
101Ivory Coast12 August 2010[87]
102Germany6 September 2010[88]
103Mozambique13 July 2011[89]
104Namibia3 August 2011[90]
105Fiji6 October 2011
106Saudi Arabia12 October 2011[91]
107Suriname12 January 2012
108Burundi23 May 2012[92]
109Comoros29 August 2012[93]
110Mauritania6 October 2012[94]
111Mongolia20 February 2014
112Denmark7 November 2014[95]
113Timor-Leste2014[96]
114Senegal19 February 2015[97]
115Eswatini19 February 2015[97]
116Jamaica18 May 2015
117South Sudan8 October 2015[98]
118Indonesia22 September 2016[99]
119Togo7 October 2016[100]
120Sudan19 December 2016[101]
121Kazakhstan24 May 2017
122Uganda19 February 2018[102]
123Singapore11 April 2018
124Zambia19 April 2018[103]
125Maldives21 May 2018
126Tajikistan21 May 2018
127Djibouti9 October 2018[104]
128Guinea-Bissau22 November 2018[105]
129Liechtenstein2018[106]
130   Nepal30 April 2019
131United Arab Emirates13 July 2019[107]
132Honduras31 July 2020[108]
133Qatar7 April 2021
134Bangladesh7 April 2022[109]
135Gambia29 May 2022[110]
136El Salvador18 September 2023[111]
137Saint Kitts and Nevis22 September 2023[112]
138Oman1 April 2024
139Bahrain24 September 2024
140Jordan17 January 2025
141Tanzania28 March 2025[113]
142BelgiumUnknown
143ChadUnknown
144Democratic Republic of the CongoUnknown
145GreeceUnknown
146IraqUnknown
147KenyaUnknown
148NigerUnknown

Bilateral relations

[edit]

Africa

[edit]
CountryFormal relations establishedNotes
Angola
  • Angola has an embassy inMalabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inLuanda.
Cameroon27 October 1968

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1968[114]

Equatorial Guinea has cordial relations with neighbouring Cameroon, although there was criticism in Cameroon in 2000 about perceived mistreatment of Cameroonians working in Equatorial Guinea. Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea have an unresolved maritime border dispute. The majorityFang ethnic group of mainland Equatorial Guinea extends both north and south into the forests of Cameroon and Gabon. Cameroon exports some food products to Equatorial Guinea and imports oil from Equatorial Guinea for its refinery at nearbyLimbe.

In December 2008, Equatorial Guinea security forces killed a Cameroonian fisherman and abducted two immigrants, Cameroon closed its border in response.[115]

  • Cameroon has an embassy in Malabo and a consulate inBata.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inYaoundé and a consulates-general inEbolowa andDouala.
Chad
  • Chad has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inN'Djamena.
Congo-Brazzaville12 July 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1971 when first Ambassador of Equatorial Guinea to People's Republic of the Congo Mr. Clemente Aqueda presented his cedentials to President Ngouabi[116]
  • Congo-Brazzavile has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inBrazzaville.
Egypt15 April 1969
  • Egypt has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inCairo.
Gabon1968Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1968[10]
  • Gabon has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inLibreville and a consulate-general inOyem.
Ghana1968
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inAccra.
  • Ghana has an embassy in Malabo.
Morocco1978Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1978[117]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inRabat.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Malabo.
Nigeria25 January 1969

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969[14]

Equatorial Guinea has warmer relations with Nigeria, and the Nigerian President made an official visit to Malabo in 2001. The two countries have delineated their offshore borders, which will facilitate development of nearby gas fields. In addition, many Nigerians work in Equatorial Guinea, as do immigrants from Cameroon and some West African states.

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inAbuja and consulates-general inCalabar andLagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Malabo and a consulate in Bata.
São Tomé and Príncipe
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inSão Tomé.
  • São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Malabo.
South Africa5 May 1993Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1993[118]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inPretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Malabo.

Americas

[edit]
CountryFormal relations establishedNotes
Argentina26 April 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 1974.[119]
  • Argentina is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Argentina from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
Brazil26 May 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1975[36]
  • Brazil has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inBrasília.
Canada20 August 1980Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1980[120]
  • Canada is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.[121]
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Canada from its Permanent Mission to theUnited Nations inNew York City.
Chile9 November 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 November 1971[122]
  • Chile is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
Colombia6 May 1981Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 May 1981[123]
  • Colombia is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
Cuba27 December 1972Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 December 1972[32]
  • Cuba has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inHavana.
Mexico26 September 1975SeeEquatorial Guinea–Mexico relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 1975[37]

  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[124]
  • Mexico is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy inAbuja,Nigeria.[125]
United States21 November 1968SeeEquatorial Guinea–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 November 1968, diplomatic relations suspension from 14 March 1976 to 19 December 1979.[126]

Embassy of Equatorial Guinea in Washington, D.C.

In 1995, the United States closed its embassy, ostensibly for budget reasons, though the ambassador of the time had been accused ofwitchcraft, and had criticised the human rights situation. In 1996, offshore oil began flowing, and, with several US oil companies present in the country, the US reopened the embassy in October 2003. The US has sought to encourage the progress of human rights to the country by addressing its concerns directly to the government, as well as holding seminars for better police conduct and judicial conferences with US judges to improve the rule of law.[127]The US State Department on relations between United States and Equatorial Guinea remarks:"Equatorial Guinea’s hydrocarbon riches dwarf all other economic activity; the country’s oil reserves are located mainly in the Gulf of Guinea. U.S. oil companies are one of Equatorial Guinea’s largest investors, and they have a lead role in oil and gas exploration and extraction. Equatorial Guinea’s exports to the U.S. are dominated by petroleum products. In an effort to attract increased U.S. investment, U.S. passport-holders are entitled to visa-free entry. Imports from the U.S. include machinery, iron and steel products, optic and medical instruments, and inorganic chemical and rare earth minerals. The U.S. is following closely Equatorial Guinea’s discussions with The International Monetary Fund on a possible program aiming to reduce the fiscal deficit, increase non-oil revenue, address public financial management weaknesses (while protecting social spending), and improve governance and transparency in public administration and the hydrocarbon sector."[128]

Venezuela7 May 1981SeeEquatorial Guinea–Venezuela relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1981[55]

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inCaracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Malabo.

Asia

[edit]
CountryFormal relations establishedNotes
China15 October 1970SeeChina–Equatorial Guinea relations

The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea established diplomatic relations on October 15, 1970.[22]

  • China has an embassy in Malabo and a consulate-general inBata.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inBeijing.
India1968SeeEquatorial Guinea–India relations
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inNew Delhi.
  • India has an embassy in Malabo.
Israel1968[12]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inTel Aviv.
  • Israel is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Japan20 October 1980Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 1980[131]
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Japan from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • Japan is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Libreville, Gabon.
North Korea30 January 1969SeeEquatorial Guinea–North Korea relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 January 1969[132]

  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to North Korea from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • North Korea has an embassy in Malabo.
South Korea14 September 1979Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 1979[133]
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to South Korea from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • South Korea is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Libreville, Gabon.
Turkey16 September 1980SeeEquatorial Guinea–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 September 1980[48][49]

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inAnkara.[134]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Malabo.[134]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$23.8 million in 2019 (Guinean exports/imports: 3.6/20.2 million USD).[134]
  • There are direct flights fromIstanbul toMalabo since 7 February 2020.[134]

Europe

[edit]
CountryFormal relations establishedNotes
Belgium
  • Belgium is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy inKinshasa, DR Congo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inBrussels.
France10 July 1969

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1969[135]

Equatorial Guinea is member of the Central African Economic and Monetary Union (CEMAC), which includes Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, and Gabon. It also is a member of the Franc zone. Parallel to the Equatoguinean rapprochement with its Francophone neighbors, France's role has significantly increased following Equatorial Guinea's entry into theCFA Franc Zone and the BEAC. French technical advisers work in the finance and planning ministries, and agreements have been signed for infrastructure development projects.

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inParis.
  • France has an embassy in Malabo.
Germany7 June 1969SeeEquatorial Guinea–Germany relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1969[136]

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inBerlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Malabo.
Poland29 May 1979Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 1979[43]
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
Portugal9 May 1977Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 May 1977[137]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inLisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy in Malabo.
Russia7 December 1968SeeEquatorial Guinea–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1968[9]

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy inMoscow.
  • Russia is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Spain12 October 1968SeeEquatorial Guinea–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 October 1968[138]

A transitional agreement, signed in October 1968, implemented a Spanish preindependence decision to assistEquatorial Guinea and provided for the temporary maintenance of Spanish military forces there. A dispute withPresidentFrancisco Macías Nguema in 1969 led to a request that all Spanish troops immediately depart, and many civilians left at the same time. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were never broken but were suspended by Spain in March 1977 in the wake of renewed disputes. After Macías' fall in 1979, PresidentTeodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo asked for Spanish assistance, and since then, Spain has regained influence in Equatorial Guinea's diplomatic relations. The two countries signed permanent agreements for economic and technical cooperation, private concessions, and trade relations. President Obiang made an official visit toMadrid in March 2001, and senior Spanish Foreign Ministry officials visitedMalabo during 2001 as well. Spain maintained a bilateral assistance program in Equatorial Guinea. Some Equato-Guinean opposition elements are based in Spain to the annoyance of the government in Malabo.

United Kingdom20 June 1969Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

The UK establisheddiplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 20 June 1969.[13][failed verification]

  • Equatorial Guinea does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom; the Equatoguinean government closed itsembassy inLondon.[141]
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Equatorial Guinea through an embassy; the UK develops relations through itshigh commission in Yaoundé, Cameroon.[142]

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact.[143]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  3. ^"Egypt and Equatorial Guinea".State Information Service. Archived fromthe original on 12 November 2024. Retrieved15 January 2024.
  4. ^Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service 1968. p. 4.
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  12. ^abIsrael Government Year-book. Government Printer. 1969. p. 240.
  13. ^abGreat Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. (1970).The Diplomatic Service List. H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 136–149.
  14. ^abAfrica Report - Volume 14 - Page 31. African-American Institute. 1969.
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